Brief Fear Of Negative Evaluation Scale Research Articles

성인기 내면화된 수치심과 자기은폐의 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of fear of negative / positive evalua-tion and self-compassion in the relationship between internalized shame and self-concealment.
 Methods A total of 426 adults completed the self-report questionnaires including Internalized Shame Scale, Self-Concealment Scale, Brief-Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Korean Version of Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale, Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale.
 Results First, there were statistically significant positive correlations among internalized shame, self-conceal-ment and fear of negative / positive evaluation, while self-compassion showed significant negative correlations with other variables. Second, fear of negative evaluation, fear of positive evaluation, and self-compassion had simple mediating effects on the relationship between internalized shame and self-concealment. Third, fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion had a sequential dual mediating effect on the relationship between in-ternalized shame and self-concealment. However, a dual mediating effect of fear of positive evaluation and self-compassion on the relationship between internalized shame and self-concealment was not significant.
 Conclusions These results suggest that self-compassion have an important role in reducing self-concealment behavior.

Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method to Evaluate the Mediating Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion, and Values.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on symptom severity, fear of negative evaluation, quality of life (QoL), and the mediating role of acceptance, cognitive fusion, and value among patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Thirty patients diagnosed with SAD were randomized in the intervention (n=15) or waiting list groups (n=15). The social phobia and Anxiety inventory (SPAI), brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE), World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQoL) scale, social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and valued living questionnaire (VLQ) were administered before, immediately after, and at a one-month follow-up. Repeated measurement design was used in the intervention group to investigate the changes of mediation and outcomes variables in the pre-test, during treatment, and post-test. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and repeated measurements. There were significant differences between the intervention and waiting list groups in the severity of symptoms (P=0.001), fear of negative evaluation (P=0.002), and QoL (P=0.03), as well as in terms of specific measures of SA-AAQ (P=0.001), cognitive fusion (P=0.001), an important section of VLQ (P=0.001). Repeated measurement results showed that acceptance and action of social anxiety and cognitive fusion had a mediating role in the severity of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and QoL. The results indicated the effectiveness of ACT for SAD and highlighted the mediator role of social anxiety, acceptance and action, and cognitive fusion in the severity of SAD. This study evaluated effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy(ACT) on social anxiety disorders (SAD).This study evaluated mechanisms of change of ACT in SAD.ACT has effectiveness for SAD.Acceptance and action and cognitive fusion have mediator role in SAD. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most psychiatric disorders. Although CBT has been effective for SAD, most patients continue to demonstrate residual symptoms and impairment after treatment. Over the past several years, a third-wave behavioral therapy has been developed within behavioral and cognitive approaches. Some researchers suggest a new generation of psychotherapists termed acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) that has many evidence in SAD. However, studies have not examined the mechanism of change of ACT in SAD using methods and proper instruments.in the present study ACT have effectiveness for SAD. In addition to, acceptance and action and cognitive fusion have mediator role in SAD.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotion-Oriented Therapy and the Unified Trans-diagnostic Treatment on Fear of Negative & Positive Evaluation of Patients with Social Anxiety disorder

Objective: Most of the research conducted so far on effective treatments for social anxiety disorder has used traditional cognitive-behavioral therapies. However, recent pathological theories emphasize the role of emotion regulation in the formation and continuation of the symptoms of this disorder. Thus, the study has been conducted to compare the efficacy of emotion- oriented therapy and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment for individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all the people aged 18-40 who diagnosed with social anxiety disorder from September to March of 2021 in Tehran. A total of 21 patients were selected using purposive sampling and assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group (n= 7 patients in each group). The experimental group 1 and 2 received emotion- oriented therapy in five 120-minute sessions (one session every week) and the unified trans-diagnostic treatment in 12, 120-minute sessions (one session every week), respectively, while the control group did not receive therapy intervention during this period. The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES) were used for data collection. The repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data in SPSS-24. The significance level of the research was considered to be α=0.05. Results: The results indicated that both emotion-oriented therapy and trans-diagnostic treatment effectively reduced fear of positive evaluation, but unified trans-diagnostic treatment had no notable impact on reducing the fear of negative evaluation in this group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Accordingly, emotion-oriented therapy and unified trans-diagnostic treatment were effective and practical methods for reducing the reduced fear of positive and negative evaluation in this group. It is recommended that psychotherapists and counselors employ these approaches in practice.

Translation and validation of the Vietnamese version of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE) in adults who stutter

ABSTRACT The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) has been translated into many languages and used to screen anxiety in people who stutter. However, the Vietnamese version is not available and thus screening and interventions for this population in Vietnam are lacking. This study translated the BFNE into Vietnamese and evaluated the psychometric properties of Vietnamese people living with stuttering. Forward–backward translation was used, based on international standard guidelines. Adults who stutter were invited and asked to complete an online survey that contained the final Vietnamese version of the BFNE. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and three-week test–retest reliability. Validity was evaluated through content validity index, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. From expert panel evaluation, the Vietnamese BFNE scale had semantic and conceptual similarities to the original English version. Content validity indexes were high (S-CVI = 1). From 34 people living with stuttering, alpha coefficient was 0.80 and ICC was 0.83. The model fit indexes from confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the data fitted the two-factor model well and thus high level of construct validity. In conclusion, the Vietnamese version of the BFNE scale had good internal consistency reliability, good test–retest reliability, appropriate content validity, and acceptable construct validity. Whilst results are positive overall, they are preliminary and based on small numbers. Further studies are needed.

The Indonesian Version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Self Report (LSAS-SR-Indonesia): Psychometric Evaluation and Analysis Related to Gender and Age

Aim: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of LSAS-SR (LSAS-SR-Indonesia), and determine the analysis related to gender and age. Background: A previous study reported that social anxiety exists in Indonesia. The psychometric properties of the instruments were not reported because it was not the focus of the study. Further studies were recommended, and it was necessary to develop an instrument for social anxiety in Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is one of the most frequently used scales for assessing social anxiety. The psychometric properties of LSAS-SR-Indonesia must be assessed so that the instrument can be more properly used. Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of LSAS-SR-Indonesia, including internal consistency and item discrimination, as well as validity (convergent, internal structure, factorial, and content). In addition to the psychometric properties, this study analyzed its correlation to gender and age. Methods: A total of 2074 participants from the general population were involved in the current cross-sectional study applying multi-stage cluster sampling. They lived in seven big cities in Indonesia, representing the major ethnic groups, i.e., Bandung, Denpasar, Banjarmasin, Makassar, Yogyakarta, Padang and Medan. The participants were 16-38 years old, and 73% of them were female. The internal consistency was analyzed using a coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha, and the item discrimination was examined by calculating the corrected item-total correlation. Convergent validity was analyzed using the correlation with the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Taijin Kyofusho Scale (TKS) using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Internal structure validity was examined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation between LSAS subscales (LSAS Fear and LSAS Avoidance) and their subscales (LSAS Fear Performance, LSAS Avoidance Performance, LSAS Fear Social Interaction, LSAS Avoidance Social Interaction). Factorial validity was used to analyze construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Content validity was carried out using the evaluation of an expert panel. The analysis of gender and age was performed using factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). All the statistical analysis was performed using the computer programs SPSS v.21 and LISREL v.10.3. Results: The LSAS-SR-Indonesia has good internal consistency. The majority of items demonstrate good discrimination. A good convergent validity is found in the total score and the two subscales. The internal structure is empirically proved. All factor models fit the data, and RMSEA, RMR, NNFI, CFI, and AGFI are in the fit range. The CFA demonstrates that all items in all models have a significant loading factor of 5%. The result of the content validity shows a high degree of relevance and representativeness, with an agreement of 60-100%. There are significant differences both in fear and avoidance across gender. However, there are no significant differences in fear and avoidance across ages. Conclusion: The LSAS-SR-Indonesia is a reliable and valid instrument to assess social anxiety symptoms in Indonesia. It can be used to identify and assist in the preparation for promotion and intervention programs to prevent the development of the symptoms.

Personality and psychopathological profile of patients and botulinum therapy for blepharospasm

Background. Blepharospasm (BS) includes non-motor symptoms manifested by psychopathological disorders. The impact of these disorders on patients' quality of life and therapy of motor symptoms with botulinum toxin is poorly understood.
 Aim. To analyze the correlation of different characterological personality abnormalities (CPA) with the BS severity and the response to botulinum toxin therapy (BT).
 Materials and methods. Forty-six BS patients (29 females, 17 males) aged 30 to 85 years (6111.5) with BS were examined. The control group included 46 healthy individuals (39 females and 7 males, with a mean age of 56.49.67). Patients were examined before and after BT (after 12 months) using the BS severity scale (BSDI), EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) quality of life assessment scales, General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE-S), and SCID-II-PD structured personality questionnaire.
 Results. In the BS group of patients, unemployed and non-married were more common (p0.05) than in healthy individuals. In the BS patient group, there was an increase in anxiety (15.525.6 vs 4.283.5 control group by GAD-7 scale) and fear of negative evaluation (42.449.2 in the main group vs 21.347.3 in the control group). Quality of life was lower in BS patients (65.43, median 62 vs 88.2, median 92, p0.05). The prevalence of cluster C CPA (anxiety disorders) in patients with BS and, in particular, the obsessive-compulsive disorder was revealed. Patients with different personality profiles showed no differences in the BS severity before BT. The BT efficacy was higher in patients with cluster C CPA.
 Conclusion. BS patients often have anxious type CPA; in these patients, BT is more effective than in other CPAs.

Examining the Relationship Between Gender Equality Attitudes, Gender Role Stress and Fear of Being Evaluated Negatively

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between gender equality attitudes of female university students and their gender role stress and fear of being evaluated negatively. The universe of the study consists of female university students studying in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the 2021-2022 academic year. 388 female university students selected by purposeful sampling method were included in the study. Demographic Information Form, Gender Equality Scale (GES), Female Gender Role Stress Scale (FGRSS) and The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) were used to collect data. In the study, it was found that there were no significant correlations between fear of being evaluated negatively and gender equality attitudes. There was significant negative correlation between gender role stress and gender attitudes and there was positive and significant correlation between gender role stress and fear of being evaluated negatively.

Appropriate Number of Treatment Sessions in Virtual Reality-Based Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder.

Virtual reality (VR) was introduced to maximize the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) by efficiently performing exposure therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out whether VR-based individual CBT with relatively few treatment sessions is effective in improving social anxiety disorder (SAD). This therapy was applied to 115 patients with SAD who were retrospectively classified into 43 patients who completed the nine or 10 sessions normally (normal termination group), 52 patients who finished the sessions early (early termination group), and 20 patients who had extended the sessions (session extension group). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) scores tended to decrease in all groups as the session progressed, and the slope of decrease was the steepest in the early termination group and the least steep in the session extension group. Severity of social anxiety in the last session and symptom reduction rate showed no significant group difference. Our findings suggest that short-term VR-based individual CBT of nine to 10 sessions may be effective. When the therapeutic effect is insufficient during this period, the additional benefit may be minimal if the session is simply extended. The improvement in the early termination group suggests that even shorter sessions of five or six can also be effective.

A Study on the Construct Validity of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE)

A Study on the Construct Validity of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE)

Fear of negative evaluation and the concealment of their disease by epilepsy patients

ObjectiveThe fear of being negatively evaluated and subjected to social stigma causes people with epilepsy to conceal their disease. This study aims to explore the fear of negative evaluation and disease concealment in epilepsy patients in northern Turkey. MethodThis descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 with 109 epilepsy patients who applied to a neurology outpatient clinic in northern Turkey. The study data were collected using a descriptive questionnaire, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and the Concealment of Epilepsy Scale (CES). ResultsThe mean score of participants on the CES was 46.93 ± 9.55, while the mean score on the BFNE was 31.19 ± 4.86. Participants’ tendency to conceal their disease increased with the age of the participant (p < 0.001). At the same time, it was found that individuals who had more than one seizure a week had a greater tendency to conceal their disease compared with the other participants (p < 0.01). No significant relationship was found between the descriptive characteristics of people with epilepsy and their fear of negative evaluation (p > 0.05). However, a negative significant relationship was found between participants’ fear of negative evaluation and their tendency to conceal their disease (r = −0.32, p < 0.01). ConclusionIn this study, it was found that people with epilepsy had high levels of fear of negative evaluation by society and a strong tendency to conceal their disease. As the patients’ age and seizure frequency increased, their tendency to conceal their disease also increased. Surprisingly, as concealment of their disease increased, participants’ fear of negative evaluation decreased.

Effectiveness of a Participatory and Interactive Virtual Reality Intervention in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder: Longitudinal Questionnaire Study.

BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by excessive fear of negative evaluation and humiliation in social interactions and situations. Virtual reality (VR) treatment is a promising intervention option for SAD.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to create a participatory and interactive VR intervention for SAD. Treatment progress, including the severity of symptoms and the cognitive and emotional aspects of SAD, was analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.MethodsIn total, 32 individuals with SAD and 34 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study through advertisements for online bulletin boards at universities. A VR intervention was designed consisting of three stages (introduction, core, and finishing) and three difficulty levels (easy, medium, and hard) that could be selected by the participants. The core stage was the exposure intervention in which participants engaged in social situations. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed through Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Internalized Shame Scale (ISS), Post-Event Rumination Scale (PERS), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Brief-Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS).ResultsIn the SAD group, scores on the BAI (F=4.616, P=.009), STAI-Trait (F=4.670, P=.004), ISS (F=6.924, P=.001), PERS-negative (F=1.008, P<.001), SPS (F=8.456, P<.001), BFNE (F=6.117, P=.004), KSAD (F=13.259, P<.001), and LSAS (F=4.103, P=.009) significantly improved over the treatment process. Compared with the healthy control group before treatment, the SAD group showed significantly higher scores on all scales (P<.001), and these significant differences persisted even after treatment (P<.001). In the comparison between the VR treatment responder and nonresponder subgroups, there was no significant difference across the course of the VR session.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that a participatory and interactive VR intervention had a significant effect on alleviation of the clinical symptoms of SAD, confirming the usefulness of VR for the treatment of SAD. VR treatment is expected to be one of various beneficial therapeutic approaches in the future.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service (CRIS) KCT0003854; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=13508

Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on social anxiety disorder: A comparative study.

Background:Both cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and paroxetine (PX) are the preferred treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, in literature, there have been divided opinions for the efficacy of the combination of these treatments. This study intended to evaluate whether the combination of CBT and PX would be superior to monotherapy of PX in the treatment of SAD.Methods:This was a single centre, rater-blind, non randomised study which included 40 consenting adult participants who received CBT+PX or PX only. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE) were assessed at baseline (0 weeks), immediate posttreatment (16–18 weeks for CBT + PX and 16–20 weeks for PX only), and at follow-ups 2 months after posttreatment.Results:Both the treatment groups have a statistically significant difference in mean scores in all outcome measures in posttreatment and follow-up stages compared with pretreatment scores. However, CBT + PX has a better treatment and maintenance gain as compared to PX alone in the posttreatment and follow-up stages.Conclusions:In SAD management, combinations of CBT + PX are superior to PX alone, and the treatment gains are also better maintained in former than latter.

Reliability and Validity of Three Versions of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study.

Fear of negative evaluation is a common concern among individuals with visible differences but has received limited attention in systemic sclerosis (SSc), which can involve substantial changes to appearance. The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) was specifically designed to evaluate fear of negative evaluation. There are currently 3 versions of the BFNE with strong demonstrated measurement properties: two 8-item versions (BFNE-S, BFNE-8) and one 12-item version (BFNE-II). The present study evaluated these versions in SSc, and identified the most appropriate version for use among SSc patients. Participants were 1,010 patients with SSc enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network cohort. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's product-moment correlations were used to evaluate structural validity, internal consistency reliability, and convergent and divergent validity, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that 1-factor models fit acceptably well for the 12-item BFNE-II, the 8-item BFNE-S, and the 8-item BFNE-8. Additionally, all Cronbach's alphas demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability (BFNE-II = 0.98, BFNE-S = 0.97, BFNE-8 = 0.96), and all versions had comparable associations with measures of social anxiety, body-related attitudes, depression, age, and education. Psychometric support was found for all 3 versions of the BFNE, although the longer 12-item BFNE-II did not improve measurement compared to the shorter 8-item versions (BFNE-S and BFNE-8). Of these 2, the BFNE-S has been more widely studied, with strong validity data in a greater number of populations. Therefore, the BFNE-S is recommended to assess fear of negative evaluation among patients with SSc.

Improvement in psychiatric symptoms after strabismus surgery in adolescent patients in long-term follow-up

AimsTo assess the psychological effects of preoperative primary eye position and surgical correction of strabismus in adolescent patients.MethodsEighty-three adolescent patients with exotropia were included in this observational and prospective study....

小教全科生自我意识、自尊与负面评价恐惧的调查研究

目的：了解小教全科学生自我意识、自尊与负面评价恐惧的现状，以及探究自我意识、自尊和负面评价恐惧之间存在的关系。方法：采用整群抽样的方法，利用自我意识量表中文修订版(C-SCS)，自尊量表(SES)和惧怕否定评价简明量表(BFNES)对广西两年制小教全科专业共623名学生进行调查。结果：(1) 小教全科生自尊和负面评价恐惧的年级差异显著，社交焦虑和自我意识的性别差异显著。(2) 自我意识、自尊、负面评价恐惧之间存在显著的相关关系。(3) 自我意识、自尊对负面评价恐惧有显著的回归效应。(4) 自尊在自我意识和负面评价恐惧之间起到部分中介作用。结论：小教全科生二年级同学自尊水平高于一年级，负面评价恐惧水平低于一年级；女同学相比男同学拥有更高的自我意识和社交焦虑；自我意识不仅能直接对负面评价恐惧产生影响，还可以通过自尊间接影响负面评价恐惧。 Objective: To study self-consciousness, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation in students who majored in general primary school education, and explore the relationship between self-consciousness, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation. Method: Totally 623 students who majored in two year general primary education in Guangxi province successfully completed the questionnaires of Chinese reversed self-consciousness scale (C-SCS), self-esteem scale (SES) and brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNES). Results: (1) For different grade students, there are significant differences in self-esteem and self-consciousness. For different gender students, there are significant differences in social anxiety and self-consciousness. (2) Self-consciousness, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation were correlated significantly. (3) Multivariate regression showed that self-consciousness and self-esteem hand significant prediction to fear of negative eval-uation. (4) Self-esteem had a significant mediation effect on the relationship between self-consciousness and fear of negative evaluation. Conclusions: The grade 2 students’ self-esteem was stronger than grade 1 students’, and the grade 2 students had less fear of negative evaluation. Female has stronger self-consciousness and more social anxiety than male. Self-consciousness had both direct and indirect effects on fear of negative evaluation.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a fully self-guided internet-based intervention for sub-clinical social anxiety symptoms: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Design and objectiveThis paper describes the protocol for a large-scale pragmatic, randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the self-directed E-Couch social anxiety module versus a waiting list control condition, for reducing sub-clinical social anxiety symptoms in the general population.Study populationCommunity-based adults (aged 18+) with social anxiety symptoms that do not meet the criteria for social anxiety disorder recruited via a direct-to-consumer advertisement on national websites.Intervention and controlIntervention is the self-guided E-Couch social anxiety module. Control group participants are placed on a waiting list to receive the intervention at the end of the trial. Both groups receive email and text message reminders.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome will be change in self-reported social anxiety score using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Secondary outcomes will be the changes in the following self-report measures: Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE-S); depression (CES-D); mental wellbeing (SWEMWEBS); health status (SF36); use of health services; safety events; and adherence, retention, and attrition rates. All measures will be administered at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months.AnalysisA mixed effects model will be used to analyse the effect of the intervention on the primary and secondary outcomes (intention to treat analysis). Secondary analyses will explore moderators and mediators of effect. A prospective economic evaluation, conducted from a NHS and social care perspective, will provide estimates of cost utility and cost-effectiveness. An interview study will be conducted with 20 participants to explore issues including acceptability, adherence, retention and attrition.Trial registration numbersNCT02451878 and ISRCTN15819951

Variables relacionadas con ansiedad social en adolescentes: un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple

&lt;p&gt;El objetivo fue construir un modelo de regresión múltiple para investigar la relación entre ansiedad social, sensibilidad a la ansiedad, rasgo de ansiedad y miedo a la evaluación negativa, y comparar hombres con mujeres. La investigación fue cuantitativa, no experimental, correlacional y transversal. Se evaluó a 689 adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años (&lt;em&gt;M&lt;/em&gt;=16.45; &lt;em&gt;DE&lt;/em&gt;=1.11), a través de la escala de Ansiedad Social para Adolescentes (SAS-A), la subescala Ansiedad-Rasgo del Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (STAI), la versión breve de escala de Miedo a la Evaluación Negativa (BFNE) y el Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3). El género femenino presentó mayor media en ansiedad rasgo con tamaño de efecto pequeño (&lt;em&gt;d&lt;/em&gt;=-.27). Las correlaciones fueron positivas entre bajas y moderadas. La correlación parcial y semiparcial más alta fue entre SAS-A y ASI. Se construyó un modelo de regresión válido y estadísticamente significativo y explicó el 41.2% de la varianza de la ansiedad social (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.412) con tamaño de efecto grande.&lt;/p&gt;

Social anxiety in orthognathic patients

There is evidence that patients seeking orthognathic treatment may be motivated by social anxiety disorder (SAD). The aim of this study was to investigate SAD in orthognathic patients using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNES) and to compare these findings with those of the general population. This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire study conducted in two parts. Firstly, a national survey was conducted to yield data for the BFNES from a large, random sample of the UK general population. Secondly, orthognathic patients completed the BFNES. The BFNES scores are reported in two formats: the original 12-item scale (O-BFNES) and a shorter eight-item version (S-BFNES). With regards to the national survey, 1196 individuals participated. The mean O-BFNES score was 29.72 (standard deviation (SD) 9.39) and S-BFNES score was 15.59 (SD 7.67). With regards to the orthognathic sample, 61 patients participated. The mean O-BFNES score was 39.56 (SD 10.35) and the mean S-BFNES score was 24.21 (SD 8.41). Orthognathic patients had significantly higher scores than the general UK population (P<0.001), and multiple linear regression revealed that age, gender, and patient status were all independent predictors of BFNES scores. From the results of this study, orthognathic patients experience significantly higher levels of social anxiety than the general population.

COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL GROUP THERAPY VERSUS GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Data entry errors were noted in the 2011 article titled “Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy versus Group Psychotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial” by Bjornsson et al. (Depression and Anxiety, 28: 1034–1042). However, there were no changes to any of the findings or conclusions of the study. We present the corrected data below: In Table 3, seven individuals (31.8%) in the cognitive-behavioral group therapy group had avoidant personality disorder versus six individuals (26.1%) in the group psychotherapy group. We present the corrected data in the following subsection of the Results Section. There was an overall improvement by time across treatment conditions on the Clinical Global Impression Scale (F(1, 39) = 9.70, P < .01) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) total score (F(1, 39) = 40.58, P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments, when regressing treatment on posttreatment ratings, and controlling for baseline LSAS scores, on the fear subscale (t(38) = 1.35, P = .19), the avoidance subscale (t(38) = 0.24, P = .81), or the total score (t(38) = 0.82, P = .42). There was an overall improvement by time across treatment conditions, on the Social Phobia Scale (SPS); F(1, 38) = 49.49, P < .001, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS); F(1, 39) = 33.32, P < .001, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE); F(1, 39) = 23.44, P < .001. Consistent with the independent assessment interview data, there were no differences between the two treatments as measured by self-report questionnaires. For example, when regressing treatment on posttreatment ratings, and controlling for baseline scores, on the SPS scale (t(37) = 0.07, P = .94), the SIAS scale (t(38) = −0.21, P = .83) and the BFNE scale (t(38) = 0.40, P = .69), there were no statistically significant differences (see Table 4). Tables 3 and 4 have now been corrected, and are presented below.

Temor a la evaluación social negativa: validez de constructo y criterio del instrumento de medición

The Brief fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) has shown good validity and reliability properties in different cultural samples, as well as when it has been translated to other languages (Duke et al., 2006; Gallego, 2010; Gallego et al., 2007; Weeks et al., 2005; Tavoli et al., 2009). Given the relevance of the study of anxiety and social phobia and the need for research tools for Mexican samples, this study presents validity and reliability evidences for a translation to Spanish language of the BFNE (Leary, 1983) in a sample of undergraduate students from Mexico City. Psychometric tests included discrimination analysis for each item, principal component factorial analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling. Results show a one factor structure with just eight of the 12 original items. It explains 53.8% of total variance and has good reliability (α = 0.88). In addition, evidence was found concerning criterion validity for the BFNE: a) It correlates positively with a Trait Anxiety Scale; and b) through an experimental procedure, positive correlations for the BFNE with a State Anxiety Scale and a Self-Presentation Motivation Scale when participants had the expectation of being introduced to another person. The discussion verses in relation to the performance of score reversed items and the theoretical meaning of items and to the observed relationships that support the criterion validity of this translation to Spanish language of the BFNE scale.