Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

A low‐profile wideband microstrip patch antenna using double half‐mode resonances

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized broadband microstrip patch antenna with a simple geometry. The radiation patch of this antenna comprises two rectangular patches with slightly different sizes, one side of each patch is grounded by metal via‐holes. Two rectangular patches are connected by a microstrip line and fed by a single port. Two rectangular patches produce two closely resonant frequencies achieving broadband performance. This antenna operates on the resonant method of short‐circuiting on one side. Metal via‐holes act as a short‐circuit wall allowing each patch to operate in TM0.5,0 mode. The size of a 1/4 wavelength resonant patch is only half of a conventional microstrip antenna, the overall size of this antenna is almost as same as a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, making it compact in size. The wideband is achieved by combining two radiating patches, resulting in stable radiation and flat gain. Measurement results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.355.10 GHz (15.8%) using a common dielectric substrate without air layer thickness additionally. The maximum measured realized gain is 4.61 dB. This antenna has advantages of wide bandwidth, low profile, flat gain and ease of manufacturing.

A Diamond-type Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Folded Floor

A Diamond-type Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Folded Floor

A wideband monopolar patch antenna with a high system fidelity factor for IR‐UWB application

AbstractA compact, broadband microstrip patch antenna with stable monopole‐like radiation patterns is proposed for impulse‐radio ultrawideband (IR‐UWB) positioning systems. Such the antenna consists of a circular patch with eight conductive vias placed concentrically, resulting in the and modes. Moreover, a tapered feeding probe at its center is presented to enhance the matching and excite an antiresonance mode. The compact size of is obtained by using a square ground. The measured results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 44.1% from 6 to 9.4 GHz and stable monopole‐like radiation patterns in the frequency domain. Finally, a system fidelity factor larger than 96% and a relatively stable group delay are simulated and measured in the time domain. Therefore, this antenna can be potentially useful for UWB pulse transmission with attractive features in engineering applications.

The Development of Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

The small volume of microstrip antennas has low production costs and easy production, which has accelerated the work in this area. The disadvantages are narrow bandwidth and low gain. In wireless communication, antennas with low return loss and high bandwidth are required. The bandwidth and power gain of the microstrip patch antennas should be increased optimally. This article presents the design of the broadband microstrip patch antenna operating in the ISM 2.4 GHz band (2400-2485 MHz). The study includes three-dimensional antenna model, simulation phase and fabrication / measurement phase. For the low cost of the antenna, FR-4 with the relative dielectric constant 4.3 and the loss tangent tan 0.02 is preferred as the substrate material. Dielectric material thickness is determined as 1.6 mm. The length of the feed line and the dimensions of the rectangular patch were found by mathematical calculations with the transmission line model. There are slots on the antenna, which is a very simple method in order to improve the bandwidth, gain and directivity parameters of the antenna. In the article, four different designs are presented, the results are compared and the proposed antenna has 979 MHz bandwidth and 2.68 dBi directivity gain at -10 dB at the resonance frequency of 2.316 GHz. The changes made in the antenna design have improved the results such as gain and bandwidth compared to the conventional microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna is suitable for use in mobile communication.

Design of a broadband U-slot loaded E-shaped patch antenna using characteristic mode analysis

This article introduces a characteristic mode analysis (CMA) based broadband and high gain microstrip patch antenna by embedding U-slot into an E-shaped patch in a single-layer radiating structure. The design and analysis of the antenna utilize the CMA to obtain the inherent modal currents induced in the E-shaped radiator. Out of possible radiating intrinsic modes, an undesired higher-order mode (HOM), adjacent to the upper band of the E-shaped patch, is efficiently excited with a secondary radiating slot (U-slot) to increase the bandwidth. Additionally, the U-slot creates another HOM with proper polarization and broadside radiation. Consequently, the overlapping of these new excited modes with the primary operating band of the E-shaped patch exhibits a broader bandwidth of 64.7% (4.7–9.2 GHz) and a peak gain of 10.6 dBi with an overall dimension of 1.4λ0×1.4λ0×0.1λ0 (λ0 being the free-space wavelength at a centre frequency of ≃ 7 GHz). The fabricated prototype agrees well with the simulation results, and the radiation patterns remain consistent over the entire bandwidth. Due to planar and broadband features, the proposed antenna is suitable for low-cost WLAN, Wi-Max, Wi-Fi 6E, and sub-6 GHz applications.

Design and Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 80 GHz

Abstract— Wireless technology is one among the foremost significant topics to research within the world of communication systems and therefore the study of communication systems is incomplete without an understanding of the operation and fabrication of antennas. This was the main reason for choosing our mini-project specializing in this field of research. A BroadBand and High bandwidth Microstrip Patch Antenna is chosen for designing and simulation as they have low fabrication cost and hence are manufactured in large quantities. A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna is designed using Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a ‘tree’ shape. The software used for designing and simulation purposes is Ansoft HFSS 15.0. Keywords— Microstrip Patch Antenna, Rogers RT Duroid 5880, High Bandwidth, Ansoft HFSS 15.0

Developing Broadband Microstrip Patch Antennas Fed by SIW Feeding Network for Spatially Low Cross-Polarization Situation.

A stacked multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) microstrip patch antenna with broadband operating bandwidth and low cross-polarization radiation is provided. A complete study on the propagating element bandwidth and cross polarization level is presented to demonstrate the importance of the design. The proposed antenna includes three stacked printed circuit board (PCB) layers, including one layer for the radiating 2 × 2 rectangular patch elements and two SIW PCB layers for the feeding network. There are two common methods for excitation in cavity-backed patch antennas: probe feeding (PF) and aperture coupling (AC). PF can be used to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. Although this method increases the antenna’s bandwidth, it produces a strong cross-polarized field. The AC method can be used to suppress cross-polarized fields in microstrip patch antennas. As microstrip patch antennas are inherently narrowband, the AC method has little effect on their bandwidth. This paper proposes an antenna that is simultaneously fed by AC and PF. As a result of this innovation, the operating bandwidth of the antenna has increased, and cross-polarization has been reduced. Actually, the combination of probe feeding and aperture coupling schemes leads to achieving a broadband operating bandwidth. The arrangement of radiator elements and cavities implements a mirrored excitation technique while maintaining a low cross-polarization level. In both numerical and experimental solutions, a less than −30 dB cross-polarization level has been achieved for all of the main directions. A fractional impedance bandwidth of 29.8% (10.55–14.25 GHz) for < −10-dB is measured for the proposed array. Simulated and measured results illustrate good agreement. Having features like low cost, light weight, compactness, broadband, integration capabilities, and low cross-polarization level makes the designed antenna suitable for remote-sensing and satellite applications.

Compact Broadband Microstrip Triangular Antennas Fed By Folded Triangular Patch for Wireless Applications

This study presents two new designs of reduced size broadband microstrip patch antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) operation. A folded triangular patch’s feeding technique, V-shaped slot, half V-shaped slot and shorting pins are employed to design the suggested antennas. The shorting pins are applied at the edge of structures to miniaturize the size of the patches. The suggested design with the V-shaped slot provides the measured impedance bandwidth (S11˂-10 dB) of 3.91-12 GHz (101.7%) for broadband application. In the suggested design with the V-shaped slot, the wide bandwidth with an acceptable size reduction is achieved. By introducing a suggested half design with the half V-shaped slot, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed half structure is improved from 4 to 17.22 GHz. The half design includes a measured impedance bandwidth of 124.6% with reduced size of more than 93% compared to the corresponding full design and an enhanced measured bandwidth of 23%. The obtained radiation and impedance results show that the suggested designs are applicable for wideband operation. Besides, the effects of some basic concepts and surface currents on the suggested structures are investigated to explain their broadband performance.

Design of high gain broadband microstrip patch antenna for UWB/X/Ku band applications

A miniature (20 mm × 14 mm × 1.6 mm) microstrip line fed broadband antenna with high gain is proposed in this research work. The proposed antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 19.5 GHz (5 GHz-24.5 GHz) with a fractional bandwidth of 132% which covers major portion of UWB band (3.1 GHz −10.6 GHz), X band (8 GHz-12 GHz), Ku band (12 GHz-18 GHz) and large part of K band (18 GHz-27 GHz).A single layer frequency selective surface (FSS) is integrated with the proposed antenna to enhance the gain of 5.9 dBi over the entire frequency band. 6 × 6 FSS layer (52.8 mm × 52.8 mm × 1.6 mm) is kept below the proposed antenna at suitable distance without hampering the reflection coefficient and flat gain characteristics of the antenna. Proposed antenna and FSS structure are designed and simulated by using CST Microwave Studio simulator and both are built on FR-4 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness with relative dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4, loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.02. The overall dimension of the proposed FSS integrated antenna is 52.8 mm × 52.8 mm × 21.2 mm, which is highly relevant for high-gain applications. Simulated results are validated experimentally by standard Microwave Test bench.

Broadband microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications

In this paper, a 28 GHz broadband microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) for 5G wireless applications is presented. The Rogers RT/Duroid5880 substrate material, with a dielectric constant of 2.2, the thickness of 0.3451 mm, and loss tangent of 0.0009, is used for the studied antenna to operate at 28 GHz center frequency. The proposed design of antenna is simulated by using CST studio suite. The simulation results highlight that the studied antenna has a return loss of -54.49 dB, a bandwidth of 1.062 GHz, a gain of 7.554 dBi. Besides, radiation efficiency and the sidelobe level of the proposed MSPA are 98% and 18.4 dB, respectively. As compared to previous MSPA designs reported in the recent scientific literature, the proposed rectangular MSPA has achieved significantly improved performance in terms of the bandwidth, beam-gain, return loss, sidelobe level, and radiation efficiency. Hence, it is a potential contender antenna type for emerging 5G wireless communication applications.

Bandwidth and gain improvement for reduced size of stacked microstrip antenna fed by folded triangular patch with half V‐shaped slot

This study presents a new stacked design of reduced size broadband microstrip patch antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) operation. A folded triangular patch's feeding technique, half V-shaped slot and shorting pins are employed to design the proposed stacked antenna. Shorting pins are applied at the edge of structure to miniaturize the size of the patch. The proposed design with the half V-shaped slot and without stacked patch provides the measured impedance bandwidth (S11˂−10 dB) of 115.7% (4.35-16.3 GHz) for broadband application. In the proposed design with the half V-shaped slot, the wide bandwidth with an acceptable size reduction is achieved. By adding a stacked element on the upper patch, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is improved from 3.47 to 17.35 GHz. The stacked design includes a measured impedance bandwidth of 133.3% with reduced sizes of more than 78% compared to the corresponding full design and an enhanced maximum gain of 6.2 dBi. The obtained radiation and impedance results show that the proposed design is applicable for wideband operation. Besides, the effects of some basic concepts and surface currents on the suggested structure are investigated to explain their broadband performance.

Design and Analysis of Dual Polarized Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G mmWave Antenna Module on FR4 Substrate

This study presents a dual polarized broadband microstrip patch antenna for a 5G mmWave antenna module on an FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna was fabricated using a standard FR4 printed circuit board (PCB) process because of its low cost and ease of mass production. The electrical properties of the FR4 substrate in the 5G mmWave frequency band were also characterized. An air cavity structure was introduced to mitigate the high loss tangent of the FR4 substrate. Capacitive elements such as proximity L-probe feedings and parasitic patches are used to improve the impedance bandwidth of the patch antenna. For the polarization diversity of the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capability, the antenna radiator was designed with a symmetrical structure, and the relative position of the L-probes excites the orthogonal resonant modes to enable dual linear polarization. The operation principle of the proposed antenna was thoroughly analyzed by characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The measured bandwidth of a single antenna was 23.1 % (23 ~ 29 GHz) and the gain value was 5 dBi. The measured cross-polarization suppression ratio of single antenna was 15 ~ 20 dB. The measured gain value of $1\times 4$ antenna array was 10 ~ 11 dBi and the cross-polarization suppression ratio was about 20 dB. The size of the proposed single antenna is $0.41\lambda _{0}\times 0.41\lambda _{0}\times 0.1\lambda _{0}$ , and that of a $1\times 4$ antenna array is $2.78\lambda _{0}\times 0.41\lambda _{0}\times 0.1\lambda _{0}$ . The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) was calculated and was lower than 0.02 in the 5G mmWave frequency band.

Askeri Uydu Haberleşmesi için Mikroşerit Yama Anten Tasarımı

In this paper, a broadband and high gain microstrip patch antenna was designed with a microstrip feeding technique to operate in the electromagnetic spectrum in the X band in the frequency range of 7.2 8.4 GHz, which is allocated for use in military sate llite communication. In this design, Rogers RT / duroid 5880 material with a thickness of 3.175mm, dielectric coefficient of 2.2 and tangent loss (tan δ) of 0.0009 was selected and simulated on the HFSS program. Since the antenna sizes calculated by numerical methods are difficult to adjust to operate in appropriate frequency ranges, the dimensions of the antenna designed using the genetic algorithm, which is a part of artificial intelligence optimization algorithms, have been optimized to work in the desir ed frequency ranges. According to the designed antenna simulation results, it operates in the frequency ranges of 7.06 8.41 GHz and the designed antenna has a bandwidth of approximately 1.35 GHz = 17.25%. At 7.825 GHz center frequency, the antenna's gain is approximately 7.2 dB. In order to increase the bandwidth of the designed antenna, a second antenna design was realized by optimizing the dimensions of the antenna covered with copper and microstrip feeding. The second antenna designed as a result of th e changes made on the antenna operates in the frequency ranges of 6.74 9.69 GHz and the designed antenna has a bandwidth of approximately 2.95 GHz = 37.7%. At the central frequency of 7.825 GHz, the antenna's gain is approximately 6.63 dB.

Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna with improved characteristics and its performance at 5.1GHz for Wireless Applications

Despite the many advantages of microstrip patch antennas, they do have some considerable drawbacks. One of the main limitations with patch antennas is their inherently narrowband performance due to its resonant nature. With bandwidth as low as a few percent; broadband applications using conventional patch designs are limited. The paper presents a broadband microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication. In its most basic form, a microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. The patch is generally made of conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. A rectangular patch is used as the main radiator. There are several advantages of this type of broadband antenna, such as planar, small in size, simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to be fabricated, thus attractive for practical applications. This rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless communication application that works at 2.4 GHz with gain 11 d B for outdoor place. It also has a wide angle of beam in its radiation pattern. The results obtain that microstrip patch antenna can be used as client antenna in computer and workable antenna for wireless fidelity.

A compact and wideband array antenna with efficient hybrid feed network

This study presents a high-efficient, compact, and broadband microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) based on substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) for X-band applications. The proposed array consists of three stacked layers from top to bottom, including one layer as the antenna layer and two SIW layers as a feeding network. The performance was focused on improving the impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency by mitigating the loss from the feed network while also maintaining the compact design. To this end, the SIW feeding network was designed to feed the MPA to save the physical aperture size which resulted in a more compact and efficient radiating structure. The overall size of the proposed array is compact and extra surface area around the radiation aperture has not been occupied. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth span is from 8.9 to 10.9 GHz (20.2%). The maximum measured gain at 10.6 GHz is 10.6 dBi. The results show that the simulated radiation efficiency and the measured aperture efficiency are more than 75% and 50%, respectively. The fabricated array exhibits great advantages such as wide operating bandwidth, lightweight, low-cost, high aperture efficiency, high radiation efficiency, and compactness which make it a good candidate for X-band applications.

A Wideband Differential-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Radiation of Three Resonant Modes

A wideband differential-fed microstrip patch antenna based on radiation of three resonant modes of TM12, TM30, and slot is proposed in this paper. Firstly, two symmetrical rectangular slots are cut on the radiating patch where the zero-current position of the TM30 mode excites another resonant slot mode. In addition, the slot’s length is enlarged to decrease the frequency of the slot mode with little effect on that of the TM30 mode. To further expand the impedance bandwidth, the width of patch is reduced to increase the frequency of the TM12 mode, while having little influence on that of the TM30 and slot modes. Moreover, a pair of small rectangular strips is adopted on the top of the feeding probes to achieve a good impedance matching. Finally, based on the arrangements above, a broadband microstrip patch antenna with three in-band minima is realized. The results show that the impedance bandwidth (Sdd11&lt;−10 dB) of the proposed antenna is extended to 35.8% at the profile of 0.067 free-space wavelength. Meanwhile, the proposed antenna maintains a stable radiation pattern in the operating band.

Broadband and High-Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna Loaded With Parasitic Mushroom-Type Structure

This letter presents a novel broadband microstrip patch antenna with a simple geometry. Two parasitic mushroom-type arrays are incorporated along with the two radiating edges of a main radiating patch. First, thanks to the mushroom-type structure, a new resonant mode, characterized as quasi-TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">30</sub> mode, is generated. Besides, the main radiating patch produces the original TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> mode. Thus, wideband performance is realized on the basis of the two combined modes. Second, the current distributions on those metal patches are nearly uniform so that high gains are achieved over the entire operating bandwidth. Measured results indicate that the enhanced impedance bandwidth is from 11.9 to 18.2 GHz, which covers the whole Ku-band. Meanwhile, a nearly constant peak-radiating gain between 10 and 10.5 dBi at broadside radiation is obtained. The proposed antenna maintains the advantages of wide bandwidth, ease of fabrication, flat and high gains, and a low profile less than λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /13 thickness substrate.

Compact broadband frequency selective microstrip antenna and its application to indoor positioning systems for wireless networks

This study presents a low-profile broadband microstrip patch antenna with filtering response. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch and four parasitic gap-coupled elements, two L- and two rectangular-shaped patches. A broadband quasi-elliptic boresight gain response is obtained without using any extra filtering circuits. The input impedance of each radiating element, i.e., driven patch and parasitic elements, is matched to its radiating quality factor and the couplings between patches are optimised for broadband impedance bandwidth with filtering response. Prototype hardware is designed and fabricated on Kappa 438 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 3.2 mm. The antenna exhibits a total size of 25 × 23 × 3.2 mm3 with relative impedance bandwidth (voltage standing wave ratio<2) of 60% ranging from 4.4 to 7.8 GHz. The experimental results demonstrate good performance with nearly flat gain and good filtering response. The proposed filtering antenna exhibits low pulse distortion in time domain which makes it a good candidate for location-aware Internet-of-things applications employing the IEEE 802.15.4 ultra-wideband standard. Switchable sector base-station antenna system is studied to demonstrate the capability of this design to enhance the localisation and communication performance of the wireless network.

Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

A high-gain broadband microstrip patch antenna using a PTFE substrate of dielectric constant 2.4 with a modified radiating patch is proposed. Two different shapes of ground planes (rectangular and circular) have been used under the proposed radiating patch to enhance the antenna gain. The lateral dimensions of the proposed patch are 0.52λ 0 × 0.51λ 0, where λ 0 is the free space wavelength at f0 = 5.65 GHz. Here a total of five slits and a slot are embedded at the optimum position on the proposed patch. The effects of each slits on bandwidth and gain are demonstrated. The covered frequency band is 2 GHz (5.5–7.5 GHz). The achieved peak gains are 7 dBi at 5.65 GHz and 9 dBi at 7.5 GHz. The percentage bandwidth of 30.77 is achieved. It may be used in industrial, scientific and medical band, WLAN (5.8 GHz), WiMAX, and satellite communication applications.

Broad Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Foam-Filled and One Open Slot on Backward of Radiating Layer

A broadband microstrip patch antenna, loaded E-U-shaped open slot on backward of radiating layer is proposed and experimentally investigated. The antenna employs a foam-filled dielectric substrate, whose dielectric constant is within the lower end of the range. The proposed antenna has been designed for electromagnetic analysis including the impedance bandwidth, reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and antenna gain. The open slot is loaded on the back radiated layer, which is perpendicular to the radiating edge of the oblong microstrip patch component, where the symmetric line feed is selected. This new technique used to increase the bandwidth and the gain of antenna through increasing current path by slot location, width and length on backward of radiating Layer. The main structure in this research was a single microstrip patch antenna planar with three layers operating at two resonant frequencies 4.440 GHz and 5.833 GHz. All the simulated results are confirmed by two packages of electromagnetism simulation. An impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) up to about 41.03% and 30.61% is achieved by individually optimizing its parameters. The antenna exhibits nearly stable radiation pattern with a maximum gains of 8.789 dBi and 9.966 dBi, which is suitable for Wi-Fi Band, satellite communications, and wireless presented. Whereas the results before this design that we have a proof of publication are 36.17% and 28.43%.