Broadband Monopole Antenna Research Articles

Modeling and performance enhancement of compact FSS based low‐profile broadband monopole antenna

SummaryIn this research work, a compact‐sized offset‐fed broadband monopole antenna is designed using a frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector to enhance gain, radiation efficiency, and FBR and validated experimentally. The designed antenna consists of a triple v‐slit on a rectangular‐shaped radiating patch, a modified partial ground, and a frequency‐selective surface (FSS). It exhibits a ‐10 dB impedance bandwidth of 9.37 GHz (6.55–15.92 GHz) and a fractional bandwidth of 83.4%, yielding significant portions of the C‐band (4–8 GHz), the X‐band (8 GHz–12 GHz), and covering a considerable part of the Ku‐band (12–18 GHz). The proposed prototype equivalent circuit model has been developed progressively to validate the electromagnetic simulation results. The measured peak gain is 14.25 dBi (6.8 dBi without FSS) at 14.2 GHz with an average radiation efficiency of ≥ 96% for the FSS integrated antenna. Furthermore, the proposed design improves the front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) by 15 dB throughout the broadband frequency range. The proposed antenna peak gain, reflection coefficient (S11), radiation efficiency, and radiation patterns show adequate similarity between the tested and simulated results and have numerous advantages, including very compact size, simple structure, minimum S11 (dB), high gain, and broadband capability.

Efficient Microstrip Monopole Antenna Design for Multi Technology Wireless Applications

The demand for compact, efficient antennas capable of supporting multiple wireless communication standards continues to drive innovation in the field. In this paper, we present a novel approach to designing microstrip monopole antennas, leveraging a unique set of design equations to achieve superior performance across 3GHz and 6GHz frequency bands. Additionally, we explore the development of array antennas by combining two microstrip monopoles, offering enhanced gain and radiation characteristics compared to single-element designs. By varying array substrate material, we aim to further optimize performance for applications such as WiFi, LTE, and WiMax. Keywords- Microstrip antenna, broadband monopole antenna, dual band monopole antenna, compact monopole.

A parasitic patch loaded staircase shaped UWB MIMO antenna having notch band for WBAN applications

A staircase-shaped quasi-fractal antenna is presented to meet the requirements of compact electronics operating in UWB or E-UWB spectrum. A conventional broadband monopole antenna is converted into UWB antenna utilizing three iterations of fractal patches. The resultant antenna offers wide impedance bandwidth ranges 2.3–17.8 GHz, having a notch band at 6.1–7.2 GHz. Afterwards, a two-port MIMO antenna is created by placing the second element orthogonally with an edge-to-edge distance of 8.5 mm, that is λ/15 where λ corresponds to free space wavelength at the lowest cut-off frequency. Hereafter, a meandered line-shaped stub is inserted to reduce the mutual coupling between closely spaced MIMO elements to less than −25 dB. As the intended application of the proposed work is On-body, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses are carried out at 2.4, 5.8 and 8 GHz, showing an acceptable range for both 1-g and 10-g averaged tissues standards. Moreover, various parameters of the MIMO antenna are studied, and a comparison is made between simulated and measured results as well as those of the state of the art.

Broadband Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna for sub‐6‐GHz 5G communications

SummaryThis paper presents the design of a miniaturized broadband monopole antenna for 5G and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications in mobile handsets. The proposed monopole evolved from a rectangular geometry of size 12 × 5 mm. The slot and stub loading techniques are used to improve the impedance matching offered by the antenna. Furthermore, bandwidth broadening is achieved using lumped elements loaded onto the aperture of the antenna. The proposed miniaturized antenna exhibits a measured impedance bandwidth of 63.6% (3.0–5.8 GHz) covering the 5G spectrum allocations under sub‐6 GHz and the WLAN services. The antenna elements are replicated along the sides of the mock mobile handset PCB to study the functionality of the eight‐element MIMO antenna. The prototype MIMO antenna fabricated and tested in the laboratory offers a peak gain of 3 dBi and total efficiency greater than 72%. Owing to miniaturization, the spatial distribution of the antenna element provides a low envelope correlation (ECC) of less than 0.2 and good diversity gain (DG) greater than 7.8 dB. In addition, the mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), multiplexing efficiency (ME), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are evaluated and presented. The estimated MIMO metrics are within the desired range of operation and hence make the antenna suitable for a complex propagation environment. The prototype antenna is developed on a thin microwave laminate with low‐loss characteristics and tested under laboratory conditions. The outcomes indicate that the proposed eight‐element antenna can be applied to 5G MIMO communications.

Hexagonal CSRR Based Broadband Monopole Antenna at UHF-Band

Hexagonal CSRR Based Broadband Monopole Antenna at UHF-Band by Suleyman Meliksah Yayan 1,* , Ali Furkan Aslan 2 1 EEE, Baskent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey2 EEE, Istanbul Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Journal of Engineering Research and Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 9, Page # 1-7, 2022; DOI:

Miniaturized broadband monopole antenna in 130nm CMOS with gain improvement

Miniaturized broadband monopole antenna in 130nm CMOS with gain improvement

Frequency-Selective Surface Stopband Designed with a Genetic Algorithm for Gain Enhancement of a Broadband Monopole Antenna

This paper presents an unusual, high-performance, cost-efficient, wideband frequency-selective surface (FSS) designed with a genetic algorithm (GA) and its effect on the performance of a broadband M-shaped monopole antenna. Each FSS unit cell with the dimensions of 0.2λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.2λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.01λ<sub>0</sub> acts as a stopband filter for a wide bandwidth of 5.5 GHz (105%, 2.6–8.1 GHz). The FSS properties and advantages to antennas were tested via numerical simulations and measurements, respectively. Using the 6×6 array of the designed FSS unit cell as a reflector, the antenna impedance bandwidth improved from 96.1% (3.1–8.1 GHz) to 98.07% (3.3–8.4 GHz), with a center frequency of 5.2 GHz. In addition, the antenna gain improved at the maximum of 7.8 dBi, which was sustained from 9 dBi to 10.1 dBi for the entire bandwidth.

On geometry parameterization for simulation-driven design closure of antenna structures

Full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools have become ubiquitous in antenna design, especially final tuning of geometry parameters. From the reliability standpoint, the recommended realization of EM-driven design is through rigorous numerical optimization. It is a challenging endeavor with the major issues related to the high computational cost of the process, but also the necessity of handling several objectives and constraints over often highly-dimensional parameter spaces. From the numerical perspective, making decisions about the formulation of the optimization problem, the approach to handling the design constraints, but also parameterization of the antenna geometry, are all non-trivial. At the same time, these issues are interleaved, and may play an important role in the performance and reliability of the simulation-based design closure process. This paper demonstrates that the approach to arranging the structure parameterization (e.g., the use of absolute or relative parameters) may have a major effect of the optimization outcome. Our investigations are carried out using three broadband monopole antennas optimized under different scenarios and using different parameterizations. In particular, the results indicate that relative parameterization is preferred for optimization of input characteristics, whereas absolute parameterization is more suitable for size reduction.

Small size monopole antenna with tri-band notch characteristics for broadband application

Abstract In this research article, the design of a broadband monopole antenna with triband notch characteristics is proposed. Notch characteristics are achieved by using an E-shaped slot on the patch and a U-shaped slot on the 50 Ω microstrip feed line. An E-shaped slot is introduced on the metal patch to reject one frequency band of 6.6 − 7.5 GHz and when an additional U-shaped slot is introduced on the microstrip feed line, it provides two-notch frequency bands of 4.8 − 5.7 GHz and 14.2 − 17.5 GHz. The notch bands are effectively used to avoid undesired interference from the WLAN, C band, and Ku band. The proposed antenna provides a very broad frequency range from 3.3 − 19.5 GHz except for three notch bands. The antenna is small in size and easy to design with only a volume of 29 mm × 21mm × 1.6 mm. The antenna is useful for broadband applications.

Train-mounted Broadband Monopole Antenna for 5G Communication

As a convenient and efficient public transport system, high speed railway (HSR) was rapidly deployed in China. Since the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system is commercially applied, it is necessary for mobile terminals antennas to cover multiple operating bands to be compatible with various communication systems. Here a HSR-mounted broadband and high-gain monopole antenna is proposed. By using the meander technology and introducing the tapered structure, the proposed antenna operates over a bandwidth of 694-960 MHz and 1350-5975 MHz (VSWR<1.8), which covers both 2G-5G mobile communication and WiFi frequency bands. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 400 mm × 330 mm × 78 mm. The measured average gain is 6.11 dBi over the entire bandwidth.

Design of Broadband and Dual-band Monopole Antennas applicable in Various Wireless Fields

Design of Broadband and Dual-band Monopole Antennas applicable in Various Wireless Fields

Double E Shaped Dual Broadband Monopole Antenna for Application in Communication Field

A printed dual broadband monopole antenna has been presented here for WLAN and WIMAX applications. The antenna is designed with the help of simulation software HFSS and proposed antenna is fabricated to verify the simulated results with the measured results. The patch of the proposed antenna consists of two identical metallic structures which are like English letter “E” and are placed face to face to each other. Now, the lower arms of E-shaped structures are connected together with a rectangular microstrip transmission line of length 15 mm and width 3.06 mm to form the proposed patch. The proposed “E” shape patch is printed on FR4 substrate of height 1.6 mm, relative permittivity εr= 4.4, and loss tangent 0.02. The ground plane of the proposed antenna consists of partial rectangular metal at opposite side of the patch. The proposed antenna achieves dual band characteristics using the proposed structure. The measured results show that the proposed structure covers the transmission bands from 2.45 GHz to 3.66 GHz with center frequency of 3.0 GHz and from 4.16 GHz to 5.94 GHz with center frequency of 5.37 GHz. There is a good impedance matching between measurement result and computer simulated results. The measured percentage bandwidths have been obtained by 39.1 % and 35.24 %, respectively. The peak gain (measured) at 3 GHz and 5.37 GHz resonant frequencies are 3 dBi and 4 dBi, respectively. This proposed antenna also exhibits with monopole like E-Plane and H-plane co-polarization radiation pattern at two center frequencies. The obtained bands are useful for WLAN and WiMAX applications.

Design and development broadband monopole antenna for in-door application

This paper describes the broadband monopole antenna refers to a signal wideband of the frequencies, which can be divided the signal into channels of the frequency bins. Aim this paper to design and development broadband monopole antenna. The monopole antenna was designed by adding slot to the radiated patch antenna with a single feed line, which reduced the size and the design complexity. A rectangular patch antenna was presented using feed line to decrease the ground plane with a suitable gap distance. The broadband monopole antenna was designed with a frequency range of 800 MHz–3 GHz, with Bandwidth 0.66(dB), reflection coefficients and return loss. The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance was included. It can be used in various broadband applications in used commercially for various communication systems such as 4G (LTE), WiMAX and WLAN (LTE), remote sensing, biomedical, and mobile wireless. Apart from that, this technology is environment-friendly; an antenna which consists of reception and transmission. The antenna is simulated by using computer simulation (CST) software; a low cost of 4.4 permittivity FR-4 substrate is used. The measurement result is accepted with simulation result, proving the acceptable broadband operation for this proposed structure.

A re-transmitted chipless tag using CSRR coupled structure

To reduce the cost of the traditional RFID tags, a re-transmitted chipless tag based on high Q CSRR structure working on UWB frequency band is proposed, which is composed of two orthogonal polarization transmitting and receiving microstrip broadband monopole antennas, loaded with multiple CSRR resonators. Data encoding is utilized the hybrid encoding technology by the significantly spectral signature of the high-Q CSRR resonator and the different amplitude on the same frequency point. The coding capacity is achieved 84 bits, which is far greater than other structures chipless tag. Several typical re-transmitted chipless tags based on CSRR structure are designed by HFSS software. The results of simulation and test are well agreeable to verify the feasibility of the proposed tag such tag, and it has low cost, narrow bandwidth and compact structure. It can be applied to low-cost logistics, production line management and other fields.

A Broadband Stepped Monopole Antenna with Loop Ground

In this paper, a broadband monopole antenna for next generation wireless communications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of rectangular loop ground and a stepped monopole radiator. By employing a simple two-step monopole radiator, a third resonance is introduced, thereby achieving broadband characteristics. The antenna is printed on FR4 substrate and has a compact overall dimension of (50 mm × 63 mm × 1.6 mm). At |S11| < −10 dB, the simulated and measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 93.2% (1.61–4.425 GHz) and 95.2% (1.69–4.762 GHz), respectively. The proposed antenna covers most of the LTE bands in the frequency range from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz and newer LTE bands in the range from 3.4 to 3.8 GHz. Also, the antenna exhibits stable omnidirectional radiation pattern and has gain varying from 3.2 to 4.8 dBi. Furthermore, the lumped element equivalent circuit model is presented and it validates three resonant modes of the proposed antenna.

U‐shape broadband monopole antenna with modified ground plane

ABSTRACTIn this article an U‐shape broadband monopole antenna with rectangular slots loaded ground plane has been designed and analysis. The proposed antenna covers the frequency band of (1.55–8.55 GHz) with multiresonating frequency at 1.65, 2.9, and 7.95 GHz. The effect of movement of radiating patch on the dielectric substrate and the effect of slots on the ground plane are studied. The maximum impedance bandwidth of 138% (simulated) and 142% (measured) with maximum peak gain 3.59 dBi (simulated) and 4 dBi (measured) are obtained. It is very much useful in modern wireless communication systems as an electronics device. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2544–2547, 2016

A Grating Monopole Antenna on Metamaterial Using MSRR for DVB-T Application

This work presents a novel broadband monopole antenna for digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) application. The proposed antenna consists of a grating patch and a concave rectangular ground plane with defected ground plane, and the Multiple Split-Ring Resonator (MSRR). The added part in the ground plane and the meta-material are used to enable the antenna height reduction for fixed ranges of operating frequency. The antenna can operate from 468 MHz to 894 MHz frequency range corresponding to 62.5% of impedance bandwidth for |S11|&lt;-7.5 dB. Details of the proposed antenna designs and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented and discussed.

Broadband C-Shaped Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna

A novel broadband monopole antenna with circular polarization (CP) is designed and fabricated. It consists of a C-shaped monopole, an open-loop on the backside of the monopole and a modified ground plane. By placing a rectangular open-loop coplanar with the ground plane and connecting a rectangular vertical stub to the ground plane, wide impedance bandwidth is achieved, and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of the antenna could be improved simultaneously. The measured results exhibit a 65.2% (4.14 GHz, 4.28–8.42 GHz) CP bandwidth, and the 10-dB impedance bandwidth is 87.7% (6.66 GHz, 4.26–10.92 GHz). Finally, by placing a reflector underneath the antenna with its structural dimensions unchanged, one can obtain unidirectional radiation patterns with greatly improved gains. The advantages of the proposed antenna are the simple structure, a compact size, and a broad 3-dB AR bandwidth.

Compact Wideband Vivaldi Monopole for LTE Mobile Communications

A novel compact broadband monopole antenna inspired by a Vivaldi antenna is presented. In order to get a compact solution, the profile of a slot Vivaldi antenna has been modified and a wideband antenna covering LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900, WCDMA2100, Bluetooth, WiMAX2350, WLAN2400, and LTE2600 standards has been obtained, with a size reduction length of 30% over conventional $\lambda /4$ monopole antennas. In contrast to traditional designs using Vivaldi antennas, a compact design with omnidirectional radiation pattern is proposed. Simulated and measured results are provided, which verify the broadband behavior of the antenna. In addition, the proposed design is perpendicularly mounted to a ground plane, being then suitable for mobile communications in vehicular applications.

Broadband monopole antenna with split ring resonator loaded substrate for good impedance matching

ABSTRACTA coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antenna with split ring resonator (SRR) loaded substrate is introduced to obtain good impedance matching over a wide band of frequency. SRR is loaded on the backside of the substrate used to obtain a wideband covering from 3.87 to 7.63 GHz, which covers the 5 GHz WLAN and 5.8 GHz RFID applications. The size of the antenna is 31 × 24.57 × 1.6 mm3. A prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. The radiation pattern measured at resonance is omnidirectional in the H‐plane and bidirectional in the E‐plane. Details of the proposed antenna design and measured results are presented and discussed. The measured peak antenna gain is 2.51 dBi. SRR characteristics are also discussed to validate the results and parametric study of SRR is also done. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2388–2392, 2014