Brilliant Blue G-250 Research Articles

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of BBG-250 loaded liposomal formulation for anticancer potential

BackgroundLiposome-mediated drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment strategies. This study aims to develop and assess liposomal carriers loaded with Brilliant Blue G-250 (BBG-250), a potent P2X7 receptor antagonist that shows potential as an anti-tumor agent. Specifically, two types of liposomal formulations were designed: conventional liposomes composed of hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol, and pH-sensitive liposomes consisting of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-methoxy polyethylene glycol (DSPE-mPEG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and cholesterol. The investigation focuses on understanding the morphological characteristics, size, stability, drug incorporation efficiency, drug release profiles, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity of these liposomal formulations.ResultsAdvanced photon correlation spectroscopy using the Nano Plus-3 instrument was employed to evaluate the liposomes. The optimized conventional liposomes (HSPC-cholesterol ratio 7:3) exhibited a size of 125 ± 0.3 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.21, indicating uniformity. The pH-sensitive liposomes (DOPE:DPPC:DSPE-PEG2000: Cholesterol 4:3:3:0.3) demonstrated a size of 118 ± 1.2 nm with a PDI of 0.230. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the stability of both formulations under physiological conditions, with values of − 16.93 mV for conventional liposomes and − 25.21 mV for pH-sensitive liposomes. Higher drug-to-lipid ratios were found to enhance drug incorporation efficiency. pH-sensitive liposomes exhibited superior drug release characteristics, with 95% release over 24 h, compared to conventional liposomes, which released 70% of the drug. Blood compatibility assessments revealed the safety of both formulations for intravenous administration. Cytotoxicity studies conducted on A549 cell lines demonstrated the cytocompatibility of both liposomal types across a range of concentrations, with IC50 values surpassing those of the reference drug, docetaxel.ConclusionsThis study underscores the potential of liposomal carriers as effective vehicles for delivering BBG-250, highlighting their stability, biocompatibility, and controlled drug release properties. Despite being slightly less potent than the reference drug, docetaxel, these liposomal formulations hold promise for advancing anticancer strategies. The findings contribute to the evolving landscape of innovative cancer therapy drug delivery systems, offering a novel approach to improving treatment outcomes for cancer patients. The successful development and evaluation of these liposomal carriers pave the way for further investigations and potential clinical applications in the field of cancer therapeutics.

A pine leaf form acrylic resin coated coomassie brilliant blue g250-nido-carborane fluorescent complex strategy for tumor cell imaging

Four distinct fluorescence complexes were prepared using a one-pot method: The L100-55-fluorescent complex (LFC), EPO-fluorescent complex (EFC), RS-fluorescent complex (SFC), and RL-fluorescent complex (RFC), respectively. The water solubility, selectivity, and visualization of the carborane have drawn a lot of attention. The carborane's low solubility is resolved, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) G250-nido-carborane's biocompatibility is enhanced. The LFC complex was observed to scaly, branch and spread in (Scanning Electron Microscope) SEM and (Transmission Electron Microscope) TEM, like the pine leaves tightly covering the zwitteric complex. It was discovered that the fluorescent complex of LFC has strong selectivity and can accurately infiltrate tumor cells by imaging of tumor cells in vitro, suggesting that LFC has good biocompatibility. Human prostate cancer cells (PC3), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and Human normal liver cells (LO2) were evaluated under ten various concentration circumstances in the (Cell Counting Kit-8) CCK8 experiment. The proliferation impact was found to be 57.29% and 59.41%, respectively. shown the complex's strong anti-tumor action and little cytotoxicity. The design not only provides an excellent visual fluorescence targeting effect, but it also addresses the issue of nido-caborane-coomassie brilliant blue G250′s bioavailability.

Systematic screening strategy for fungal laccase activity of endophytes from Otoba gracilipes with bioremediation potential

Fungal laccases are promising for biotechnological applications, including bioremediation and dye biotransformation, due to their high redox potential and broad substrate specificity. However, current bioprospecting methods for identifying laccase-producing fungi can be challenging and time-consuming. For early detection, it was developed a three-step, multi-criteria weighting system that evaluates fungal strains based on: First, the biotransformation capacity of three dyes (i.e., Congo red, brilliant blue G-250, and malachite green), at three different pH values, and with a relative weighting supported for the redox potential of each colorant. The relative decolorization coefficient (RDC), used as th2e first classification criterion, expressed their potential performance. Second, under the same conditions, laccase activity was estimated by observing the different degrees of oxidation of a given substrate. The selection criterion was the relative oxidation coefficient (ROC). Finally, laccase activity was quantified in submerged fermentations using three inducers (i.e., loofah sponge, Tween 80, and veratyl alcohol). This multicriteria screening strategy evaluated sixteen isolated endophytic fungal strains from Otoba gracilipes. The system identified Beltraniopsis sp. ET-17 (at pH values of 5.00 and 5.50) as a promising strain for dye biotransformation, and Phlebia floridensis as the best laccase producer, achieving a high activity of 116 μmol min−1 L−1 with loofah sponge as an inducer. In-vitro testing confirmed the efficacy of P. floridensis, with 53.61 % decolorization of a dye mixture (brilliant blue-Congo red. ratio 1:1) after 15 days of incubation. Thus, with the proposed screening strategy it was possible to highlight two species of interest at an early bioprospecting stage on a Colombian native tree poorly explored.

Covalent organic framework membrane on electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride substrate with a hydrophilic intermediate layer

Generally, electrospun membranes have high mechanical strength, high porosity and low permeation resistance. Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted great interest as advanced membrane materials, few works disclosed that the COFs composite membranes were synthesized on electrospun substrates. In this work, the electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were used as substrates for the preparation of COF composite membranes with graphene oxide and oxidized carbon nanotubes (GO-OCNTs) as an intermediate layer. The COF/GO-OCNTs/PVDF composite membranes were prepared by suction filtering the GO-OCNTs intermediate layer on the electrospun substrate, and then interfacial polymerization of COF layer. After adding the intermediate layer, the water permeance and dye retention rate of the composite COF membrane are both improved. By exploring the reaction parameters in the interfacial polymerization process, the optimized membrane shows that the rejection rate of Coomassle brilliant blue G250 (BBG-250) is about 97.1%, and the water permeability achieves 96.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. In addition, the COF/GO-OCNTs/PVDF composite membrane exhibits excellent chemical and mechanical stability. The long-term filtration experiment of the composite membrane shows good water permeation stability. This work provides a method to prepare dense and defect-free COF films on electrospun substrates.

Application of Experimental Design Methodology for Adsorption of Brilliant Blue onto Amberlite XAD-4/Agaricus campestris as a New Biocomposite Adsorbent

This research presents a new biocomposite adsorbents using response surface methodology (RSM) to find the best conditions for highest adsorption of Brilliant Blue G250 (BBG) from aqueous solution by Amberlite XAD-4/Agaricus campestris. The most effective parameters are determined by Plackett–Burman design (PBD) with specific ranges initial dye concentration (5–150 mg.L-1), temperature (20–50°C), contact time (5–100 min), pH (3–11), shaking speed (150–300 rpm), sample volume (5–75 mL), and adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.6 g). Then, in the second step, the optimum condition of effective factors is predicted using steepest ascent design. Finally, optimal medium conditions of effective parameters with central composite design are located. According to RSM, the best adsorbent amount, contact time, initial dye concentration, and sample volume for maximum removal% of BBG (96.72%) are 0.38 g, 60.78 min, 107.13 mg.L-1, and 28.6 mL, respectively. The adsorption of brilliant blue is approved by scanning electron microscopy. Under optimum conditions, it is concluded that XAD4/A. campestr is biocomposite is a suitable adsorbent for removing BBG from aqueous solution.

Safety and efficacy of brilliant blue g250 (BBG) for lens capsular staining: a phase III physician-initiated multicenter clinical trial.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of BBG (Brilliant Blue G250) for lens capsular staining during cataract surgery with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. Prospective clinical study. This clinical trial enrolled 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent cataract surgery with BBG (0.25mg/mL Brilliant Blue G250) for capsular staining. Visualization of the lens capsule and the ease of capsulorhexis with BBG staining were evaluated in five grades (grade 0 to 4) by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee and the surgeons. The safety of BBG was also evaluated in terms of ocular and systemic tolerance for 7days after surgery. The use of BBG improved visualization of the lens capsule and complete capsulorhexis was performed in all patients. The major endpoint (Independent Data Monitoring Committee evaluation) showed that use of BBG improved visualization of the lens capsule and the ease of capsulorhexis (grades 2 to 4); the committee's grading results were similar to those of the surgeons. Frequent complications observed in more than two eyes were conjunctival injection, corneal edema and intraocular pressure elevation. No severe complications were observed in ocular and systemic evaluations. BBG staining contributed to improved visualization of the lens capsule and aided in the completion of capsulorhexis during cataract surgery. The use of BBG for capsular staining also exhibited favorable safety results.

Desalination of dye utilizing carboxylated TiO2/calcium alginate hydrogel nanofiltration membrane with high salt permeation

In order to recover dyes from textile wastewater, a self-supported carboxylated titanium dioxide/calcium alginate (TiO2-COOH/CaAlg) hydrogel nanofiltration membrane was prepared using TiO2-COOH as the reinforcing agent. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping scanning spectra were employed to characterize the distribution of TiO2-COOH nanoparticles on the membrane surface. The pore size distribution, zeta potential and mechanical performance of the membrane were evaluated. The rejections for single dye solutions, salt solutions and dye/salt mixture solutions were also examined. The results indicate that the TiO2-COOH nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly on the membrane surface. Compared to CaAlg membrane, the tensile strength of 20 wt% TiO2-COOH/CaAlg membrane is enhanced by 328%. At the operating pressure of 0.1 MPa, the rejection ratios of 20 wt% TiO2-COOH/CaAlg membrane for 100 mg/L Brilliant blue G250, Direct black 38 and Congo red are 98.4%, 96.8% and 95.9% respectively, and the permeate flux is about 14.1 L·m−2·h−1. Meanwhile, this membrane possesses the low rejection ratios for inorganic salts (16.1%, 15.6%, 12.3% and 9.0% for MgSO4, Na2SO4, MgCl2 and NaCl, respectively), excellent dye anti-fouling property and good stability in the long-term filtration for dye/salt mixture solution.

Statistical Optimization to Augment the Photocatalytic Reduction of Brilliant Blue G-250 Using the Biogenic Semiconductor Nanorods: An Ecosafety Approach

The present work reported the synthesis and characterization of cadmium sulphide nanorods (Th-CdSNRs) from Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of coomassie Brilliant Blue-G250 (BBG-250). The degradation of BBG-250 was improved by statistical optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, the toxicity of the degraded dye (BBG-250) was tested in in vivo Artemia salina model. The formation of Th-CdSNRs by Trichoderma molecules was confirmed by FTIR spectrum, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Th-CdSNRs were rod-shaped with width size ranged from 0.184 to 0.42 µm and length varied between 1.07 and 1.63 µm, as revealed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) results. RSM results indicated that about 92% of BBG-250 was degraded under optimized condition of Th-CdSNRs (0.69 g L−1), pH (4.55), initial dye concentration (57.09 mg L−1) and UV light irradiation time (59 min). Further, the toxicity study revealed the less toxicity of degraded BBG-250 as compared to undegraded dye. In conclusion, this work produced the photocatalysts (Th-CdSNRs) from cell free mycelial extract (CFME) for enhanced removal of toxic organic pollutants in industrial wastewater effluents (IWWE) through photocatalytic reduction.

An efficient 2-D gel electrophoresis protocol suitable for seed proteome of rice

The aim of this article was to provide the efficient protocol for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) suitable for the seed proteome of rice. Sample preparation is a crucial step in 2D-PAGE because it directly affects the quality of protein profiles. We investigated the two different methods to extract the proteins viz., direct lysis buffer method and trichloroacetic acid/acetone (TCA/acetone) method. The effectiveness was evaluated by the protein profing quality, number of protein spots, consistency and distribution of protein spots over the gels. The protein extracted by TCA/acetone method had the highest number of protein spots and the good resolution of the gels. Two different IEF focusing were tested in which, the protein run at 50000 Volt hours showed the clear protein pattern and more number of proteins than 35000 Volt hours. Compared to the Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) G-250 staining, silver nitrate staining produced the more number of proteins spots. The protocol using TCA/Acetone extraction with 50000 Volt-hour IEF conditions followed by the silver staining resulted in the best extraction efficiency, greater protein separation and less horizontal streaking in 2DE gels. This works could principally provide the useful information and technical support for the rice seed proteomic research.

Calcium alginate hydrogel filtration membrane with excellent anti-fouling property and controlled separation performance

Calcium alginate (CaAlg) hydrogel filtration membrane was prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the pore-forming agent. Ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry technology was employed to analyze the membrane-forming process. The CaAlg filtration membrane was characterized by SEM, FTIR, TG and DTG. The mechanical behavior of the membrane was also evaluated. Concentrations of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and PEG on the pure water flux (PWF) and filtration properties of lysozyme (Lyz) solutions were investigated. Results showed that the PWF increased with an increase in the pressure initially, and then reached a stable value. The CaAlg filtration membrane prepared with lower NaAlg concentration and higher PEG concentration had higher flux. CaAlg filtration membranes exhibited good anti-fouling properties. The rejection of PEG reached above 90% when the molecular weight (Mw) of PEG in feed solution was larger than the pore-forming agent PEG for preparing the membranes. The CaAlg filtration membrane prepared using PEG400 as the pore-forming agent could reject almost 100% Brilliant Blue G250 (Mw=854.02Da), and 99.5% Congo Red (Mw=696.68Da).

Identification of Glycan Structure Alterations on Cell Membrane Proteins in Desoxyepothilone B Resistant Leukemia Cells

Resistance to tubulin-binding agents used in cancer is often multifactorial and can include changes in drug accumulation and modified expression of tubulin isotypes. Glycans on cell membrane proteins play important roles in many cellular processes such as recognition and apoptosis, and this study investigated whether changes to the glycan structures on cell membrane proteins occur when cells become resistant to drugs. Specifically, we investigated the alteration of glycan structures on the cell membrane proteins of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CEM) cells that were selected for resistance to desoxyepothilone B (CEM/dEpoB). The glycan profile of the cell membrane glycoproteins was obtained by sequential release of N- and O-glycans from cell membrane fraction dotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membrane with PNGase F and β-elimination respectively. The released glycan alditols were analyzed by liquid chromatography (graphitized carbon)-electrospray ionization tandem MS. The major N-glycan on CEM cell was the core fucosylated α2-6 monosialo-biantennary structure. Resistant CEM/dEpoB cells had a significant decrease of α2-6 linked sialic acid on N-glycans. The lower α2-6 sialylation was caused by a decrease in activity of β-galactoside α2-6 sialyltransferase (ST6Gal), and decreased expression of the mRNA. It is clear that the membrane glycosylation of leukemia cells changes during acquired resistance to dEpoB drugs and that this change occurs globally on all cell membrane glycoproteins. This is the first identification of a specific glycan modification on the surface of drug resistant cells and the mechanism of this downstream effect on microtubule targeting drugs may offer a route to new interventions to overcome drug resistance.

Coomassie Brilliant Dyes as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes for Protein−Ligand Recognitions

Coomassie brilliant dyes have high affinity to proteins and high Raman activity, and on the basis of which, we have employed brilliant blue R-250 (BBR) and brilliant blue G-250 (BBG) as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) labels to probe protein-ligand recognitions. This method differs from previously proposed methods in that target proteins are labeled rapidly before biological recognitions without procedures of separation and purification, rather than attaching Raman labels to metal nanoparticles, which significantly simplifies the Raman dye labeling procedure. In typical assays, ligand-functionalized metal nanoparticles assemble by target protein-specific bindings and this assembly sequentially turns on electromagnetic enhancement of Raman scattering of the proposed labels. The method with its advantages of rapidness, high sensitivity, and spectral multiplexing has great potential in probing protein-protein and protein-small molecule recognitions not only in solution systems but also on flexible solid substrates.