Broad Mite Polyphagotarsonemus Latus Research Articles

Evaluation of indigenous fungal entomopathogens and aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata against Polyphagotarsonemus latus infesting Jatropha curcas in Indonesia

Abstract. Puspitarini RD, Afandhi A, Fernando I. 2021. Evaluation of indigenous fungal entomopathogens and aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata against Polyphagotarsonemus latus infesting Jatropha curcas in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2648-2655. The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) has been known to cause a great deal of injury on Jatropha curcas (L.) plantation in Indonesia. Isolation of indigenous fungal entomopathogens from rhizosphere soils, followed by pathogenicity assay was conducted to find an effective isolate for controlling P. latus. Additionally, the potential combination of the selected isolate and soursop (Annona muricata L.) aqueous leaf extract (SLE) was investigated. A total of 24 isolates were obtained by using the insect bait method. Four fungal isolates, namely Paecilomyces sp. 1., Lecanicillium sp., Beauveria sp., and Fusarium sp. 1, showed high conidial viability and were chosen as representatives to assess their pathogenicity against P. latus. Among the tested isolates, Beauveria sp. which had the highest conidial viability among the tested isolates, needed a shorter period to completely kill the tested mites. However, the compatibility test revealed the deleterious effect of SLE on Beauveria sp. SLE at all concentrations showed a very toxic effect on the fungus, therefore the two must be applied separately. Our results provide useful information on the effectiveness of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria sp. and aqueous leaf extract of A. muricata as an alternative tool to control the broad mite P. latus on the J. curcas plantation.

Lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides in the management of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on Capsicum annuum L.

The evaluation of lethal and sublethal effects is of great importance for a complete assessment of the total impact of chemical compounds upon pest populations and the development of management strategies. In this study, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of different synthetic and botanical products on the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), a major pest of Capsicum annuum L. and other crops. Abamectin had the highest lethal effect on P. latus, followed by spiromesifen, azadirachtin, neem oil and nitrogen fertiliser + citric acid. The sublethal effects of the products were indicated by the influence on mite population growth, affecting the numbers of females, males, larvae, pupae and eggs. Furthermore, a negative instantaneous rate of increase in P. latus and repellent effects were observed. The lethal and sublethal effects of abamectin, spiromesifen, azadirachtin and neem oil significantly affect P. latus population growth, as well as causing repellence to this mite on C. annuum, and they should be considered in the integrated pest management of this mite. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of Intercropping Medicinal Plants on Mite Populations in Cultivated Cucumber

This study was conducted to assess the potential of pest repellent plant (PRP) species for managing mite pests. In order to reduce the environmental impact of pesticides and to improve the quality of the product, three PRP species (sweet basil,peppermint and spearmint) were assessed with a control treatment (without PRP).The results showed that the cultivated cucumber intercropped with the sweet basil, peppermint or spearmint led to a lower infestation rate of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) and Tetranychuscucurbitacearum (Sayed) mites to (92.9, 91.7%), (92.1, 92.7%) and (87.3, 82.03%) respectively under field condition They produced (5.43, 4.69 and 4.29 tons/ hectare) while the control treatment produced (4.07 tons/ hectare), respectively. In the greenhouse, leaves of cucumber intercropping with the same medicinal plants reduced the infestation rate to (87.7, 82.9%), (80.6, 75.2%) and (57.8, 36.1%) for P. latus, T. cucurbitacearum, and produced (4.74, 4.12 and 4.00 tons/ hectare) respectively, while the control treatment produced only 3.80 tons/ hectare.

Screening for broad mite susceptibility in Rhododendron simsii hybrids

Broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus, is a key pest of pot azalea (Rhododendron simsii Planch hybrids). No information on variation in susceptibility or potential tolerance within these plants is available to date. We evaluated a selection of 32 Rhododendron cultivars, mainly R. simsii hybrids, for susceptibility to broad mite. The plants were artificially infested in a greenhouse by surrounding each azalea with four broad mite-infested English ivy plants (Hedera helix). Broad mite infestation was evaluated by counting the number of broad mites per shoot tip and assigning a damage rate. Results indicated a comparable infestation rate expressed as the number of mites on all cultivars at the initial stage of the experiments. Correlations between the average damage rate and the number of broad mites per shoot tip on all cultivars at different time intervals were significantly positive, although low, in each experiment, with R2-values of 0.14 and 0.61. At the end of the experiments significant differences in susceptibility between the evaluated cultivars were observed. The cultivars, ‘Emil De Coninck’ and ‘Mont Blanc’ were rated as the most susceptible, whereas ‘Mistral’ and its bud sport ‘Elien’ were tolerant towards the broad mite, because damage rates were low and very few broad mites were found.

Bionomics and control of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari:Tarsonemidae)

The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) was studied for one season (2009/2010) on three pepper cultivars (Travita, Top star and Habeba) in the nethouses in Egypt. The tarsonemid mite was fed upon by the predatory phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias–Henriot). Population abundance of the tarsonemid pepper prey was affected by climatic conditions and predation. A control measure of one preventive treatment in nursery and two successive curative treatments, applied mid-September, in nethouses seemed to be the most successful management of the harmful mite. The effect of constant different temperatures on P. latus development, reproduction and population growth was investigated. At 11 °C, all activity ceased and by 36 °C the adult began to slow down. Life table parameters varied greatly, especially at 21 °C and 75% R.H.

Susceptibility and physiological responses of Jatropha curcas accessions to broad mite infestation

The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus is a key pest of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.). The purpose of this study was to identify physic nut accessions that are less susceptible to P. latus, in support of the breeding program of J. curcas. We first evaluated population growth rate and injury symptoms of P. latus on different J. curcas accessions and then carried out physiological analyses on P. latus-infested and uninfested accessions. From the germplasm bank of the Federal University of Viçosa, 15 physic nut accessions with high seed oil content, with different genetic background, were tested. The following traits were evaluated: instantaneous population growth rate of P. latus (r i ), injury symptoms, relative leaf water content, specific leaf area, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen and biomass of the aerial part. Significant differences were observed for P. latus population growth rate and injury symptoms among accessions. A positive correlation between P. latus growth rate and injury was found. The UFVJC72 accession stood out as the more resistant, considering P. latus growth rate and injury symptoms, compared with most accessions. Physiological responses did not vary among accessions, but did between infested and uninfested plants. In P. latus-infested plants, net photosynthesis was on average 50.5 % lower than in uninfested plants, whereas stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased by 46.2 and 51.6 %, respectively.

Suitability of the predatory mites Iphiseiodes zuluagai and Euseius concordis in controlling Polyphagotarsonemus latus and Tetranychus bastosi on Jatropha curcas plants in Brazil.

One of the most promising plant species for biofuel production in Brazil is the physic nut Jatropha curcas. Major phytosanitary problems include the attack of two pest mite species, the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus and the spider mite Tetranychus bastosi. Owing to pesticide-related problems, there is an increasing demand for sustainable environmental-friendly control methods such as biological control. In this study we evaluated the suitability of the predatory mite species Iphiseiodes zuluagai and Euseius concordis in controlling P. latus and T. bastosi on J. curcas. The number of T. bastosi killed by I. zuluagai was lower than the number of P. latus consumed. Euseius concordis preyed upon both T. bastosi and P. latus but the number of prey killed was always lower in comparison with I. zuluagai. However, P. latus and T. bastosi are suitable for the development of I. zuluagai and E. concordis as oviposition of both predators did not differ in relation to prey species. The preference of I. zuluagai for leaves of plants infested by either P. latus or T. bastosi, combined with the higher values for predation obtained by this predatory mite when fed on P. latus, compared to those values obtained by E. concordis, suggests that I. zuluagai can be more efficient than E. concordis in reducing populations of P. latus and T. bastosi under field conditions. Furthermore, we report here on the first record of predatory mites associated with P. latus and T. bastosi on native J. curcas plants in Brazil. In conclusion, we emphasize the crucial importance of predatory mites as agents of natural biological control of mite pests on J. curcas in small farms.

An acaricide-treated net to control phytophagous mites

A new technique to control phytophagous mites was tested in West Africa on the African eggplant Solanum macrocarpon. This technique consisted of covering plants with a net impregnated with the acaricide dicofol. The net was applied during the night to protect the net fabric and the active ingredient from UV degradation and to avoid interference of the net with overhead watering. The technique was evaluated in three trials at the INRAB research station and in a grower's field in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), the major pest of S. macrocarpon which causes severe damage to leaves, and spider mites ( Tetranychus spp.), were completely controlled by the dicofol-treated net. Very few mites and practically no mite injury were observed on plants covered with the dicofol-treated net compared to 12–94% damaged leaves in the unprotected control plots. The acaricide-treated net was as efficient when used temporarily (once every three nights) as when used every night. No difference in the percentages of leaves damaged by mites was apparent at harvest between plots covered with a non-acaricide deltamethrin-treated net (40%) and unprotected control (32%). This new concept of mite control using an acaricide-treated net temporarily covering vegetable crop appears to be an efficient tool which is easy to use. It can be used repeatedly reducing costs and poses a very low risk of environmental pollution when used in the dry season or in greenhouses.

Os tricomas de Capsicum spp. interferem nos aspectos biológicos do ácaro-branco, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae)?

Plant morphology traits can affect the feeding preference, oviposition choice and the vulnerability of herbivores to natural enemies. At long term, these plant variations may influence herbivore population dynamics due to the interference on their development, survival and reproduction. In this paper, the development of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) was evaluated on five species of Capsicum with different density of trichomes. We tested the hypothesis that P. latus population growth has a negative relationship with the increase trichome density on leaves. It was assessed a decrease in the intrinsic growth rate (r m) of P. latus with the increase of trichome density on the leaves tested. The lower r m was measured in leaves of C. praetermissum (r m = 0.46), which has the highest trichome density among the assessed Capsicum species. The highest values of r m were observed on Capsicum species with intermediate densities of trichomes on leaves such as Capsicum frutescens (r m = 0.77) and Capsicum chinense (r m = 0.76). Capsicum spp. trichomes acted as a limiting plant trait for the development of P. latus when they were in higher densities and better distributed on the leaf surface. We also discuss the role of morphologic and chemical plant defenses on P. latus development.

Host Selection by the Herbivorous Mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae)

This study examined the host-selection ability of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae). To make long-distance-shifts from one host plant patch to another, broad mites largely depend on phoretic association with whiteflies. However, the host plants of whiteflies and broad mites are not necessarily the same. We determined the host-preference and acceptance of free-moving and phoretic broad mites using two behavioral bioassays. We used a choice test to monitor host selection by free-moving mites. In the case of phoretic mites, we compared their rate of detachment from the phoretic vector Bemisia tabaci placed on leaves taken from various host plants. The suitability of the plant was further determined by monitoring mite's fecundity and its offspring development. We compared the mites' responses to young and old cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. 'Kfir') leaves (3rd and 8-9th leaf from the apex, respectively), and two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cvs. 'M82' and 'Moneymaker'). Free-moving mites of all stages and both sexes preferred young cucumber leaves to old cucumber leaves and preferred young cucumber rather than young tomato leaves, demonstrating for the first time that broad mites are able to choose their host actively. As for phoretic mated females, although eventually most of the mites abandoned the phoretic vector, the rate of detachment from the whitefly vector was host dependent and correlated with the mites' fitness on the particular host. In general, host preference of phoretic female mites resembled that of the free-moving female. Cues used by mites for host selection remain to be explored.

Fatores que afetam artrópodes associados a cinco acessos de ginseng-brasileiro (Pfaffia glomerata) em Montes Claros, Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to identify arthropods associated with five accessions ('NDS', 'COVB', 'NAT', 'ROST' and 'GSD1') of Pfaffia glomerata and the effect of weather, canopy height, foliar face, trichomes, and naturals enemies over the entomofauna. The arthropods Aphis gossypii, Diabrotica speciosa, and Tetranychus ludeni had the highest population densities. Among naturals enemies, there were predator mites associated with the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus, and the spiders associated with defoliator beetles, aphids and leafhoppers. Significant positive multiple and linear correlations were observed between the population of A. gossypii and the density of Crematogaster sp., and negative correlation was observed with the density of Cycloneda sanguinea and air temperature. Higher population density of mites T. ludeni, T. urticae and P. latus was observed in the period of low relative humidity. Higher density of A. gossypii was observed in accessions 'ROST' and 'NAT', while higher density of T. ludeni was observed in the accession 'ROST'. Accession 'GSD1' was the most damaged by defoliator beetles. Aphids and mites preferred to feed on the abaxial face of apical leaves, while D. speciosa preferred the adaxial face of the medium third of the canopy. Trichomes (100 % non-glandular) did not affect the arthropods

Potencial de defensivos alternativos para o controle do ácaro-branco em pimenta "Malagueta"

A ação letal e subletal de defensivos alternativos sobre o ácaro-branco Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) foi avaliada em laboratório. Plantas de pimenta "Malagueta" (6 cm de altura) foram pulverizadas, nas dosagens recomendadas para hortaliças, com os seguintes produtos: biofertilizante "Supermagro", "Calda Viçosa", calda sulfocálcica, acaricida abamectina e água. Após a pulverização, foram transferidas dez fêmeas de P. latus para cada planta. Seis dias após, avaliou-se o número de ácaros por planta e calculou-se a taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional (r i). A população final de P. latus em plantas tratadas com a calda sulfocálcica, com a "Calda Viçosa" e com o acaricida abamectina foi significativamente menor do que em plantas tratadas com água e com "Supermagro". Foram obtidos valores negativos para a r i de P. latus em plantas tratadas com a calda sulfocálcica (r i = -0,2922) e com a "Calda Viçosa" (r i = -0,0301). Valores positivos para a r i foram obtidos para ácaros em plantas tratadas com "Supermagro" (r i = 0,2373) e com água (r i = 0,1971), indicando aumento da população de P. latus nessas plantas. Não foi possível o cálculo do r i para ácaros em plantas tratadas com abamectina devido a morte de todas as fêmeas no inicio do experimento. A "Calda Viçosa" e a calda sulfocálcica apresentaram potencial de controle para o ácaro branco P. latus em pimenta.

Biologia, exigências térmicas e tabela de vida de fertilidade do ácaro-branco Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) em videira (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Itália

The mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) constitutes one of the main pest of grape crop at the Submédio São Francisco Valley. The objective of this work was to study the biology of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), to determine its thermal requirements and its fertility life table in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Italy. Acclimatized chambers (BOD) were used, adjusted to the temperatures of 18, 22, 25, 28 and 32 degrees C, relative humidity of 65 +/- 10% and alternated light of 12h. Egg-adult period was 3.4 and 6.8 days for males and 3.5 and 7.4 days for females, respectively at 32 degrees C and 18 degrees C. At the temperatures of 18, 25 and 32 degrees C, each female deposited, respectively, 16.5, 44.3 and 13.3 eggs. The stages of egg, larva and pupa and egg-adult period presented, respectively, thermal thresholds of 11.23, 9.45, 12.19, and 9.71 degrees C and thermal constant of 28.51, 14.59, 8.33, and 62.73 degrees-day. The mean duration of one generation (T) was 25.6, 10.8 and 8.2 days, respectively, at the temperatures of 18, 25 and 32 degrees C. The net reproductive rate (R0) at the temperature of 25 degrees C was the highest, corresponding to an increase of 30.12 times at each generation. The intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) was 0.10 (18 degrees C), 0.31 (25 degrees C) and 0.12 (32 degrees C) and the finite ratio of population increase (lambda) was 1.10 (18 degrees C), 1.36 (25 degrees C) and 1.13 (32 degrees C). According to the mean temperature values, P. latus can have 95 and 99 generations/year, respectively, for the municipal districts of Petrolina, PE and Juazeiro, BA.

Control of the broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)) on organic greenhouse sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) with the predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans)

Abstract The predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) successfully controlled the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) on two varieties of greenhouse-grown sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). A survey of pre-plant seedlings showed that nurseries were a source of infestation for the broad mite. The predatory mites were released twice (on day 1 and 5, or 15 days later) on each plant, every second plant or every fourth plant. Broad mite populations were evaluated by sampling young leaves from the top of the plant. The effect of the broad mite on plant height, dry mass and yield was evaluated. Additionally, since N. cucumeris is known to control thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), blue sticky traps and flower sampling were used to evaluate changes in thrips populations. All three release rates of N. cucumeris significantly (P

Dispersal of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) and silverleaf whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (=B strain of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)) have many common host plants. It was found that broad mites can attach themselves to B. argentifolii adults and use them as a carrier for their dispersal. In a cage experiment, we observed that more than 80% of B. argentifolii adults had more than one broad mite attached within 4 h after B. argentifolii landed on broad mite-infested plants. Overall, 97.5% of the broad mites examined were attached to the legs, mostly on the tibiae and tarsi of B. argentifolii adults, and 99.5% of the broad mites attached to B. argentifolii were adult females. The successful dispersal of broad mite via B. argentifolii was also demonstrated with a cage experiment.

Effects of prey mites and pollen on the biology and life tables of Proprioseiopsis asetus (Chant) (Acari, Phytoseiidae)

AbstractBiology of the phytoseiid mite Proprioseiopsis asetus was studied under laboratory conditions. Egg hatchability was tested at three different combinations of temperature and relative humidity. A combination of 26°C and 70% RH was the most suitable condition. The number of citrus brown mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) consumed by P. asetus adult females significantly decreased when date palm pollen Pheonex dactylefira L. was added to prey mite and egg production significantly increased. Total developmental time of P. asetus ranged between 3.25 and 5.33 days for males and between 3.83 and 5.46 days for females at 26°C. The percentage of female progeny in the total population ranged between 52% and 57%. A diet of E. orientalis resulted in the shortest generation time (T = 12.49 day), the shortest adult female longevity (27.25 day), the highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 35.15 expected progeny per female), the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm = 0.28) and also finite rate of increase (erm = 1.33) per day. Diet of prey mite T. urticae provided the longest adult female longevity (33.08 days) and T. urticae or P. dactylefire pollen provided very close life table parameters of P. asetus. Broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus was the least favourable food source with results of T = 16.89 days; R0 = 21.02 female progeny per female; rm = 0.18 and erm =1.19 per day.

Biological Control of Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), by Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes on Pepper

Abstract Augmentative releases of the predatory mite Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) barkeri Hughes (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) have been successfully used to control the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) on many crops in greenhouses at The Land for more than 3 years. The functional response of N. barkeri to broad mite in the laboratory and the release rate for N. barkeri on pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ′Hungarian Wax′) in greenhouses were studied. The functional response of N. barkeri adult females was determined on pepper leaf discs with prey density ranging from 5 to 60 adult broad mite females at 25°C over a 24-h period. Predation data were described by a typical type II response curve with parameters of attack rate (a) = 1.1803 and handling time (Th) = 0.0157. Cage experiments, which compared four release rates of N. barkeri, indicated that releasing 10 or more mites per plant can effectively reduce the broad mite population from more than 100 mites per leaf to zero in a week. Influx experiments, in which there was continuous immigration of the broad mite, showed that a single release of 5 N. barkeri adults per plant significantly reduced broad mite populations, but failed to prevent all plants from broad mite injury, and that three weekly releases of 5 N. barkeri adults per main stem provided adequate protection from broad mite injury for over 7 weeks. It is suggested that augmentative releases of N. barkeri can be an ecologically sound alternative strategy for broad mite control in greenhouses and that it may also provide some control of the western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] at the Same time.

Feeding behavior of some phytoseiid predators on the broad mite,Polyphagotarsonemus latus [Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tarsonemidae

Feeding behavior of 4 phytoseiid species on the broad mitePolyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) was studied.Typhlodromus rickeri Chant,T. porresi McMurtry, andT. annectens DeLeon preferred prey larvae over other stages.Euseius stipulatus Athias-Henriot fed on all but the nymphal stage, and showed a decreased preference for prey larvae and females. None of the 4 species fed upon the nymphal stage.