Brine Shrimp Cytotoxic Activity Research Articles

Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Some Marine Seaweeds along the Coastline of Bandar Abbas, Iran

Applications of seaweeds as food ingredients and bioactive compounds are increasing these days. Many of seaweeds have to be evaluated for these purposes. This study investigated the biological activities of organic extracts of four green and a red macroalgae collected from the coast of Bandar Abbas, Iran. After species identification, the bioactivities of seaweeds have been studied by antioxidant assay (Ferric reducing power and total antioxidant capacity), total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antibacterial activity, and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity on model organism, Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906) were anaysed. The results revealed the most effective algal extracts by maximum antioxidant capacity were recorded using methanol extracts of Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus 1753, and Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh 1811. In addition, the highest content of total phenolic content was recorded by green seaweeds. While, the highest flavonoid content was obtained from Gracilariopsis persica Bellorin, Sohrabipour & E.C. Oliveira. Most extracts showed significant antibacterial effects, with disk diffusion method. Among the various extracts, the n-hexane extract was found the highest zone of inhibition against analyzed pathogenic bacteria. U. intestinalis and U. clathrate have a better antimicrobial activity and are a potential source of antimicrobial compounds. Further, we found a best toxic effect to A. salina in n-hexane extract of G. persica, LC50 =125 μg/ml. Generally, the findings can be introduced the green seaweeds as priority species for biological properties and can be subject of isolation of the natural antimicrobials.

Comparative in-vitro anticancer and brine shrimp cytotoxic activities of Mezoneuron benthamianum Baill.

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of global mortality and recently, it has been established that there is a link between periodontal disease and various types of cancer. In Nigeria, chewing sticks are used especially in the rural areas to maintain oral hygiene and to prevent periodontal disease. Mezoneuron benthamianum is a plant that is used locally as a chewing stick in the southwest of Nigeria, but there has been no report on its anticancer properties. Aim: This study is aimed at determining the anticancer activity using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and brine shrimp cytotoxic activity of the extracts of M. benthamianum . Setting: The roots of M. benthamianum were obtained from Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, and were identified and authenticated at the University of Ibadan Herbarium. Methods: The plant sample was subsequently dried, pulverised and extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol to give the different extracts which were tested against four cell lines (Lung A549, Lung NCI-H322, Breast T47D and Prostate PC-3) using the SRB assay and were also evaluated against brine shrimp nauplii . Results: The results of the study showed that the different extracts of M. benthamianum had selective and consistent cytotoxic activity against the Lung (A549), Lung (NCI-H322) and Breast (T47D) cell lines, having a percentage growth inhibition ranging from 36% to 63%. The hexane and dichloromethane extracts also gave LC 50 values of 99.96 and 29.29 against brine shrimp cytotoxic activity. Conclusion: These results justify the use of M. benthamianum in folkloric medicine.

Characterization of quality and pharmacological assessment of Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise) seeds cultivars

Pimpinella anisum L. seeds of the two cultivars were assessed for their nutritional quality and safety assessment through proximate, chemical and pharmacological studies. The proximate composition along with rich mineral elements as well as minor level of toxic elements indicated the good quality of seeds. The GC–MS analyses of hydro distilled volatile oils of two cultivars contained 16 constituents. The main constituents in BSRC (Bangladesh Spice Research Centre) seeds were trans-anethole (83.67%), fenchone (5.29%) and 1,2-diisopropenylcyclobutane (6.31%) whereas, trans-anethole (69.94%), fenchone (11.184%) and d-limonene (13.007%) were the main constituents in local market seeds. The IC50 values of DPPH antioxidant activity showed at 48.71 and 52.48 mg/mL, in BSRC and local market seeds cultivars essential oils respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils showed moderate activity in both cultivars against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Both oils had some similarity in physiochemical properties and antimicrobial activity. The brine shrimp cytotoxic activity of the essential oils exhibited weaker activity than the standard drug at 3.06 and 2.86 μg/mL (IC50) in BSRC and local market seed cultivars respectively. The present investigation demonstrated good nutritional quality with rich bioactive phytoconstituents as well as low level of toxic elements of anise seeds. The research findings can open up a new possibility for exportation of indigenously cultivated spices as well as recommendations for food and pharmaceutical industries.

Chemical, pharmacological and nutritional quality assessment of black pepper (Piper nigrumL.) seed cultivars

The present research has been performed on black pepper of two cultivars to evaluate their nutritional quality and safety issue on the basis of proximate, chemical and pharmacological properties. The proximate results were compiled with the standard USDA limits. K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Al and Se were detected as major elements, whereas the toxic elements were found within the recommended limit. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils showed the presence of δ-3-carene (32.61%) as the major component in Kerala cultivar whereas β-caryophyllene (18.39%) was the major components in Indigenous cultivar. The IC50 values of DPPH antioxidant activity of the essential oils were found to be 44.16 and 22.88 mg/mL in Indigenous and Kerala cultivars, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils showed good activity in both cultivars. The LC50 values of the brine shrimp cytotoxic activity were 1.03 and 1.21 μg/mL in Indigenous and Kerala cultivars, respectively. Practical applications Spice quality is an important issue in the food industries as well as export markets. Due to the toxicological effect of imported spices, much attention has been paid to the safety issue especially on cytotoxicity and toxic metal contaminations. The present study reveals that both cultivars possess rich amount of nutritional components, essential minerals, phyto and flavouring components in their essential oils and recommended level of toxic elements as well as decent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study promises to scaffold a new window for exportation of quality spice and confer potential for use in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential in Artemisia vulgaris L.

Abstract Artemisia vulgaris L. (Mugwort or Afsantin) has been used to treat various diseases since ancient times by the inhabitants of Himalayan region-Pakistan. Methanolic fractions (HA1-HA9) obtained from the aerial parts of A. vulgaris were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and brine shrimp cytotoxic activities. Fraction HA8 showed substantial phenolics content with value of 26.29±1.4μgEQ/mg and DPPH scavenging (82.84±3.01%). Conversely, total flavonoids content of 7.32±0.07μgEQ/mg was determined in HA1 fraction. Fraction HA1 also showed significant cytotoxic effect with the value LD50 of 144.94μg/mL. Fractions HA7 and HA9 depicted maximum total antioxidant activity and ferric ion reduction (96.25±3.29 and AAE/mg and 176.91±8, respectively). All fractions showed encouraging results against bacterial strains Bordetella bronchiseptica and Micrococcus luteus, while HA2 fraction showed the highest percentage inhibition Mucor species with zone of inhibition of 13.25±0.35mm. A total of 7 fractions showed significant antileishmanial activity with survival percentage ranging 0.00 to 19. To sum up, results of the current study indicated that the plant can be further explored for isolation of antileishmanial and antimicrobial compounds, which could be used for drug development.

Brine Shrimp Cytotoxic Activity of Morinda elliptica Leaves and Root Crude Extracts

This survey was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of Morinda elliptica leaves and root extract after successive maceration in four solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) ethyl acetate and methanol) and cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). 10 nauplii were placed in different concentrations (in three replicates each) of the plant extracts, after 24 hours the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. The result of the survey showed a concentration dependent increment in mortality rate of the brine shrimp nauplii and n-hexane and methanol fractions of the leaves and root extracts were more potent against the brine shrimp with LC50 values of 35.483 ppm and 39.259 ppm (μg/ml) respectively, whereas ethyl acetate of both the extracts exhibited lower potent activity with LC50 values 62.250 ppm and 102.250 ppm (μg/ml) in roots and leaves respectively. These findings indicated that bioactive ingredients are present in the plants that could account for its pharmacological effects.

Phenolic profiles and brine shrimp cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from the aerial part of Crocus alatavicus L.

The aim of this study is to investigate the phenolic profiles and evaluate the brine shrimp cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract from the aerial part of C. alatavicus, an endemic species of Kazakhstan flora. Nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Preliminary cytotoxicity of the extract was determined by the brine shrimp (Artemiasalina) assay. The results reveal that the ethanolic extract from the aerial part of Crocus alatavicus exhibit a high cytotoxicity with LC50 15.71 μg/mL.

Brine shrimp cytotoxic activities of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn leaves extracts

extract. Results: The mortality of aqueous extract was 46.7%, methanol extract was 46.7%, ethanolic extract was 50.0%, ethyl acetate was 26.7%, acetone extract was 33.3%, chloroform extract was 40.0% and n-hexane extract was 33.3%. The lowest LD50 was found in methanol extracts (1 199.97 µg/mL). Brine shrimp cytotoxicity of tested extracts of H. rhamnoides showed that mortality rate was concentration dependent. Conclusions: It is concluded that bioactive components are present in all leaves extracts of H. rhamnoides, which could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of this plant species in traditional medicine.

Brine shrimp cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of Juniperus communis L. berries

Methanolic extracts from Juniperus communis L. berries collected from five different localities in the Republic of Macedonia were evaluated for their cytotoxicity by Brine shrimp lethality assay. The obtained cytotoxic activity is descending as follows: Pelister (128 μg/ mL) > Jakupica (221 μg/mL) > Prilep (662 μg/mL) > Demir Hisar (863 μg/mL) > Makedonski Brod (969 μg/mL). Berries collected from mountain areas (Pelister and Jakupica) demonstrated prominent cytotoxic effects, while berries collected from localities near urban areas exhibited lower cytotoxicity. Variations in their bioactivity are probably due to their complex phytochemical composition, which may vary with different ecological and geographical conditions.

Acute toxicity, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, anthelmintic and relaxant potentials of fruits of Rubus fruticosus Agg

BackgroundRubus fruticosus is used in tribal medicine as anthelmintic and an antispasmodic. In the current work, we investigated the anthelmintic and antispasmodic activities of crude methanol extract of fruits of R. fruticosus on scientific grounds. Acute toxicity and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of the extract were also performed.MethodsAcute toxicity study of crude methanol extract of R. fruticosus was performed on mice. In vitro Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was performed on shrimps of Artemia salina. In vitro Anthelmintic activity was tested against Raillietina spiralis and Ascaridia galli. Relaxant activities were tested on spontaneous rabbits’ jejunal preparations. Calcium chloride curves were constructed to elucidate possible mode of action of the extract.ResultsLD 50 of the extract for acute toxicity studies was 887.75 ± 9.22 mg/ml. While CC 50 of the extract for Brine shrimps cytotoxicity assay was 13.28 ± 2.47 μg/ml. Test samples of crude methanolic extract of R. fruticosus (Rf.Cr) at concentration 20 mg/ml showed excellent anthelmintic activity against Raillietina spiralis. Anthelmintic activity was 1.37 times of albendazole against the Raillietina spiralis at concentration 40 mg/ml. At higher concentration (40 mg/ml), Rf.Cr has 89. 83% parasiticidal activity. The mean EC50 relaxation activity for spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions was 7.96 ± 0.1 and 6.45 ± 0.29 mg/ml, respectively. EC 50 (Log[Ca++]M) for control calcium chloride curves was −1.75 ± 0.01 vs. EC 50 −1.78 ± 0.06 in the presence of 3.0 mg/ml of Rf.Cr. Similarly, EC 50(Log[Ca++]M) in the absence and presence of verapamil (0.1 μM) were −2.46 ± 0.01 and −1.72 ± 0.02, respectively.ConclusionsThe anthelmintic and relaxant activities explained traditional uses of R. fruticosus on scientific grounds. Relaxant activity follows the inhibition of voltage gated channels. Although the plant extract has cytotoxic effects, yet it is evident from acute toxicity study that it is safe in concentration 100 mg/kg. Further work is required to isolate pharmacologically active compounds.

English

In this study, four plants [Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng (Euphorbiaceae), Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf (Ephedraceae), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Astraceae),and Quercus dilatata L. (Fegaceae)] collected from different regions of Pakistan were screened to identify any chemotherapeutic agents present in them. Seven methanol extracts of these plants (leaf, stem, and root extracts of C. hierosolymitana; stem and root extracts of E. gerardiana; aerial parts of C. leucanthemum, and aerial parts of Q. dilatata) were examined for cytotoxicity using brine shrimp assay, antitumor activity using potato disc assay, and phytotoxicity activity using radish seed bioassay. Two methanol plant extracts, that is, leaf extract of C. hierosolymitana and root extract of E. gerardiana showed significant brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity ranging from 171.55 to 523.8 ppm. Six of the seven extracts exhibited tumor inhibition at all the three concentrations tested, ranging from 10 to 80%. All extracts showed growth and seed germination inhibition at high concentration against radish seeds, while two extracts (root extract of C. hierosolymitana and aerial parts of Q. dilatata) showed growth stimulating effects at lower concentrations. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, flavones, tannins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides in different concentrations in these extracts. Key words: Antitumor, cytotoxicity, plant extracts, plant growth regulatory factors, phytochemical constituents.