Broadband Millimeter-wave Antenna Research Articles

Broadband Millimeter-Wave Antenna in Package With L-Probed E-Shaped Patch Covering 57 GHz to 71 GHz

In this work, millimeter-wave antenna-in-package (AiP) with L-probed E-shaped patch covering from 57–71 GHz is proposed. By combining the characteristics of E-shaped and L-probe patch, broadband <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array AiP is designed based on a new antenna element covering from 57–71 GHz. Assuming that the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 array is placed in the first quadrant, the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 array will be made by mirroring in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quadrants, respectively, so the antenna elements should not be positioned outside the first quadrant. The proposed AiP shows 6.9 dBi peak measured gain for the antenna element with 3.2 dB fluctuation for the 57–71 GHz frequency band. In addition, the proposed antenna shows an impedance-matching characteristic of at least −8.3 dB in a given band. The fabricated <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 AiP was connected via bond wire to a four-element phased array transmit beamformer IC and the beam-forming characteristics were verified.