Briquetting Press Research Articles

Manual wooden low-pressure briquetting press: An alternative technology of waste biomass utilisation in developing countries of Southeast Asia

Although briquetting is an appropriate technology for the production of renewable energy, its widespreadness in Southeast Asia is limited. Especially due to the high initial investments and energy consumption of a high-pressure briquetting press. However, manual low-pressure briquetting presses (operating pressure <5 MPa) can represent a relevant alternative, regarding to their ease of use and modest energy consumption. The aim of the present research was to develop and verify a manual wooden low pressure briquetting press with a square-shaped pressing chamber, piston and a single lever as a pressing unit. In practice, press was designed, manufactured, and verified by successful bio-briquette samples production. Four different feedstock mixtures were prepared from coconut mesocarp fibre (CF), bamboo skin (BS), pineapple leaves (PL), sugarcane bagasse (SB); each mixed with external binding agent (wastepaper) in biomass:binder ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. The achieved bulk density ρ ranged from 204.30 ± 15.73 kg m−3 for 1:1 feedstock mixtures and 199.31 ± 23.13 kg m−3 for 2:1 feedstock mixtures. The press efficiency, feasibility and practicability were positively evaluated within their possible utilisation in rural areas of developing countries. The importance of research increases constantly due to the worldwide need for a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, proper waste management, and reduction of environmental and health risks related to improper treatment of waste materials. The final idea of the article contributes to the development of the sector of clean green energy production, simultaneously with raising awareness about sustainable technologies for proper waste management within the wide public.

Development of a Multiple-Piston Hydraulic Briquetting Press HBP and Characterization of Newsprint Briquettes Produced

Development of a Multiple-Piston Hydraulic Briquetting Press HBP and Characterization of Newsprint Briquettes Produced

Studies of the thermal stability of briquettes based on microsilica

The object of study in this work is microsilica. Microsilica is a pulverized technogenic waste generated during the smelting of technical silicon in industries. The intended use of this material is to obtain the highest quality grades of technical silicon in the end result without the use of expensive quartz. Microsilica is a finely dispersed powder, the direct processing (without preliminary preparation) of which into technical silicon is impossible in ore-thermal furnaces. That requires the manufacture of high-strength briquettes based on it, meeting all the requirements for raw materials for ore-thermal furnaces. In this paper, the authors present the results of a study of the thermal stability of microsilica-based briquettes in order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the resulting briquettes. The tested microsilica briquettes with various carbonaceous reducing agents (screenings of coke of thermo-oxidative coking, screenings of charcoal, etc.) were obtained on a large-scale laboratory roller briquetting press ZZXM-4. The evaluation of the thermal stability of the briquettes was carried out according to the method in which the resulting briquettes are subjected to thermal shock followed by abrasion on a special drum. The thermal resistance of a briquette is defined as the ratio of the weight of the main body of the briquette after the abrasion test to the sum of the weight of the main body and the crumbled material. The dependence of thermal stability on the granulometric composition of briquettes was also determined. The optimal granulometric composition was determined, with which the briquettes have satisfactory thermal stability. Thus, the most technologically advanced granulometric composition of the briquetting charge for reduction smelting in an ore-thermal furnace was established. It is best to use briquettes with granulometric compositions of the appropriate ratio of fractions 0-1; 1-3; 3-5 mm with the following proportions 35/35/30 and 60/20/15, as well as briquettes with particle size distribution within these ranges of variation.

Effects of Feeding Speed and Temperature on Properties of Briquettes from Poplar Wood Using a Hydraulic Briquetting Press

Biomass has a high potential to contribute towards resolving the energy deficit. Processing biomass into solid fuels enhances its use in various bioenergy conversion technologies. The quality of densified biomass depends on several variables. The investigation of the effect of densification parameters on briquette quality is necessary for process optimization. This study investigates the influence of die temperature (100, 120, 140 °C) and feeding speed (2.4, 2.9, 3.3 mm s−1) on the quality of briquettes produced from poplar using a hydraulic biomass briquetting machine. The density of the briquettes ranged between 746.7 and 916.8 kg m−3, the mechanical durability ranged from 97.4 to 98.4%, and the water resistance index was between 91.6 and 96.1%. The results show that the temperature was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) on the density, mechanical durability and water resistance of biomass briquettes. The feeding speed was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) on the density and water resistance. The interaction of temperature and feeding speed was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) on all properties considered. The results obtained in this study are useful for optimizing the quality of briquettes produced using the hydraulic piston press.

EVALUATING THE BIO-ENERGY POTENTIAL OF SUGARCANE BIOMASS BRIQUETTES

The study was conducted to assess the conversion potentiality of sugarcane bio-mass into bioenergy through briquetting. Samples of sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane trash and a 50:50 mixture of sugarcane bagasse and trash were used to produce briquettes. An automated briquetting press with a capacity of 150-200 kg/hr was employed to produce cylindrical briquettes of 100 mm length. The quality parameters of briquettes such as moisture content, bulk density, compressive strength, shatter resistance, resistance to water penetration,volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value were determined. Among the various briquettes investigated, briquettes made of bagasse have low ash content (5.32%), high shatter resistance (99.4%), and a high calorific value (15.15 MJ/kg), all of which are desirable characteristics for fuel combustion. However, the briquettes produced from bagasse-trash mixture were statistically on par with the briquettes of bagasse alone. Thus, briquettes produced from bagasse alone and bagasse-trash combination can be recommended for use in boilers in the food processing sector as an eco-friendly biofuel, which in turn helps in curbing environmental pollution. Further, there is a scope for entrepreneurship development by converting sugarcane biomass to briquettes, which would create employment for the rural youth.

Influence of the gap between the rolls on parameters of the roll briquetting of metallurgical lime and magnesium oxide

The results of experimental studies carried out on two types of slag-forming materials widely used in ferrous metallurgy: metallurgical lime (calcium oxide CaO) and magnesium oxide (soft-burned magnesite or brucite, MgO) are presented. It is determined that these materials are well compacted by the method of "dry" briquetting (briquetting without binder and moisture), with obtaining sufficiently strong briquettes. The influence of the technological parameter of roller briquetting - the gap between the working rolls (bandages) of the briquetting press on the density, open porosity and relative performance of the roller press was studied. The probability of occurrence of cracks on the surface and in the volume of the briquette was studied. The dependences of the current density of the material being briquetted (CaO and MgO) on the pressing pressure, the so-called compression curves, have been determined. The change in the density of the briquette from the size of the gap between the rolls of the press, equal to&nbsp;the thickness of the bridge between the briquettes, is determined. The influence of the gapbetween the rolls on the relative productivity of the roller press in terms of mass and volume is presented. The relative performance, reduced to one received briquette, is determined. The results obtained are approximated by simple mathematical functions. The density of the briquettes is represented by an exponential function, and the results for the open porosity of the magnesia briquettes and the relative performance of the roller press are exponential functions. The work was carried out within the framework of theme No. 0391-2016-0001&nbsp;(АААА-А18-118020790140-5) and with the partial financial support of Decree No. 211&nbsp;of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006.

ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET ARANG DENGAN VARIASI TEKANAN KEMPA PEMBRIKETAN

Biomass is often considered as a material that is lacking or even uneconomical. Biomass that is abundantly available in Indonesia is sawdust and coconut shell waste. This number has not been used maximally, this is because both wastes tend to be disposed of directly into the environment and can cause environmental pollution. Briquetting technology is one of method which can be implemented to increase the added value by producing briquettes. Many factors affect the quality of briquettes, one of which is the pressure of the briquette press. The pressure of the briquette press affects the durability and cohesiveness of briquettes. The aim of this research was to specify the effect of compression pressure on calorific value, ash content, and water content of briquettes. The research was conducted by varying the briquetting compression pressure, namely 1500 psi, 2000 psi, and 3000 psi. It has been done by several main stages, namely the carbonization process, the manufacture of charcoal briquettes, and test analysis. Charcoal briquettes have an average heating value of 6386.377 cal/g, 1.136% moisture content, and 6.659% ash content at a compression pressure of 1500 psi. At a compression pressure of 2000 psi, charcoal briquettes have an average heating value of 6672.601 cal/g, 1.110% moisture content, and 5.419% ash content. Meanwhile, at the compression pressure of 3000 psi charcoal briquettes have an average heating value of 6685.144 cal/g, 1.288% water content, and 6.627% ash content. Charcoal briquettes produced by varying the pressure of the briquetting press have met the quality standard of SNI 01-6235-2000 briquettes. The most optimum compression pressure for charcoal briquetting obtained in this study was 2000 psi.

Energy Evaluation of Biomass Compaction Technique: A Review

Biomass compacting addresses innovation for the change of biomass into a strong biomass fuel fit as a fiddle of briquettes and pellets. Recently hacked tail biomass is the material of low mass thickness (80 – 150 kg m-3), therefore compacting of biomass is one of the significant cycles for viable taking care of, transport and capacity of this biomass fuel material. This investigation was led to assess two biomass compacting systems – water driven cylinder press, and screw press. Specialized boundaries of these two kinds of presses were broke down. The energy utilization for strong wood fuel mass unit creation in briquetting measure is utilized as the fundamental rule. The key objective is to track down the most helpful compaction instrument for energy crop portable briquetting press plan.

Nature of fine materials compaction when roll briquetting in cells of different shapes

In the work, the influence of the technological parameters for roll briquetting on the compaction coefficient and distribution of briquetting pressure along the curly generatrix of the cell cut on the roll of the briquetting press is investigated. The influence of the cell shape on the pressing roll and the size of the gap between the rolls was studied. The paper considers various forms of cells on rolls (or roll bandages) of four different types of the shapes. The purpose of the work is to describe the conditions manifestation of the so-called re-pressing of the briquette back part, leading to the appearance of cracks and destruction of the briquette according to the “dovetail” type. This phenomenon leads to a decrease in yield on the briquetting press and the formation of the return of material that must be involved in the processing of waste. A geometric model of material compaction in the cells of the briquetting press for four different shapes is constructed: pillow-shaped and three conical types. When creating the model, assumptions are made that are commonly used in the formulation of powder rolling problems. The conditions of the problem are fulfilled in a flat setting. In the model, a briquette of arbitrary shape is conventionally divided into several infinitely small volumes. The briquette formation begins in the capture section by densification of the selected volume element, the thickness of which remains unchanged until the end of the briquetting process. Plots of the compaction coefficients distribution along the direction of roll briquetting for the material for the considered cell types are constructed. The obtained data show that for the entire range of gaps between the rollers, the calculated compressibility of the briquetted material in a conical cell is higher than in a cell with a pillow-shaped shape. It was determined that the compaction coefficient in the front of the briquette is noticeably lower. To determine the plot of briquetting pressure along the generatrix of the cell, the method of standards was used, in which the dependence of the compaction coefficient on the briquetting pressure is preliminarily constructed. Then, the compaction coefficient is converted according to the compression curve for the material under study into compression forces. It is shown that to reduce the effect of re-pressing, it is necessary to increase the technological gap between the rollers of the briquetting press. The work was performed under the theme № 0391-2016-0001 (AAAA-A18-118020790140-5) and with the partial financial support of the Resolution № 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.

Analyses of Waste Treatment in Rural Areas of East Java with the Possibility of Low-Pressure Briquetting Press Application

The study deals with the possibility of waste utilization by using briquetting technology (production of solid fuels) and the potential of the manual low-pressure briquetting press in rural and peri-urban areas of East Java, where firewood is still commonly used as a source of energy for heating and cooking (besides LPG). The research compares households from the Donowarih village (Malang regency) and from the Maron peri-urban area (Blitar regency). Through quantitative and qualitative research, we document the potential of briquette production from household waste and agriculture production. The population from the peri-urban area is interested and willing to invest more in the technology, even though a higher biomass production has been found in the rural area. Financial possibilities were similar in both areas (p = 0.8986). A positive correlation (R = 0.5146) was found between the level of education and level of potential investments. Thus, higher education level meant higher interest in technology and the willingness to invest in it. In both areas there is a potential for briquette production and demand for its usage. Nevertheless, further research is recommended to find the suitable composition of bio-briquettes after the installation of wooden manual low-pressure briquetting press.

Briquetting of sugarcane bagasse as a proper waste management technology in Vietnam.

The present research describes an application of high-pressure briquetting technology to the waste management of sugarcane processing in Vietnam. The amount of generated sugarcane bagasse was monitored during sugarcane processing within the street juice production in Hue city, Vietnam. Generated sugarcane bagasse was subjected to fuel parameters analysis within its suitability for direct combustion. The obtained sugarcane bagasse was converted into bio-briquette fuel by a high-pressure briquetting press and its mechanical quality was determined. Results proved that the proportion of generated sugarcane bagasse from whole sugarcane stem mass was equal to 35.45%. This indicated generation of an abundant amount of sugarcane bagasse worldwide in general. Fuel parameters analysis proved high quality level of low ash content = 0.97% and high calorific values (gross calorific value = 18.35 MJ·kg-1, net calorific value = 17.06 MJ·kg-1), which indicated good suitability for direct combustion processes. Indicators of mechanical quality proved the following observations: mechanical durability = 99.29%, compressive strength = 150.82 N∙mm-1 and bulk density = 1022.44 kg·m-3, with all these indicators representing positive results. In general, the observed results indicated suitability of sugarcane bagasse valorization within the production of bio-briquette fuel by using high-pressure briquetting technology. Finally, analysis of such waste biomass proved its great potential for energy recovery, thus, the advantage of its valorization within the sustainable technologies.

THERMAL CAPACITY OF ENRICHED FUEL BRIQUETS PRODUCED FROM THE FINE OF EKIBASTUS COAL

The object of research or development: The object of the research work was coal fines and processes of enrichment of Ekibastuz coal to produce fuel briquettes with increased calorific value and less ash content. Objective: Research, scientific substantiation of technology for obtaining high-calorific coal briquettes from fines of Ekibastuz coal using various binders and the possibility of further coking, designing and manufacturing equipment for the implementation of technology. Method or methodology of the work: The standard methods of theoretical and experimental research widely used in metallurgy, machine building, computer systems, etc. were used in the work. The results of the work and their novelty: The characteristics of briquettes on bio-binding and on petroleum pitch with enrichers in the form of rubber-technical soot and anode dust of electrolysers for aluminum production have been established. It is revealed that the calorific value of briquettes is higher than that of Ekibastuz coal(Pavlodar region) by 20-40%, and the heating value is the highest for briquettes with an enrichment agent in the form of anode dust and a binder in the form of petroleum pitch (-NH combustion = 6840.8 kcal / kg). The structures of the soot separator, sorting and sifting equipment, mixing laboratory equipment, the mouthend briquetting press, the briquetting press and the screw mixer with the heater have been designed. Based on the results of the research, the project manager and co-authors published 15 scientific publications, patents and theses of international conferences. Application area: Briquettes for bio-binding can be used as fuel for combustion in centralized village boiler houses, private houses and farms. Briquettes on petroleum pitch with an enrichment agent in the form of anodic dust of aluminum electrolysis can be used as industrial briquettes for further use in metallurgy. Forecasting assumptions about the development of the object of research: Further studies are required to assess the feasibility of using industrial briquettes for coking and use in metallurgy, the manufacture of laboratory and research equipment to further commercialize the project.

Empirical model for prediction of density and water resistance of corn cob briquettes

Biomass obtained from agricultural wastes have a high potential for energy generation, particularly in developing countries. The poor properties of the agricultural biomass cause handling problems and limit the suitability as fuel in conventional grates. Densification of biomass into briquettes enhances its fuel properties. In this study, effects of pressure (9, 15 MPa), temperature (90, 120°C), hold time (7.5, 15 minutes) and particle size (< 2.5 mm, > 2.5 mm) on physical properties of corn cob briquettes were investigated using a 2-level full factorial experimental design. A laboratory scale uniaxial briquetting press was used for densification of the milled corn cobs.The properties of briquettes considered are the density, which ranges from 578 to 1,272 kg/m3, and water resistance, which ranges from 32.7 to 94.8%. The empirical models developed for density and water resistance had coefficient of multiple determination for prediction of 80.42% and 95.82% respectively. The significant factors for density of the briquettes were pressure, temperature and particle size. The temperature and particle size along with their interaction was significant in determination of the water resistance. The empirical models predicted experimental data closely.

Empirical model for prediction of density and water resistance of corn cob briquettes

Biomass obtained from agricultural wastes have a high potential for energy generation, particularly in developing countries. The poor properties of the agricultural biomass cause handling problems and limit the suitability as fuel in conventional grates. Densification of biomass into briquettes enhances its fuel properties. In this study, effects of pressure (9, 15 MPa), temperature (90, 120°C), hold time (7.5, 15 minutes) and particle size ( 2.5 mm) on physical properties of corn cob briquettes were investigated using a 2-level full factorial experimental design. A laboratory scale uniaxial briquetting press was used for densification of the milled corn cobs.The properties of briquettes considered are the density, which ranges from 578 to 1,272 kg/m3, and water resistance, which ranges from 32.7 to 94.8%. The empirical models developed for density and water resistance had coefficient of multiple determination for prediction of 80.42% and 95.82% respectively. The significant factors for density of the briquettes were pressure, temperature and particle size. The temperature and particle size along with their interaction was significant in determination of the water resistance. The empirical models predicted experimental data closely.

Roll Briquetting for Recycling of Aluminum Wire

The properties of briquettes of chopped aluminum wire after roller briquetting are determined. Increasing the relative cell depth by 50% reduces the compression ratio by 11% and the drop strength by 13%. The dependence of the compression ratio and the distribution of density and drop strength on the relative depth of the cell in the roll of the briquetting press is established for different cell configurations.

Energy Balance of Briquette Production from Various Waste Biomass

Abstract Production of briquette bio-fuel is related to several aspects of densification process. The present paper deals with the relation between briquette volume density ρ (kg·m−3) and required deformation energy Ed (J). Wood, energy crop and cardboard feedstocks were compressed by a laboratory briquetting press of two diameters (40 and 65 mm); in this way six kinds of briquette samples (W40, W65, E40, E65, C40, C65) were produced. The values of compressing force F (N) and briquette volume density ρ were measured directly during feedstock densification; the deformation energy Ed was calculated subsequently. The amount of deformation energy Ed consumed within the achievement of specific briquette volume density ρ levels differed in case of all samples, the same as the maximum achieved briquette volume density ρ levels. Best results, i.e. efficiency of briquette production (the highest ρ, the lowest Ed), were achieved by cardboard samples, followed by wood and finally by energy crop samples. An overall evaluation indicated a higher production efficiency of briquette samples 40 mm in diameter and the disadvantage of the production of briquette samples with briquette volume density ρ &gt; 1000 kg·m−3; above such level, the amount of consumed deformation energy Ed increased disproportionately sharply.

Bamboo Fiber and Sugarcane Skin as a Bio-Briquette Fuel

The present study deals with the issue of bio-briquette fuel produced from specific agriculture residues, namely bamboo fiber (BF) and sugarcane skin (SCS). Both materials originated from Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and were subjected to analysis of their suitability for such a purpose. A densification process using a high-pressure briquetting press proved its practicability for producing bio-briquette fuel. Analysis of fuel parameters exhibited a satisfactory level of all measured quality indicators: ash content Ac (BF—1.16%, SCS—8.62%) and net calorific value NCV (BF—16.92 MJ∙kg−1, SCS—17.23 MJ∙kg−1). Equally, mechanical quality indicators also proved satisfactory; bio-briquette samples’ mechanical durability DU occurred at an extremely high level (BF—97.80%, SCS—97.70%), as did their bulk density ρ (BF—986.37 kg·m−3, SCS—1067.08 kg·m−3). Overall evaluation of all observed results and factors influencing the investigated issue proved that both waste biomass materials, bamboo fiber and sugarcane skin, represent suitable feedstock materials for bio-briquette fuel production, and produced bio-briquette samples can be used as high-quality fuels.

Evaluation of selected physical and mechanical properties of briquettes produced from cones of three coniferous tree species

The aim of the research was to determine the production viability and mechanical durability of briquettes made of shredded cones of three species: Scots pine, Norway spruce and European larch The agglomeration was carried out under constant operating conditions (at 20% of material moisture content, briquette diameter of 50 mm, at throughput of 50 kg h−1) in an industrial briquetting press. The particle size distribution of the shredded material was determined. The produced briquettes were evaluated for their density, mechanical durability and compressive strength. At moisture content of approximately 20%, the highest briquette density (1078 kg m−3), durability (97.87%) and compressive strength (9.69 MPa) were obtained for spruce briquettes. Pine cone briquettes showed the lowest density (938 kg m−3) and compressive strength (2.81 MPa), while larch cone briquettes had the lowest durability (87.58%). The produced briquettes were of high quality in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics. The novelty of research was the use of crushed cones of coniferous species, which are waste in seed extraction facilities, and due to the low bulk density, they are difficult to store and transport over long distances. After agglomeration, they form briquettes with good physical and mechanical parameters that can be used in local heating plants and stoves.

Briquettes Properties after Four Years Storage

. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests intent on the study of storage place, placing manner and storage time on mechanical properties of briquettes made from poplar chips. For the briquettes production the briquetting press of the firm Briklis was used, type BrikStar 30-12, of 50 mm pressure chamber diameter. All briquettes were made at the briquetting press all parameters constant adjustment. The briquettes properties were evaluated by their density and rupture force determination. Moreover the mechanical durability, the gross calorific value, the total moisture and the ash content were determined. By the carried out tests it was univocally proved that the mode of storage influences briquettes durability at their long-term storage most of all Briquettes, deposited in the well closed plastic bag in closed heated room, changed their properties during four years only minimally. Briquettes, deposited in the same place but in plastic net bag, changed their properties much more. Briquettes, deposited in the well closed plastic bag in closed unheated room, changed their properties during four years only minimally. Briquettes, deposited in plastic net bag, changed their properties to such a degree that they were practically unusable. On the basis of the carried out tests it is possible to state that for the parameter of briquettes quality evaluation the rupture force can be recommended.

Influence of Moisture Content of Feedstock Materials on Briquettes Properties

Current contribution contains of results of experimental measurements performed within the determination of initial raw feedstock materials moisture content and its influence on final properties of subsequently produced briquettes. A birch wood chips samples with five different moisture contents, specifically 5.0%, 7.6%, 16.7%, 19.0% and 27.7%, were used for experimental investigations. Investigated briquette samples were produced by hydraulic high-pressure briquetting press Briklis, type BrikStar 30-12 with cylindrical pressing chamber of 50 mm. All investigated briquette samples were produced under the same conditions with constant adjustment of all parameters of used briquetting press. A basic physical-mechanical properties of investigated briquette samples were used as a criteria of investigations evaluation. All measured values were subjected to the statistical analysis. Final evaluation of measured values indicated that best results were achieved by briquette samples produced from feedstock material with moisture content equal to 7.6%. Evaluation of current investigation also proved that if moisture content was higher or lower, the quality of produced briquette samples decreased.