Brinell Hardness Measurements Research Articles

Investigation and Optimization of The Effect of Anhydrous Borax Mineral on The Vickers Hardness and Indentation Modulus Values of Iron Material

In this study, 5% and 10% by weight of anhydrous borax (AHB) was added to the iron (Fe) matrix material by powder metallurgy method and the effects of the additive ratio on the Vickers hardness (HV), Brinell hardness (HB) and Indentation modulus (EIT) values of the composites (Fe/AHB) were investigated. In the productions carried out using Taguchi experimental design method, AHB additive ratio, and sintering temperature parameters were selected as control parameters that were thought to affect the physical and/or mechanical properties of the Fe/AHB composite materials. The productions were carried out according to the Taguchi L4 orthogonal array, which was created depending on the control parameters and levels. Vickers hardness and indentation modulus measurements of pure iron and Fe/AHB composite materials were performed in accordance with BS EN ISO 14577-1 standard and Brinell hardness measurement was performed in accordance with TS EN ISO 6506-1 standard. According to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis performed with the experimental data, it was determined that the 10% AHB additive ratio and 950oC sintering temperature optimized all the investigated properties of the Fe/AHB composite material. It was determined that the values for Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness and indentation modulus increased by 142.03%, 69.32% and 144.11%, respectively, in the levels where the properties of the composite material were optimized compared to pure Fe material. As a result of the qualitative examination of all samples after storage in a comfortable environment without daylight, it was also observed that the anhydrous borax additive delayed the corrosion time of pure iron material.

Sustainability in the Manufacturing of Eco-Friendly Aluminum Matrix Composite Materials

The purpose of this work was to consolidate the eco-friendly Al–SiC composites prepared with various weight fractions of ceramic particles (0; 2.5; 5; 10; 15 wt.% SiC) in the energy-saving sintering process under vacuum and in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C. The density of the manufactured composites was determined using Archimedes’ method. The mechanical properties and strength characteristics of the metal–ceramic interface were measured using three-point flexural and uniaxial compression tests, as well as the Brinell hardness measurement. The tribological properties were evaluated by determining the coefficients of friction and weight losses of the tested materials and identifying the tribological wear mechanisms. Advanced microstructural observation methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used to analyze the microstructure of the composites in detail, including the identification of the phase composition using X-ray analysis methods. Low-cost composites with a porosity not exceeding 7% were successfully produced via energy-saving production routes. Simultaneously, owing to the formation of aluminum nitrides during sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, these composites exhibited mechanical and tribological properties superior to those of materials sintered under vacuum.

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2024 ALUMINUM ALLOYS

This study aims to give theoretical information about the production and characterization of mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloys. AA2024 alloy; It consists of components such as aluminum, copper, magnesium and manganese, and the production of the alloy is usually carried out by different methods such as casting, rolling, extrusion and powder metallurgy. The choice between production methods should be made by considering the purpose and properties of the alloy. While the casting method is used for the production of large-sized parts, the rolling method is suitable for the production of thin sheets and strips, and the extrusion method is suitable for the production of profiles and pipes of various shapes. The powder metallurgy method, on the other hand, is carried out by shaping the powdered components of the alloy with a special pressing process and then sintering at high temperature. Alloys produced by this method exhibit high strength properties with their high density and homogeneous microstructures. The mechanical properties of AA2024 alloy are generally determined using various characterization methods such as tensile test, hardness measurement and fatigue life tests. The tensile test is used to determine the tensile strength, tensile elongation ratio and elastic tension properties of the alloy. The hardness measurement is used to determine the surface hardness of the alloy. Surface hardness can be performed using Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell hardness measurement methods. The fatigue life test is used to determine the fatigue strength of the alloy. In this test, the fatigue life of the specimen under repetitive loads is determined. The mechanical properties of AA2024 alloy may vary depending on production methods, alloy components, temperature and environmental conditions. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the alloy must be optimized for a particular application. 2024 aluminum alloys produced by powder metallurgy method are expected to exhibit high density, homogeneous microstructure and high strength properties as a result of hardness, tensile and fatigue tests.

Influence of manganese content on the microstructure and properties of AlSi10MnMg(Fe) alloy for die castings

This paper was to determine the effect of different manganese addition contents from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.% on the microstructure, HB hardness and selected mechanical properties (UTS; YS; EL) of AlSi10MnMg alloy with increased iron content (about 1.0 wt.%). The proportion of iron in the studied alloy is so high because approx. 50% of the charge came from secondary materials.Chemical composition tests were performed using a Foundry Master Compact 8 emission spectrometer. Static tensile testing at ambient temperature was carried out according to PN-EN ISO 6892-1 on an Instron 3382 using a 20:1 ratio and a constant tensile speed of 5 mm/min-1. Tensile strength (UTS), conventional yield strength (YS), and per cent elongation after rupture of a proportional sample (EL) were determined from this test. Brinell hardness measurement was performed on a Zwick ZHF1, with a loading force of 250 N, with a 5 mm diameter ball for 35 s. Ten measurements were taken, discarding the two outliers, and the arithmetic mean was calculated from the remaining measurements. Metallographic studies were conducted on a MeF-2 Reichert light microscope. X-ray microanalysis studies were carried out on a Hitachi S-3400 scanning microscope coupled to an EDS Voyager X-ray spectrometer equipped with an SE secondary and BSE backscattered electron detector. Chemical composition analysis was performed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) using a Thermo Noran detector.Increased iron content in aluminium-silicon alloys is a major concern. It causes a significant reduction in the mechanical properties of the materials. This is due, among other things, to the increasing scarcity of primary materials (high cost and environmentally unjustifiable) versus the increasing share of recycled materials. Based on the study, AlSi10MnMg(Fe) alloys obtained under pressure with higher iron content (about 1% wt.), the optimal value of manganese addition is about 0.58% wt.This research has shown that it is possible to use recycled Al-Si materials. The article presents one way to reduce the negative impact of iron addition to aluminium alloys as a result of reusing this type of material.The article presents the effect of manganese addition on the selected aluminium alloy. It was determined that the addition of manganese in the amount of 0.58% wt. causes a significant reduction in the negative effect of iron phases. The article is intended not only for the academic community but also for specialists in the foundry industry.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Cost SiC-Reinforced Aluminum and Al4Cu Matrix Composites Produced by Sintering in Vacuum.

Composite materials based on Al and Al4Cu with the addition of SiC particles (2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 wt.%) were produced in low-cost conventional powder metallurgy processes involving mixing, compacting with a pressure of 300 MPa, and sintering at 600 °C in a vacuum atmosphere. An attempt was made to create a relationship between the vacuum sintering and the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/SiC composites. The strength of the matrix-reinforcing interface depends on the chemical composition of the components; therefore, the influence of 4 wt.% copper in the aluminum matrix was investigated. Comprehensive microstructural and mechanical properties (including Brinell hardness, compressive and flexural strength measurements) of the produced composites were measured. The addition of 2.5 wt.% SiC to the Al4Cu matrix improved the mechanical properties of the composites compared to the matrix. In the composite with the addition of 2.5 wt.% of SiC, while the addition of the reinforcement did not affect the hardness and compressive strength and caused a rapid decrease in the flexural strength compared to the aluminum matrix, the addition of Cu to the matrix of this composite improved hardness (from 25 to 49 HB), compressive strength (from 423 to 618 MPa), and flexural strength (from 52 to 355 MPa).

Resistance to Abrasive Wear with Regards to Mechanical Properties Using Low-Alloy Cast Steels Examined with the Use of a Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Tester.

This paper focuses on relationship between the mechanical properties and abrasive wear resistance, expressed by the Kb index, using an example of low-alloy cast steels. In order to achieve the aim of this work, eight cast steels of varying chemical composition were designed, cast and then heat treated. The heat treatment involved quenching and tempering at 200, 400 and 600 °C. Structural changes caused by tempering are demonstrated by the different morphologies of the carbide phases in the ferritic matrix. In the first part of this paper, the present state of knowledge about the influence of structure and hardness on the tribological properties of steels is discussed. This research involved the evaluation of a material's structure, as well as its tribological and mechanical properties. Microstructural observations were performed using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Next, tribological tests were carried-out with the use of a dry sand/rubber wheel tester. To determine the mechanical properties, Brinell hardness measurements and a static tensile test were carried out. The relationship between the determined mechanical properties and abrasive wear resistance was then investigated. The analyses also provided information regarding the heat treatment states of the analyzed material in the as-cast and as-quenched states. It was found that the abrasive wear resistance, expressed by the index Kb, was most strongly correlated with hardness and yield point. In addition, observations of the wear surfaces indicated that the main wear mechanisms were microcutting and microplowing.

Study on Postfrac Softening Mechanism of Deep Marine Shale Reservoir in South Sichuan Basin

Shale softening is an important factor affecting fracturing effect. Through the Brinell hardness measurement of deep marine shale reservoir in South Sichuan Basin, the softening mechanism of shale after fracturing is explored. Through laboratory test, the key parameters of shale Brinell hardness measurement are proposed as follows: indenter size 5 mm, loading force 613 N, 1226 N, and 2452 N, and holding time > 10 s . It is determined that the content of quartz and clay is the main factor controlling the Brinell hardness of dry shale samples, and the mineral composition, microstructure, and fluid system jointly affect the shale softening process. The results show that (1) the marine shale in the South Sichuan Basin softens obviously, with the Brinell hardness decrease by more than 50%, (2) microfracture propagation and clay hydration expansion accelerate the shale softening process, leading to the decreased porosity and the increased number of micro-pores, and (3) the softening process is different between middeep shale and deep shale, with the latter characterized by high initial hardness and low softening rate.

Evaluation of fatigue damage of a railhead using an indentation test, acoustic methods and microstructural observations

The paper presents an investigation of the railhead steel R260. Brinell hardness was measured, spherical microindentation tests were performed and the microstructure was analysed using optical microscopy and SEM images. Fatigue damage in various near-surface regions of the railhead was estimated on the basis of local deterioration of elastic modulus and the development of plastic work in cyclic microindentation tests. There is a clear difference in hardness and fatigue damage between the used and the virgin regions of the railhead. The Brinell hardness and ultrasonic measurements show a change in material properties due to rail manufacturing process.

Hardness measurements as a technique for measuring accumulated fatigue damage

PurposeBrinell, Vickers and low-force Vickers hardness measurements are herein adopted to investigate and quantify the fatigue damage evolution in specimens made of S355J2+AR ferritic pearlitic steel. Though nano and microhardness measurements have been well adopted, they require a strict preparation routine, whereas macroscopic hardness measurements are not as stringent.Design/methodology/approachThe feasibility of adopting macroscopic hardness measurements as a means of measuring fatigue damage is investigated through a combination of experimental tests and finite element analyses with both Brinell and Vickers hardness indenter.FindingsIt is found that the Brinell hardness measurements method seems more feasible, regarding finding a continuous and significant change during the fatigue life, in comparison to both Vickers and low-force Vickers. Thereafter, the question regarding the feasibility of the hardness measurements as a method of assessing accumulated fatigue damage in situ is discussed.Originality/valueMuch work has previously been performed towards correlation of the micro and nano hardness indentations, which generally has stringent preparation requirements before testing. Herein, the adoption of macroscopic hardness measurements as a means of assessing accumulated fatigue damage is considered both experimentally and theoretically.

Dispersion mechanism-induced variations in microstructural and mechanical behavior of CNT-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites

The combination of powder metallurgy and ball milling method has been widely regarded as the most beneficial route for producing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. In this study, the effects of different milling times (1, 2, 4, and 8 h) on the structural, morphological, and crystallographic properties of MWCNTs-reinforced Al7075 composite powders were characterized by particle size analyzer, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After the morphological and structural characterization of the milled powders, the microstructural and mechanical properties of the hot-pressed composites were evaluated using an optical microscope, SEM, density, and Brinell hardness measurements. Considering milled powder characterization, the MWCNTs were gradually distributed and embedded within the matrix as the milling time increased. Milling for 8 h resulted in a minimum level of particle size (11 µm) with shortened and uniformly dispersed CNTs. Brinell hardness of the composite increased from 91 to 237 HB -a ⁓%160 after 8 h of milling. Such a remarkable increment in hardness could be attributed to several concurrent strengthening effects related to dispersion, solution, grain refinement, and Orowan looping mechanisms. However, relative density results revealed that the composite produced by 2 h milled powders exhibited the highest density (%99.96). The observed differences between hardness and density results were ascribed to powders’ deteriorated packing and sintering behavior due to an increment in the hardness of particles and variation in particle size range and morphology, which resulted from following different milling protocols.

Mechanical and Microstructural Anisotropy of Laser Powder Bed Fusion 316L Stainless Steel.

This paper aims at an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel (W. Nr. 1.4404, CL20ES) produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The experiment in its first part includes an extensive study of the anisotropy of mechanical and microstructural properties in relation to the built orientation and the direction of loading, which showed significant differences in tensile properties among samples. The second part of the experiment is devoted to the influence of the process parameter focus level (FL) on mechanical properties, where a 48% increase in notched toughness was recorded when the level of laser focus was identical to the level of melting. The FL parameter is not normally considered a process parameter; however, it can be intentionally changed in the service settings of the machine or by incorrect machine repair and maintenance. Evaluation of mechanical and microstructural properties was performed using the tensile test, Charpy impact test, Brinell hardness measurement, microhardness matrix measurement, porosity analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. Across the whole spectrum of samples, performed analysis confirmed the high quality of LPBF additive manufactured material, which can be compared with conventionally produced material. A very low level of porosity in the range of 0.036 to 0.103% was found. Microstructural investigation of solution annealed (1070 °C) tensile test samples showed an outstanding tendency to recrystallization, grain polygonization, annealing twins formation, and even distribution of carbides in solid solution.

Development of Rapidly-Quenched Al-Ge-Si Filler Alloys for the Joining of Stainless Steel AISI 304 and Aluminum Alloy AA6082

Aluminum alloys based on the Al-Ge-Si system with a germanium content of up to 40 wt.%, promising for the brazing of aluminum alloy AA6082 with the stainless steel AISI 304, were studied. The temperature characteristics and microstructural and mechanical properties of the filler alloys were systematically investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that with an increase in the germanium content from 28.0 to 40.0 wt.%, the liquidus temperature of the filler alloys decreased from 514.8 to 474.3 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy data showed that the foil of the filler alloys reveals a homogeneous structure. The ingots of the alloys contain two eutectics, the first of which consists of a solid solution of (Al, Ge) with a solid solution of (Ge, Si), and the second consists of a solid solution of (Al, Ge) with a solid solution based on (Ge). When the content of germanium increases from 28.0 to 40.0 wt.%, a separation of the faceted solid solution particles (Ge, Si) and an increase in their number could be observed. Nanohardness measurements showed that the (Ge, Si) and (Ge) solid solutions had similar nanohardness, with values of 11.6 and 10.2 GPa, respectively. Simultaneously, the Al solid solution and the intermetallic Al7Ge2Fe phase exhibited significantly lower nanohardness values of 0.7 and 6.7 GPa, respectively. Brinell hardness measurements showed that the ingots of the filler alloys were sufficiently ductile and had a hardness comparable to that of AA6082, which is used for brazing with AISI 304 stainless steel. The obtained results for the studied ingots and the rapidly quenched foils can be used to predict the forming structure of the seam after brazing and adjusted for diffusion processes occurring between the brazed materials and the studied filler alloys.

STUDY OF THE SUITABILITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CASTING MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A SHIP ENGINE

The objective of this work was to study the suitability of three types of cast iron for the manufacture of a ship engine: EN-GJS-500-7U for the manufacture of the engine block, EN-GJS-400-15U for the cylinder head and EN-GJL-200 for the liner. Tensile tests were carried out to obtain the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of each material. The results for the UTS were: 460 MPa for EN-GJS-500-7U, 390 MPa for EN-GJS-400-15U and 170 MPa for EN-GJL-200. Likewise, Brinell-hardness measurements were carried out and the elements present in the materials were determined with spectrometry. Finally, the size of graphite particles in each sample was determined.

Fracture and Embedment Behavior of Brittle Submicrometer Spherical Particles Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Melting in Liquid Using a Scanning Electron Microscope Nanoindenter.

Generally, hard ceramic carbide particles, such as B4C and TiC, are angulated, and particle size control below the micrometer scale is difficult owing to their hardness. However, submicrometer particles (SMPs) with spherical shape can be experimentally fabricated, even for hard carbides, via instantaneous pulsed laser heating of raw particles dispersed in a liquid (pulsed laser melting in liquid). The spherical shape of the particles is important for mechanical applications as it can directly transfer the mechanical force without any loss from one side to the other. To evaluate the potential of such particles for mechanical applications, SMPs were compressed on various substrates using a diamond tip in a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical behaviors of SMPs were then examined from the obtained load–displacement curves. Particles were fractured on hard substrates, such as SiC, and fracture strength was estimated to be in the GPa range, which is larger than their corresponding bulk bending strength and is 10–40% of their ideal strength, as calculated using the density-functional theory. Contrarily, particles can be embedded into soft substrates, such as Si and Al, and the local hardness of the substrate can be estimated from the load–displacement curves as a nanoscale Brinell hardness measurement.

The effect of ball to powder ratio on the processing of a novel Mo-Cu-Al2O3 composite

In the present article a 45Mo-45Cu-10Al2O3 (wt%) nano-composite was produced by mechanical alloying, shaped by cold pressing then by hot pressing at 950 °C. Our aim was to investigate the effect of different ball to powder ratio (BPR) on the particle size and shape, as well as on the material composition. Investigations were done with XRD, SEM and for hot pressed specimens Brinell hardness measurement. Lower BPR resulted in nano-sized crystallites in the powder, a homogenous phase distribution and higher BPR resulted in even smaller crystallite sizes, but with ZrO2 contamination from the milling equipment. The milling resulted in two separate fractions in the metallic phases separated by crystallite size, strain and lattice parameter. After hot pressing, the lower BPR powders developed a homogeneous, evenly distributed microstructure. Cu recrystallized during hot pressing, but still remained nanocrystalline, the crystallite size of Mo and α-Al2O3 decreased even more due to crystallite deformation and in the case of Mo, the lattice strain values indicates that recovery had also happened. The heating eliminated the crystal defects at highly strained areas and the subsequent cooling evened out the stresses in the respective metallic phases. The inner grain structure was revealed by etching, showing that α-Al2O3 particles congregated only at the Mo grain boundaries, but penetrated the Cu grains. The lattice strain values combined with the BSE images reveal that the Cu is the main matrix of the α-Al2O3 particles. The results indicate that the α-Al2O3 particles induced Particle Stimulated Nucleation (PSN) in the Cu explaining its moderate crystallite size increase. The hot pressed samples of higher BPR had higher ceramic (ZrO2 and α-Al2O3) content, resulting in higher hardness, but lower relative density (92.4%), compared to the samples of lower BPR, which reached 97.2% relative density and hardness still significantly higher than MoCu alloys.

Shallow cryogenic treatment: effect on the corrosion resistance and hardness properties of AA5083-H111 alloy in chloride-ions enriched medium

The influence of cryogenic and cryogenic time (10, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) on the hardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance properties of AA5083-H111 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution have been investigated. The hardness property was analysed via the Brinell hardness measurement, the corrosion resistance property was measured electrochemically, while the morphological studies were undertaken using the SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results disclose that the shallow cryogenic treatment at −80°C improves the alloy’s hardness, surface roughness, and the corrosion resistance. The best cryogenic treatment time is 24 h. Cryogenic treatment for 24 h increases the alloy’s hardness from 71.3 HB to 74.90 HB, reduces the average surface roughness from 534.000 nm to 105.634 nm, and increases the total charge transfer resistance from 18139 Ω cm2 to 26230 Ω cm2. The improvement is linked to settling of fine particles on the alloy surface. The SEM results support these claims.

The Effect of the Elements Co and Ni on Wear Behaviour of Bronze Alloys Produced by the Hot Pressing Method

In this study, samples were produced via the Hot Isostatic pressing method by adding the elements Ni and Co at different rates into Cu–Sn (85/15) alloys. Due to their physical, thermal, and wear properties, Cu–Sn bronze alloys are widely used in journal bearings and bushings in automotive applications. In order to improve the mechanical properties of Cu–Sn alloys, it was aimed to increase their hardness and wear resistances by adding the elements Ni and Co at certain rates. By taking SEM images of the produced samples, their microstructures were examined, the hardness measurements were carried out using Brinell hardness measurement method and the porosity rates were determined based on Archimedes’ principle by conducting density measurements. Additionally, the effects of Ni and Co elements added to improve the wear properties of these alloys on wear were investigated.

On the long-term aging of S-phase in aluminum alloy 2618A

The aluminum alloy 2618A is applied for engine components such as radial compressor wheels which operate for long time at elevated temperatures. This results in coarsening of the hardening precipitates and degradation in mechanical properties during the long-term operation, which is not taken into account in the current lifetime prediction models due to the lack of quantitative microstructural and mechanical data. To address this issue, a quantitative investigation on the evolution of precipitates during long-term aging at 190 °C for up to 25,000 h was conducted. Detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was combined with Brinell hardness measurements and thorough differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The results show that GPB zones and S-phase Al2CuMg grow up to < 1,000 h during which the GPB zones dissolve and S-phase precipitates form. For longer aging times, only S-phase precipitates coarsen, which can be well described using the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory of ripening. A thorough understanding of the underlying microstructural processes is a prerequisite to enable the integration of aging behavior into the established lifetime models for components manufactured from alloy 2618A.

Effect of chemical composition on the microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity profiles of the Bi-Ge-In alloys

In this study, the microstructure, hardness, and electrical properties of selected ternary Bi-Ge-In alloys were investigated. Isothermal sections of the Bi-Ge-In system at 25, 200, and 300 ° C were extrapolated using optimized thermodynamic parameters from the literature. The used experimental techniques include optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), Brinell hardness, and electrical conductivity measurements. The results of EDS phase composition analysis were compared with the calculated isothermal sections and a good overall agreement was reached. The results of the XRD were also in line with the predicted phase balance. By using ANOVA analysis and experimental results of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity, a mathematical model was suggested for the calculation of these properties along with all composition ranges. The appropriated mathematical model was subsequently used for the prediction of hardness and electrical conductivity throughout the whole composition range.

Assessment of the possibility of quenching pipes made of titanium alloys after pressing

The purpose of the work is to determine the possibility of quenching pipes made of titanium alloys after pressing. To evaluate the level of properties and the structure of pipes after quenching, which will ensure further cold rolling. Methodology. The following methods used: metallographic methods that research-optical microscopy, tensile testing of pipes to assess mechanical properties, Brinell and Rockwell hardness measurements. Results. The structure and mechanical properties of pipes made from Gr 9 and PT-1M titanium alloys after pressing and quenching in water were studied in comparison with air cooling. The possibility of quenching pipes after pressing is shown. The level of mechanical properties and type of structure allows for subsequent plastic deformation of pipes by cold rolling methods. After quenching, the pipe should be thermally treated. Scientific novelty. The impact of quenching after pressing on the structure and mechanical properties of pipes made from titanium alloys has been established. The possibility of quenching pipes after pressing is shown. Practical significance. The established possibility of the quenching process allowed in the technological process of manufacturing titanium pipes to improve the surface quality of pressed pipes, avoid the operation of turning and thereby reduce the consumption coefficient of the metal.