Broadband Network Technologies Research Articles

Applications of Intelligent Artificial and Communication Technologies in Intelligent Buildings

With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, more and more technologies are being applied to the intelligent building system. The study summarizes and analyzes the development status of intelligent buildings, then analyzes and generalizes the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of several artificial intelligence and communication technologies in the intelligent building system. Results show that this paper introduces the three applications of artificial intelligence systems in intelligent buildings, including expert control systems, artificial neural systems, and intelligent decision systems, as well as the application of communication technology in intelligent buildings, including virtual LAN technology, communication network technology and broadband network technology. Artificial intelligence technology can reflect the current situation of buildings to people in real-time, judge emergencies instead of experts, and make the best choice to prolong the service life and stability of buildings. Communication technology can help users realize remote offices and home offices. The application of these technologies in intelligent buildings may not be mature at this stage, but the development and application potential are still very considerable.

Characteristic analysis of queue theory in Wi-Fi applications using OPNET 14.5 modeler

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) broadband network technology has created great influence in the evolution of broadband wireless networks that are anticipated to progress regarding broadband speed and coverage. Several Wi-Fi hotspots are available everywhere, making it a medium of internet access that is easier to use compared to a local area network (LAN). However, the internet being the best effort network doesn’t provide the required Quality of Service (QoS) and there is no differentiation of service traffic. The chief aim of the current paper is to study the operation of the three organizing mechanisms: First-In, First-Out (FIFO) method – the standard method of network implementation to process the packets one by one as it arrives, Priority Queuing (PQ) and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) whereas PQ and WFQ classify the types of traffic based on service priority. In addition, WFQ assigns fair weight to each service on multiple traffic classes like video conferencing, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), using Telkom ST3’s Wi-Fi network. This study applies four different scenarios: the first scenario applies the methods without any queuing discipline; the second scenario implements the methods with FIFO; the third scenario carries out the methods with PQ and the last scenario applies the methods with WFQ. The studies have shown that “end-to-end packet delay and packet delay variation for VoIP in the WFQ scenario” is good when compared to other queuing mechanisms with values of 171.717 ms and 0.977 ms, respectively. In the case of videotape conferencing also, the performance is better in the case of WFQ with values of 32.495 ms and 7.207 ms, correspondingly, since the WFQ has a “bandwidth allocation” tailored to the requirements

Effects of Market Structure on Broadband Quality in Local U.S. Residential Service Markets

This paper investigates the effects of changes in market structure on residential service quality in local U.S. broadband markets. Our analysis focuses on identifying causal effects on quality from entry (or exit) by firms using both legacy and non-legacy broadband network technologies. We analyze a very large and highly disaggregated census block-level data set we have constructed using Federal Communication Commission (FCC) data on residential broadband services deployment in populated U.S. census blocks between December 2014 and December 2018. We employ a difference-in-differences framework combined with both spatial fixed effects and spatial instrumental variables. The latter econometric tools are used to address unobserved market heterogeneity and concerns about significant error in measured ISP counts for fixed wireless ISPs. Our results suggest that entry by legacy technology (cable and DSL) service providers has large impacts on available service quality in local broadband markets, effects which diminish rapidly with continued entry. Contrary to expectations, entry by a single new fiber ISP seems to have no impact on available quality; entry by two fiber ISPs, by contrast, raises maximum available quality by a modest but statistically significant 90 Mbps. Entry by a fixed wireless ISP appears to have had a large, negative impact on maximum available download speeds offered by incumbent legacy ISPs. Economic explanations for these results are discussed and evaluated. We establish that (i) both fixed wireless and fiber ISPs compete in sets of speed tiers that are distinct from those offered by legacy ISPs, and speculate that (ii) price competition (as opposed to quality competition) may be more intense in markets with fixed wireless entry.

Emerging network architecture of ultrafast fixed broadband technologies and solutions

This article is introducing the development and emerging network architecture of the newest ultrafast fixed broadband (BB) technologies and solutions in the terrestrial telecommunication industries right across the globe. The modern ultrafast networks and access technologies are known as G.fast, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 3.1 (DOCSIS 3.1), and Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON). The basic concepts associated with broadband communication network technologies with emphasis on the provision of multipurpose service focused on the evolution and challenging fields of the broadband communication techniques from the traditional architecture to the incorporation of virtualization services here are also discussed.

A continuous playing scheme on RESTful web service

Currently, the paradigm shift in our computing is dramatically moving from PC to mobile devices and many new services are emerging based on the development of broadband network and hardware technologies such as Cloud computing and Web of things. Especially, the popularity of smart devices has increased the demand for sharing multimedia contents at anywhere and on any of user devices with seamless display. In this paper, we introduce a prototype implementation of contents sharing service working on different devices with seamless connectivity. The purpose is that the proposed system allows users to share their media contents and play them continuously regardless of the situation of switching from one device to another. For example, N-screen services allow users to manage their active sessions among multiple devices having different capabilities and architectures. The system implemented has the basic sharing configuration of three devices: PC, Smartphone, and Tablets, and utilize an Open Service Platform based on RESTful Web Services. The prototype was successfully implemented and its performance was simulated with sample 3D videos with different file sizes to estimate load latencies while switching from one device to another. The result shows the feasibility of contents sharing system based on RESTful Web Services with low latency on Smartphone.

Innovation, Investment and Competition in Broadband and the Impact on America's Digital Economy

A number of claims in the media assert that America is falling behind in broadband, that Americans pay more for broadband of less quality than people of many countries, and that broadband providers don’t compete, innovate or invest. The EU, Japan and South Korea are said to be leading these aspects of broadband. This paper investigates whether there is evidence for those claims. Taking “The Whole Picture: Where America’s Broadband Networks Really Stand” (Bennet 2013) from TPRC41 as a departure point, this paper expands the investigation into key innovations in fixed and wireless networks, capex investment of broadband, intermodal competition for DSL, cable, 4G/LTE and FTTH in the US and EU, and measures of how the US has leveraged broadband to develop its digital economy. The paper also provides microeconomic analysis of municipal broadband and wireless networks. Some key discoveries include that OECD broadband prices for EU countries do not include compulsory media license fees or value added taxes which can add up to $80 per subscription per month. Adjusting for these real costs, American broadband prices are lower. The broadband innovation discussion includes a review of broadband providers’ newest developments, particularly with G.fast and neighborhood wifi. It reviews the role of mobile in stimulating consumer adoption, the domestic digital economy and digital exports. It also highlights how over the top (OTT) services create competition on and for networks. With a comparison to EU, the analysis shows that the level of technology development, not the number of the competitors, drives competition. This is evidenced by 74 percent of broadband subscriptions in the EU being DSL, while broadband subscriptions in the US are more evenly distributed amongst different broadband network technologies. As the EU Digital Agenda Scoreboard and America’s National Broadband Map reports, the US has a higher deployment of next generation networks, twice as much FTTH and nearly 4 times at much LTE. Almost all Americans are covered by LTE, 97 percent, while only 26 percent of Europeans are covered. The US-EU comparisons also test whether there is a telco-cable duopoly in the US. The Infonetics database of communications contains capital expenditure numbers for global private providers for the last decade that was then segmented for each country and per capita. The results show that while the US has just 4% of world’s population, it enjoys nearly one quarter of the world’s broadband investment. A decade ago the EU accounted for more than one-third of the world’s broadband investment; today it is less than one-fifth. This paper is novel in its attempt to attribute the role of broadband to the larger digital economy. It reviews leading studies of the digital economy, including the OECD, ITU, Boston Consulting Group, the United States International Trade Council and the Cisco Visual Networking Index.Lastly, the paper provides policy suggestions based on the conclusions of the analysis. It makes a number of suggestions on how to improve the business case for FTTH, how to improve broadband coverage in rural areas, particularly by accelerating the deployment of wireless infrastructure, and whether the government should support broadband adoption or deployment.This paper is developed expressly for TPRC and has not been presented or published before.

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV): Architecture, Trends, and Challenges

Internet protocol television (IPTV), a technology that delivers video content over a network that uses the IP networking protocol, has been receiving a lot of attention over the last couple of years. The increasing interest in IPTV is being driven by remarkable advances in digital technologies and consumer electronic devices, broadband networking technologies, Web services, as well as more entertainment demands (enabled by decreasing costs of hardware and software technologies) from both consumers and content providers. In this paper, we briefly discuss IPTV standardization initiatives and present the design of both next-generation network (NGN)-based and non-NGN-based architectures that have been recently proposed to enable the deployment of IPTV. In addition, we describe the challenges and solutions associated with mobile IPTV and peer-to-peer IPTV systems. We Anally present some IPTV trends and identify some of the IPTV challenges that must be addressed to enable the ubiquitous deployment and adoption of IPTV.

A TAM-based study on senior citizens digital learning and user behavioral intention toward use of broadband network technology services provided via television

As population aging is a growing phenomenon in the 21st century, products and services aimed at the elderly have emerged one after the other. Great market opportunities in relation to senior citizens have attracted increasing investment from industries. Governments across the globe are making efforts to work out a variety of programs to meet the demands. Among them, the needs for information technology learning, and digital and mental growth are regarded as the focus of future social and economic development. The main purpose of this study is to investigate senior citizens’ behavioral intention toward using broadband network services provided via television. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), a model of senior citizens’ recognition of digital broadband network service technology available through television will be developed in this paper to establish an empirical understanding of the factors influencing the use and acceptance of innovative technology service products by senior citizens. The results of this study are described in three aspects as follows: 1. perceived ease of use, social norms, mind-stimulating playfulness and product features are variables that have significant positive influence on perceived usefulness; 2. social norms and product features are variables that have significant positive influence on perceived ease of use; 3. perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social norms and network externality are variables that have significant positive influence on user behavioral intention. Key words: Technology acceptance model, senior citizens, digital learning, user behavioral intention.

DCT기반의 블라인드 워터마크를 이용한 EPG 정보 재생기 설계

광대역 네트워크의 발달과 함께 멀티미디어 산업의 발달은 IPTV와 같은 디지털 콘텐츠 시장의 확산을 가져오고 있다. 일반적으로 셋탑박스와 같은 미들웨어를 통해서 습득한 디지털 콘텐츠는 PC 재생기를 이용하여 시청할 수 있다. 이 때 PC 재생기는 코덱정보, 비트레이트 등과 같은 정보만 알 수 있다. 그러나 일반 사용자들은 이러한 정보보다 콘텐츠의 내용, 설명 등과 같은 부가 정보를 보기 원한다. 따라서 기존의 PC 재생기와 달리 데이터베이스 사용하지 않고 셋탑박스를 통해서 습득한 콘텐츠 내에 삽입되어 있는 EPG 정보를 볼 수 있는 재생기를 PC상에 설계하였다. 콘텐츠 내에 EPG 정보를 삽입하기 위해서 DCT 기반의 블라인드 워터마크를 제안한다. 이는 콘텐츠 원본 없이도 정보를 추출할 수 있고, 주파수 영역에서 계수값에 비례하여 강인한 워터마크를 삽입 할 수 있다. 그리고 EPG 정보로부터 원하는 정보를 워터마크를 통하여 삽입하기 위하여 MPEG-TS에 포함된 PSI 정보를 분석하고 분리하였으며, 삽입된 콘텐츠로부터 EPG 정보를 추출하여 UI를 구성하였다. 또한 워터마크 삽입 및 추출, 콘텐츠 재생 등의 기능을 다이렉트쇼 필터를 기반으로 설계하여 시스템을 모듈화 하였다. 따라서 개발자들이 보다 쉽고, 빠르게 시스템을 개발할 수 있도록 설계하였다. While the broadband network and multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents has also been widely spreading with recently starting IPTV. Generally, PC player can display digital contents obtained through middleware like a settop box and can only bring the informations about contents like CODEC, bitrate etc. useful for only experts. But general users want to know more optional informations like content's subject, description etc. So unlike previous PC player, we proposed a player system that can get inserted informations, namely EPG(Electronic Program Guide), without database after bringing contents to PC through settop box. In addition, we also proposed DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) based blind watermark generating method to insert EPG informations. We can extract watermark without original image and insert robust watermark in proportion to coefficients in frequency domain. And we analyzed and parsed PSI data from MPEG-TS. So we could insert wanted information using watermark from EPG. And we composed UI by extracting EPG information from watermark interted contents. Finally we modularized whole system into the watermark insert/extract application and directshow filter based player. So we tried to design this system so that the general developer can do in a way that is easier and faster.

Research and Development of the Thin Terminal Technology of Broadband Computer

With the increasingly expanding and perfecting of the construction and application of the information networking, the cost, technology, security, and management of the information networking are facing big risk and challenge. The thin terminal technology of broadband computer is the information service system based on the C/S system computing platform, which could fully utilize the broadband network technology, with low cost, high efficiency, high security, and easy management, and sufficiently dig the computing function of the server, and effectively solve various risks and challenges in the construction of the information networking.

HSI 워터마크를 이용한 IPTV 콘텐츠 보호 및 인증 시스템 설계

While the broadband network and multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents also has been widely spreading with recently starting IPTV. As the IPTV services are getting to be generalized and popularized, the contents illicit copying and distribution of copyright meterials tends to draw more attentions. So we need a right service system that can protect contents and copyright using watermark inserting. Until now, the conventional protection and authentication system is taking advantages of merits both in CAS and DRM. But this system can not protect the contents when acquiring them from TV output using A/D convertor. So we apply watermark method using HSI color space against contents illicit copying. And for distribution of copyright materials. we compound unique settop ID and copyrighter`s ID to make new ID that is watermark. When inserting watermark, we use the watermark for copyright protection and authentication. So we can protect copyright and identify last settop`s user in illicit distribution. we design download based IPTV contents protection and authentication system using HSI watermark method.

An Efficient and User Privacy-Preserving Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a key technology for next generation wireless broadband networks showing rapid progress and inspiring numerous compelling applications. A WMN comprises of a set of mesh routers (MRs) and mesh clients (MCs), where MRs are connected to the Internet backbone through the Internet gateways (IGWs). The MCs are wireless devices and communicate among themselves over possibly multi-hop paths with or without the involvement of MRs. User privacy and security have been primary concerns in WMNs due to their peer-to-peer network topology, shared wireless medium, stringent resource constraints, and highly dynamic environment. Moreover, to support real-time applications, WMNs must also be equipped with robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols so as to minimize the end-to-end latency. Design of a secure and efficient routing protocol for WMNs, therefore, is of paramount importance. In this paper, we propose an efficient and reliable routing protocol that also provides user anonymity in WMNs. The protocol is based on an accurate estimation of the available bandwidth in the wireless links and a robust estimation of the end-to-end delay in a routing path, and minimization of control message overhead. The user anonymity, authentication and data privacy is achieved by application of a novel protocol that is based on Rivest's ring signature scheme. Simulations carried out on the proposed protocol demonstrate that it is more efficient than some of the existing routing protocols.

A Survey on Scheduling in IEEE 802.16 Mesh Mode

IEEE 802.16 standard (also known as WiMAX) defines the wireless broadband network technology which aims to solve the so called last mile problem via providing high bandwidth Internet even to the rural areas for which the cable deployment is very costly. The standard mainly focuses on the MAC and PHY layer issues, supporting two transmission modes: PMP (Point-to-Multipoint) and mesh modes. Mesh mode is an optional mode developed as an extension to PMP mode and it has the advantage of having an improving performance as more subscribers are added to the system using multi-hop routes. In 802.16 MAC protocol, mesh mode slot allocation and reservation mechanisms are left open which makes this topic a hot research area. Hence, the focus of this survey will mostly be on the mesh mode, and the proposed scheduling algorithms and performance evaluation methods.

OTP를 이용한 IPTV 콘텐츠 보호 및 인증 시스템 설계

광대역 네트워크의 발달과 함께 멀티미디어 산업의 발달은 IPTV와 같은 디지털 콘텐츠 시장의 확산을 가져오고 있다. 이러한 배경 속에서 IPTV 서비스는 일반화 대중화되었으며, 이 콘텐츠에 대한 보안 및 인증시스템도 강조 되고 있다. 따라서 콘텐츠에 암호화 기능을 수행하여 콘텐츠를 보호하고 사용권한을 제어함으로써 인증된 사용자만이 정당한 서비스를 이용할 수 있는 시스템이 필요하다. 기존의 보안 및 인증 시스템은 수신제한시스템(CAS)과 DRM(Digital Right Management)기술을 같이 접목하여 각각이 가지는 장점을 이용하였으나 비용이 많이 들고, 복잡하며, HW를 동반해야 하는 단점을 가진다. 이러한 단점을 보안하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 OTP(One Time Password)를 이용한 IPTV 콘탠츠 보호 및 인증시스템을 제안한다. OTP 암호키에 의해서 암호화된 콘텐츠를 데이터 분산기술을 이용하여 전달한다. 이때 분산서버로부터 전달받을 다른 셋탑박스의 OTP 암호키와 배타적 논리합을 통하여 전달할 셋탑박스의 OTP 암호화된 콘텐츠를 재구성하여 전달한다. 결국 다운로드 받은 콘텐츠는 OTP 암호키로 암호화된 콘텐츠이므로 재배포시 보안에 강점을 가진다. OTP는 이중 인증요소를 이용한 암호화 기법으로 보안성이 뛰어나고 SW적으로 적용 가능하여 비용절감에 효과적이며 구현이 간단하여 개발시간을 단축할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 IPTV 서비스에 적합한 새로운 콘텐츠 보호 및 인증 시스템 모델을 제안한다. While the broadband network and multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents also has been widely spreading with recently starting IPTV. As the IPTV services are getting to be generalized and popularized, the contents protection and authentication system tends to draw more attentions. So we need a system that can protect contents and allow only authenticated person to use right service by controling user authority and using content encryption. Until now, the conventional protection and authentication system is taking advantages of merits both in CAS and DRM. But the weak point of this system are in high costs, complexity and using HW. For resolving these problems, in this paper, we proposed IPTV contents protection and authentication system using OTP. When we transmit the content encrypted by OTP key using contents delivery technology, we operate XOR with contents using another settop-box's OTP key which was transmitted from distribution server. And contents are reconstructed and transmitted to the settop-box, In the end, downloaded content are encrypted by OTP key and are superior in content protection when contents redistribution. Since OTP use double-authentication elements in encryption process, this method is excellent in content protection. And it is very effective in cost aspect because it could be implemented by SW program. Another benefit is that we can shorten the development time period. In this paper, we propose and find its possibility as a new content protection and authentication method suitable for IPTV services.

On the effect of reservation period on performance of IEEE 802.16 R‐MAC protocol

AbstractThe IEEE 802.16 standard is gaining broad consideration to serve the expanding demand for broadband access networks. In this standard, the best effort traffic uses the reservation multiple access control (MAC) mechanism, which is widely adopted in recent broadband network technologies. The goal of this paper is to study the performance of the MAC protocol of the best effort traffic in the IEEE 802.16 standard with emphasis on the size of the reservation period. We use a two‐stage Markov chain model to capture all possible events on the reservation and service periods. This allows the computation of the inflow and outflow of bandwidth requests (BWRs) and their associated data packets which leads to the delay and throughput formulas. By means of illustrative examples and numerical results, validated through simulation, we investigate the key importance of the size of reservation period. We highlight potential performance improvement, through opportunistic dynamic control of the size of the reservation period to enhance the performance of reservation MAC protocol. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Design and analysis of a demand adaptive and locality aware streaming media server cluster

The wide availability of broadband networking technologies such as cable modems and DSL coupled with the growing popularity of the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in the availability and the use of online streaming media. With the “last mile” network bandwidth no longer a constraint, the bottleneck for video streaming has been pushed closer to the server. Streaming high-quality audio and video to a myriad of clients imposes significant resource demands on the server. In this work, we propose a demand adaptive and locality aware (DALA) clustered media server architecture that can dynamically allocate resources to adapt to changing demand and also maximize the number of clients serviced by the server cluster. Moreover, our design exploits temporal locality among requests by dispatching newly arriving requests to servers that are already servicing prior requests for those objects, thereby extracting the benefits of locality. We explore the efficacy of the DALA clustered architecture through both performance models and simulations. Evaluation of the models and simulation results show that DALA exhibits significant performance gains when compared to static schemes. Furthermore, our simulation results show that DALA is highly adaptive, and has a low system overhead. Our results demonstrate that DALA is a simple, yet effective approach for designing clustered media servers.

Interdomain traffic engineering in ASON/GMPLS controlled multilayer optical networks

Optical control planes such as automatically switched optical networks or generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) have been viewed as one key enabling technology for future broadband communication networks for their capabilities of dynamic provisioning of flexible and effective services. To support end-to-end service delivery in optical networks, one of the most challenging issues for the optical control plane to address is how to design traffic engineering (TE) under a heterogeneous interdomain scenario. We propose a dynamic TE scheme for interdomain multilayer optical networks that supports setting up paths transparently for both intradomain and interdomain requests. The proposed scheme also disseminates through advertisement precomputed cost tables pertaining to traffic quality of service requirements, which can help optimize the utilization of both all-optical and optical-electrical-optical resources during the TE process throughout the network. We studied the TE scheme in networks with either instantaneous status update or with periodical status update. Our simulation results show that in both cases the proposed TE scheme outperforms existing TE solutions by setting up intradomain and interdomain paths integrally using the cost tables. Furthermore, we find that optimal network status update interval should vary with traffic load.

Asynchronous Learning

This paper presents a discussion of emerging pedagogical, technical and regulatory issues in asynchronous learning. Based on discussions with several faculty members with more than 6 years of e-teaching experience, as well as administrators and business advisory board members, the paper presents several ongoing experiments and discusses the authors’ experiences with asynchronous learning. The paper should be useful for universities considering asynchronous learning, as well as businesses entering the asynchronous learning software market. The paper discusses the needs and opportunities for developing products compatible with emerging standards such as shareable content object reference model (SCORM), up-and-coming mobile broadband network technologies like 4G and identification technologies such as active RFID.

DIGITAL REPOSITORIES: ALL HYPE AND NO SUBSTANCE?

The development of digital repositories has been a recent one, starting in late 2000 when the UK's University of Southampton released a software package called E-Prints. Since that time, the establishment of digital repositories has gained momentum. Factors such as the falling costs for online storage, the increase of broadband and gigabit networking technologies, as well as the development of metadata standards to describe repository content, have all contributed to their current popularity. Questions to be asked are: to what extent are digital repositories, as a method for communicating scientific and scholarly information, accepted or are they just hype?; how mature are institutional repositories as a technology?; and, to what extent are institutional repositories used by faculty and researchers? The Gartner hype curve is a tool introduced by the Gartner Group in the 1990s to explain general phenomena of interest in new technologies. This framework plots the typical progression of a technology from its early introduction through its maturation to broad market acceptance. The first question is answered by an investigation into the status of digital repositories in the context of the Gartner hype curve. The second question is answered by plotting institutional repositories on the product life cycle (Sigmoid curve) and the third question is answered by applying the diffusion of innovation theory to institutional repositories.

Knowledge creation through networked strategic communities: Case studies on new product development in Japanese companies

This article provides a new point of view regarding the knowledge management of new product development, a high-tech field requiring the merging and integration of different technologies. Case studies examine the dynamism of the knowledge creation process at Fujitsu Ltd. as it merges and integrates the different elements of broadband network technology, computer and software technology, and multimedia processing technology, and these observations are analysed and compared with the NPD processes at other manufacturers. To achieve the desired product development, a strategic team at Fujitsu, consisting mainly of undisclosed cross-functional middle managers, swiftly transcended Fujitsu's business divisions to form strategic communities inside and outside the company, including customers, and then networked the communities together. The synthesizing capability of the network Leader Group enabled Fujitsu to build new business models aimed at customers and achieve a successful outcome ahead of Japanese competitors.