British English Dialects Research Articles

The influence of accent and device usage on perceived credibility during interactions with voice-AI assistants

Voice-AI assistants offer innovative ways for people to interact with technology, such as delivering search results through human-sounding voices. Unlike printed text, however, voices are associated with particular characteristics, such as accents, which have the potential to influence perceived credibility. Voice-AI assistants are also a relatively new phenomenon, and while people who use them frequently may be inclined to trust them, other people may not be. The current study investigated how voice accent and frequency-of-use affected users’ credibility assessments of search results delivered by voice-AI assistants. Participants, who were native speakers of American English and self-classified themselves according to how frequently they used voice-AI assistants, listened to statements produced by neural text-to-speech in either an American English or British English accent. They then rated the credibility of both the information content and the voice itself, along several dimensions. Results showed that in multiple conditions, participants perceived information delivered by British-accented voices as more credible than that delivered by American English-accented voices. Furthermore, frequency-of-use exerted a significant effect on perceived trustworthiness of a voice. These findings have implications for the ethical design of voice-AI systems, and for human-computer interaction more generally.

Evaluating OpenAI's Whisper ASR: Performance analysis across diverse accents and speaker traits.

This study investigates Whisper's automatic speech recognition (ASR) system performance across diverse native and non-native English accents. Results reveal superior recognition in American compared to British and Australian English accents with similar performance in Canadian English. Overall, native English accents demonstrate higher accuracy than non-native accents. Exploring connections between speaker traits [sex, native language (L1) typology, and second language (L2) proficiency] and word error rate uncovers notable associations. Furthermore, Whisper exhibits enhanced performance in read speech over conversational speech with modifications based on speaker gender. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Comparing The Clear Pronunciation: Which Accents Teacher Should Teach More?

Pronunciation is a part of speaking skills which can be directly and clearly observed and known. When someone speaks in English, the person who’s listening will immediately identify the pronunciation of that person as well as the mistakes they made. The main problem is understanding the pronunciation of different accents because students don't fully understand accents and pronunciations from different regions. The aims of this study are: to identify the abilities of English Education students at the State Islamic University of Sumatra Utata in terms of pronunciation from different regions and to identify the difficulties faced by English Education students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra in learning pronunciation. The research data used descriptive qualitative data. The instruments are notes and a device such as a handphone for the audio. The subject is English Education Study Program students at the Faculty of Teaching and Education, State Islamic University of North Sumatra. While the implementation time is April 21-27 2023. The result is the American accent has the clearest pronunciation with the main reason being taught more since elementary school than the British English accent which is rarely even never taught by the teachers. Teachers should teach the British English accent more due to a lot of students don’t understand the British accent pronunciation to decrease students' difficulties when they face listening tests with a British English accent.

Request Strategies in Kuwaiti Arabic and British English: A Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Study

The study at hands is a cross-cultural exploration of request strategies in Kuwaiti Arabic and British English dialects. A mixed method approach of a qualitative and quantitative analysis was used (i.e., a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) and semi-structured interviews). Data was collected from a total of five hundred participants, two hundred and fifty from each group. Sixty participants were chosen for the semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the collected data was based upon Brown and Levinson's (1987) social variables (e.g., power, distance, and ranking). Also, the data was analyzed following Blum-Kulka and Olshtain's (1984) Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP). The results of the study revealed that Kuwaiti Arabic and British English participants used the conventional indirect level in the form of query preparatory in most situations. Furthermore, power as a social variable affected Kuwaiti Arabic and British English participants’ flow of a request in conversations. Participants used direct request strategies when the power of the speaker was high. As for the semi-structured interviews, the results indicated that there is a sociocultural norm between the Kuwaiti society and the British society, which affected their use of requests.

Vietnamese EFL/ESL Learners’ Attitudes towards British English versus American English Accents

This paper explored the attitudes of Vietnamese learners of English as a second/ foreign language (ESL/EFL) towards American English (AmE) accent versus British English (BrE) accent. Responses to a survey were collected from 70 ESL/EFL learners in Vietnam who were asked to rate Five-point-Likert-scale statements to explore their beliefs and attitudes about the two accents. The statements in the survey were classified into three dimensions Cognitive, Affective, and Conative. Results showed that Vietnamese ESL/EFL learners believed that BrE accent was an accent of higher social statuses while AmE accent was of more solidarity in terms of cognitive dimension. Regarding the affective dimension, those Vietnamese ESL/EFL learners had much more positive sentiments for AmE accent than BrE. Similarly, in the conative dimension, a higher percentage of those ESL/EFL learners preferring AmE accent as the target model accent for them to follow and practice when speaking English than BrE. Overall, despite the fact that the BrE variety is somehow biased than AmE by the language policy in Vietnam, AmE accent seems to be more preferred by Vietnamese ESL/EFL leaners.

T‐tapping in Standard Southern British English: An ‘elite’ sociolinguistic variant?

AbstractSocial class is one of the key axes of sociolinguistic variation, but the speech of those at the top of the class spectrum—the elite—is rarely studied. While T‐glottalling has spread widely across British English accents, a competing variant—T‐tapping—has attracted little scholarly attention in the United Kingdom. This article presents a study of elite speech by examining sociolinguistic variation in T‐tapping among adolescent speakers of Standard Southern British English. Data were collected from interviews with teenagers aged 16–19 at two schools in Hampshire, UK. T‐tapping is led by those who previously attended private school and is used more by boys than girls in formal speech. The findings suggest that T‐tapping may be used to index a combination of authority and informality, which is invoked by elite speakers to assert themselves from a position of privilege while maintaining an image of openness and approachability.

Dutch listeners’ responses to Dutch, British and American English accents in three contexts.

The aim of this study was to assess Dutch listeners’ responses to native-accented Englishes compared with Dutch-accented English in terms of speech understandability and speech evaluations in three professional communication contexts. In a matched-guise experiment Dutch listeners (N=392) responded to a Dutch English, a standard British and American accent in terms of speech understandability (intelligibility, comprehensibility, interpretability) and speaker evaluations (status, affect, dynamism). Dutch listeners evaluated these accents in three communication contexts: Lecture, Audio Tour, Job Pitch. Only context affected speech understandability: comprehensibility and interpretability were higher for the Lecture compared to the Audio Tour and the Job Pitch. Accent only negatively affected status evaluations for Dutch-accented English. Context only evoked more affect in the Audio Tour and the Lecture than in the Job Pitch. Our main conclusion is that Dutch-accented English negatively impacts status, but not understanding, affect and dynamism. Context impacts understanding and affect.

5–9-year-olds categorisation of regional accents: The role of exposure to variation

This study investigates primary school children’s ability to categorise speakers based on regional accent variables found in the UK. Thirty-three children (5;7–9;9) in York took part in a task in which they were asked to group speakers according to whether they sounded as though they came from the same place. Results showed that children were much more accurate at grouping together different speakers according to a Yorkshire/Standard Southern British English accent distinction, rather than a Yorkshire/Scottish or a Yorkshire/North East accent distinction. The distinctiveness and the familiarity of the Standard Southern British English accent features can account for this finding. Furthermore, the children’s general exposure to variation was found to predict their accuracy in the task; children with more exposure to regional variation performed better when grouping speakers based on their pronunciation of the same phoneme embedded within the same word. Building on the results of a previous study with preschool children, these results are discussed in line with an exemplar model of indexical learning.

. The Employment of Accents at the Training Interpreting Sessions: Perspectives of Iraqi Translation Students.

In the field of interpreting and teaching translation, learning British English or American English accents are essential issues for the students of translation. This study aims to highlight the perspectives of translation students at two Iraqi Universities (a state university: Mustansiriyah and a private one: Al-Ma'moon) towards the value of the British or American accents during leaning and translating processes. Therefore, 174 students who listened to the same texts in the two accents and from different topics such as tourism and hotel management, business management, agriculture and forest, etc… heard the auditable texts totally. They were asked to give their conceptions to 12 statements depending on the scale of Likert "Five-point" that aims to know their perspectives from the weakest (never or almost never) to the strongest (always or almost always). The results of the answers were described and analyzed according to the SPSS 16 program. The students' given answers to the questions in the questionnaire are intended to highlight their perspectives towards the role of the accent, which proves that accent has an essential role in translating into English, and it requires to be heavily focused by the translation trainers throughout the interpreting pedagogy.

Dialect Identification using Chroma-Spectral Shape Features with Ensemble Technique

The present work proposes a text-independent dialect identification system. Generally, dialects of a language exhibit varying pronunciation styles followed in a specific geographical region. In this paper, chroma features familiar with music-related systems are employed for identification of dialects. In addition, eight significant spectral shape related features from short term spectra are computed and combined along with chroma features and named as chroma-spectral shape features. Chroma features try to aggregate spectral information and attempt to encapsulate the evidential variations, concerning timbre, correlated melody, rhythmic, and intonation patterns found prominently among dialects of few languages. The effectiveness of the proposed features and approach is evaluated on five prominent Kannada dialects spoken in Karnataka, India and internationally known standard Intonation Variation in English (IViE) dataset with nine British English dialects. Discriminative models such as, single classifier based Support Vector Machine (SVM) and ensemble based support vector machines (ESVM) are employed for classification. The proposed features have shown better performance over state-of-the-art i-vector features on both datasets. The highest recognition performance of 95.6% and 97.52% are achieved in the cases of Kannada and IViE dialect datasets respectively using ESVM. Proposed features have also demonstrated robust performance with small sized (limited data) audio clips even in noisy conditions.

The effects of lecturers’ non-native accent strength in English on intelligibility and attitudinal evaluations by native and non-native English students

The rapid spread of English medium instruction (EMI) across the globe has led to a growing number of non-native lecturers teaching in English to student populations that are increasingly international. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent lecturers with slight or moderate Dutch accents or native British English accents are evaluated differently in terms of intelligibility, comprehensibility and attitudinal impressions by non-native and native English-speaking listeners. In an experiment, 189 Dutch listeners, 175 international non-native listeners and 158 native English listeners evaluated fragments recorded by moderately accented Dutch, slightly accented Dutch and native English speakers. Findings showed that the moderately non-native accented lecturers were evaluated more negatively than lecturers with slight or native accents by both Dutch and international non-native listeners, but not by native English listeners. This suggests that non-native listeners evaluate the accents of non-native lecturers according to native speaker pronunciation norms.

Nigerian newscasters’ English as a model of standard Nigerian English?

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate whether the form of English spoken by Nigerian newscasters enjoys the status of a standard in Nigeria. The study employs a verbal guise test and a questionnaire to measure the attitudes of 137 Nigerian participants towards the variety of English used by Nigerian newscasters. The findings show that an exonormative orientation is still present in Nigeria: both British and American English accents are preferred over a Nigerian one for Nigerian newscasters, and a British accent is perceived to be more prevalent than a Nigerian one in Nigerian newscasting. However, the results of the verbal guise test demonstrate that there are very positive attitudes towards all Nigerian newscasters’ accents. The results also show that neither gender nor a stay abroad has a significant effect on Nigerians’ attitudes towards newscasters’ English, but that the age group of the participants significantly influences their evaluations: the older participants rated the newscasters’ English accents higher than the younger ones. Overall, the findings of the study suggest a limited potential of Nigerian newscasters’ English becoming a model of English in Nigeria, as British English as an exonormative norm seems to continue to play a major role.

Where does a 'foreign' accent matter? German, Spanish and Singaporean listeners' reactions to Dutch-accented English, and standard British and American English accents.

How well L2 English is understood and how L2 English speakers perceive one another within varying communication contexts has been studied relatively rarely, even though most speakers of English in the world are L2 speakers. In this matched-guise experiment (N = 1699) the effects of L1 and L2 English accents and communication context were tested on speech understandability (intelligibility, comprehensibility, interpretability) and speaker evaluations (status, affect, dynamism). German (N = 617), Spanish (N = 540), and Singaporean listeners (N = 542) were asked to evaluate three accents (Dutch-accented English, standard British English, standard American English) in three communication contexts (Lecture, Audio Tour, Job Pitch). The main finding is that the Dutch-accented English accent was understood as well as the two L1 English accents. Furthermore, Dutch-accented English evoked equally positive evaluations to the two L1 English accents in German listeners, and more positive evaluations than the two L1 English accents in Spanish and Singaporean listeners. These results suggest that accent training aimed at achieving an L1 English accent may not always be necessary for (Dutch) English language learners, especially when they are expected to mostly interact with other L2 speakers of English. More generally, our results indicate that L2 English speakers’ understanding and their evaluation of L1 and L2 Englishes would not seem to reflect traditional language norms. Instead, they seem to reflect the socio-cultural embedding of a language norm in a Lingua Franca English speech community that does not view accent varieties as a hindrance to successful communication.

The grammaticalisation ofneverin British English dialects: Quantifying syntactic and functional change

Neveroriginated as a temporal adverb expressing universal quantification over time (‘Type 1’, e.g.he’s never been to Paris). As Lucas & Willis (2012) report, it has developed non-quantificational meanings equivalent todidn’t, starting with the ‘Type 2’ use which depicts an event that could have occurred in a specific ‘window of opportunity’ (e.g.she waited but he never arrived). Subsequently, a non-standard ‘Type 3’ use developed, wherenevercan be used with other predicates (e.g.I never won that competition yesterday). To what extent does variation in the use ofneverin present-day English reflect the proposed historical development of the form? This study addresses this question by integrating syntactic theory into a quantitative variationist approach, analysingnevervs.didn’tin Type 2 and Type 3 contexts using speech corpora from three Northern British communities. The results show how syntactic–semantic constraints onneverin Type 2 contexts persist in its newer, Type 3 uses, e.g. it is used at higher rates in achievement predicates. While Type 2 contexts are associated with the expression of counter-expectation,neverhas become pragmatically strengthened in its Type 3 use, where it is often used to contradict a previously-expressed proposition.

Automatic dialect identification system for Kannada language using single and ensemble SVM algorithms

In this paper, an automatic dialect identification (ADI) system is proposed by extracting spectral and prosodic features for Kannada language. A new dialect dataset is collected from native speakers of Kannada language (A Dravidian language). This dataset includes five distinct dialects of Kannada language representing five geographical regions of Karnataka state. Investigation of the significance of spectral and prosodic variations on five Kannada dialects is carried out. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), spectral flux, and entropy are used as representatives of spectral features. Besides, pitch and energy features are extracted as representatives of prosodic parameters for identification of dialects. These raw feature vectors are further processed to get a new derived feature vectors by using statistical processing. In this paper, a single classifier based multi-class support vector machine (SVM) and multiple classifier based ensemble SVM (ESVM) techniques are employed for classification of dialects. The effectiveness and performance evaluation of the explored features are carried out on newly collected Kannada speech corpus, with five Kannada dialects and internationally known standard Intonation Variation in English (IViE) dataset with nine British English dialects. Experimental results have demonstrated that the derived feature vectors performs better when compared to raw feature vectors. However, ESVM technique has demonstrated better performance over a single SVM. Spectral and prosodic features have resulted individually with the dialect recognition performance of 83.12% and 44.52% respectively. Further, the complementary nature of both spectral and prosodic features is evaluated by combining both feature vectors for dialect recognition. However, an increase in dialect recognition performance of about 86.25% is observed. This indicates the existence of complementary dialect specific evidence with spectral and prosodic features. The experiments conducted on standard IViE corpus have shown a higher recognition rate of 91.38% using ESVM. Proposed ADI systems with derived features have shown better performance over the state-of-the-art i-vector feature based systems on both datasets.

British or American? Iranian EFL learners’ Perceptions toward English Accents: Exploring possible relationships

Native English accents (British and American) are known as highly favored and accepted varieties compared to other existing accents in English as foreign language (EFL) context. Notwithstanding the research accomplished on EFL learners’ attitudes toward either of the accents (British or American), studies are still scant regarding the investigation of their perspectives in detail toward one of the accents specifically within the context of Iran. The aim of this study is to examine the Iranian EFL learners’ attitudes toward the two major known English accents (British and American. Additionally, the study highlights the major factors contributing to the learners’ preferences toward either of the accents (British or American). To that aim, a developed and validated questionnaire was distributed among 108 EFL learners selected from two of the major EFL contexts (universities and private institutes). The results indicated that the majority of the learners preferred American over British English accent. Besides, factor analysis revealed that American English exposure, lack of guidance, and lack of reinforcement toward British accent were among the mentioned factors accepted by learners for their preference of American. Finally, the study concludes with interpretations regarding the learners’ decision making issues in either of the two major accents, and recommendations are provided for revisiting the EFL learners’ attitudes and insights toward native English accents.

Dissociation between speech modalities in a case of altered accent with unknown origin

ABSTRACTWe present a case of sudden onset, acquired altered accent in the speech of NL, a 48-year-old, left-handed female. NL’s typical Standard Southern British English accent was preserved in singing and reading, but altered in recitation, repetition and spontaneous speech. Neuropsychological investigation, impressionistic and acoustic analysis of accented and unaccented speech are documented. The altered accent displays a slower speech rate and longer duration of consonants and vowels. There is evidence for a shift towards syllable-timed rhythm. NL’s altered accent displays atypical coordination between voicing and supra-laryngeal articulation, reduced mean and range of F0, and minor differences in vowel space. These features are broadly consistent with other documented cases of Foreign Accent Syndrome, regardless of aetiology. However, NL’s profile of preserved and impaired speech does not fit any pattern typically associated with organic neurological disorder. Moreover, left-handed preference may contribute to differences between singing and reading, versus recitation, repetition and spontaneous speech.

Register in variationist linguistics

Abstract Benedikt Szmrecsanyi, Professor of Linguistics in the Quantitative Lexicology and Variational Linguistics research group at the Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, writes this article exploring the connections between register and variationist linguistics. He is involved with various large-scale research projects in areas such as probabilistic grammar, variationist sociolinguistic research, linguistic complexity, and dialectology/dialectometry. Szmrecsanyi’s books include Grammatical Variation in British English Dialects: A Study in Corpus-based Dialectometry (2013, Cambridge) and Aggregating Dialectology, Typology, and Register Analysis: Linguistic Variation in Text and Speech (Szmrecsanyi & Wälchli 2014, Mouton de Gruyter). He is currently a principal investigator on a major grant-funded research project titled ‘The register-specificity of probabilistic grammatical knowledge in English and Dutch’, a project aimed at exploring the question of whether register differences lead to differences in the processes of making linguistic choices. In sharp contrast to the status quo in variationist linguistics, where register is often ignored entirely, much of Szmrecsanyi’s variationist research treats register as a variable of primary importance. The findings from these studies have led Benedikt Szmrecsanyi to state that “we need more empirical/variationist work to explore the differences that register makes” (Szmrecsanyi 2017: 696).

Refinement of the matched-guise technique for the study of the effect of non-native accents compared to native accents

Finding and selecting representative matched guises of native and non-native English accents is challenging, because cannot be both a native and a non-native speaker of one language. In order to test a method to establish representative matched guises, matched-guise samples were recorded for the non-native accent, Dutch English, and standard British and American English accents. Four speakers, pre-selected by language experts, each produced all three accents. The samples were then evaluated on degree of ‘nativeness’ and ‘standardness’ by three ‘linguistically naive’ listener groups: 40 native British English speakers evaluated the British English samples, 40 native American English speakers evaluated the American English samples, and 40 native Dutch speakers evaluated the Dutch English samples. Despite the language experts’ assumptions regarding the representativeness of the accents produced by the four matched-guise speakers, only two of the four speakers were deemed representative speakers of all three accents. This suggests that representative matched guises for the purposes of (non-)native English accents research can be achieved, but that speaker evaluations by ‘linguistically naive’ native listeners are necessary to ensure valid matched-guise selections.

The impact of foreign accent on irony interpretation.

In modern multi-cultural societies, conversations between foreign speakers and native listeners have become very common. These exchanges often include the use of figurative language. The present study examines, for the first time, whether native listeners’ non-literal interpretation of discourse is influenced by indexical cues such as speaker accent. Native listeners were presented with ironic and literal Spanish stories uttered in a native or foreign accent (Spanish and British English accents, respectively). Two types of irony were considered: ironic criticism (frequently used) and ironic praise (less frequently used). Participants were asked to rate stories on their level of irony. Results showed an impact of foreign accent on natives’ non-literal interpretation. The effect was evident in the less frequent ironic constructions (ironic praise), with foreign accented utterances considered less ironic than native accented utterances. These findings revealed that native listeners’ figurative interpretation of ironic praise can change depending on indexical cues, with a reduction of pragmatic inferences in the case of foreign accent.