Bridge Construction Projects Research Articles

Customer order scheduling on a serial-batch machine in precast bridge construction

Prefabricated construction is widely adopted in the current bridge construction project, especially offshore bridges. The realistic requirements of large quantities of prefabricated parts and tight delivery schedules make it extremely challenging to develop optimal scheduling. We address a new customer order scheduling on a serial-batch machine (COS-SBM) to reduce the sum of inventory holding costs of finished jobs and tardiness costs of orders in precast bridge construction. In the COS-SBM problem, all jobs with incompatibility in orders need to be divided into batches, which are then scheduled for processing on a serial-batch machine. We develop a mixed-integer linear programming model to formulate this new problem. Since the COS-SBM problem is NP-hard, we propose a genetic algorithm based on a novel batch sequencing and forming encoding method (GA-BSFE), which makes the scheduling and batching decisions simultaneously to enhance its exploration. Moreover, we design an efficient three-stage heuristic based on the order weighted modified due date rule and batch weighted longest processing time rule. The three-stage heuristic is introduced into the initiation of GA-BSFE to enhance its exploitation. Finally, a set of instances generated based on the realistic production of precast girders is tested to validate the effectiveness of GA-BSFE. The performance analysis suggests that GA-BSFE is the most appropriate for the COS-SBM problem.

Analysis on the cooperative variation law of pile-soil temperature field in Island permafrost region

To determine the cooperative variation laws of temperature fields in bridge concrete piles and the surrounding frozen soil during the freezing process in high-latitude, low-altitude insular permafrost regions, we utilized a practical bridge construction project within the frozen soil area of the Daxing'an Mountains, China. This served as the foundation for developing a method to remotely and dynamically monitor the temperatures of piles and soil in permafrost regions, enabling continuous, automatic monitoring of pile-soil temperature data. Employing this automatic temperature monitoring system, we collected temperature data from two 15-m-long concrete bored piles before and after freezing, and monitored the freezing process of the pile foundations in real-time. The cooperative variation laws of the pile-soil temperature field over time were summarized, and a calculation equation for the pile foundation's freezing time was established based on finite element analysis results. Monitoring and analysis reveal that under the influence of the frozen soil temperature field, the pile foundation initially freezes from the bottom up in a unidirectional manner. When the atmospheric temperature falls below 0 °C, the pile foundation freezes simultaneously from both the upper and lower directions. Post-freezing, the internal temperature of the pile body aligns with the surrounding soil temperature, with a temperature difference of less than 0.1 °C at the same depth. For similar in-place temperatures, the freezing time for a test pile with a 1.2m diameter is 1.14 times that of a 1.0m diameter test pile. The range of the hydration heat effect of cement concrete extends 1–2 times the pile diameter.

Time Performance Analysis Using Earned Value on the Construction of the Aranaway Kiram Bridge in Banjar Baru City

When implementing a project in the field, it is fairly uncommon for numerous projects to be delayed or even halted. This also has an impact on project cost escalation, resulting in project losses. Earned value analysis can help manage construction projectsefficiently and effectively. The results value analysis was done to estimate the extent to which the project was carried out according to the work plan. This assessment was performed on the Aranaway Kiram Bridge Construction project in Banjarbaru City. The project was aimed to determine weekly time performance and project completion time. The method employed was earned value analysis. According to the results of the analysis method (earned value analysis), the results from the 3rdto the 18thweek experienced delays, as evidenced by the performance of the Schedule Variance (SV) which was Negative (-) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) which was less than 1, but work accelerated in the 19th week of the Banjarbaru City Aranaway Kiram Bridge Construction Project, as evidenced by the SV performance which was Positive (+) and SPI greater than 1. The research results estimated the project's completion time as 253 days.

Study Relationship of Under Bid Price, Contract Termination, and Risk of Regional Loss

According to the Audit Reports of BPK Representative in West Sumatera Province with title “LHP on Compliance Audit of Regional Expenditures of West Sumatera Province for Fiscal Year of 2021”, and “LHP on Financial Statements Audit of West Sumatera Province for Fiscal Year of 2021” as well as the auction data from Electronic Procurement Portal (LPSE), it is known that there were 293 construction packages with tender procurement in West Sumatera Province during Fiscal Year of 2021. Of those 293 packages, there were 81 packages has caused public budget losses and potential budget losses with total amount of Rp1.935.987.094,02, lacks of revenue with total amount of Rp9.660.218.603,31, and there were 8 packages experienced contract termination. Of those 8 packages with contract termination, 5 packages were known to be under bid price or using bid price that was too low (less than 80% of the HPS Value). Termination of the contract has resulted in the work not being utilized for the community in a timely manner, the risk of quality degression of the abandoned work until the work is resumed, and the risk of public budget losses. This research was conducted by seeing and analyzing the bid price that is too low (under bid price) which has potential impact on contract termination and the risk of public budget losses as well as the relationship between bid price fixing issues and the causes of contract termination. This needs to be done so that the contract termination can be avoided and the results of construction works can be completed and utilized immediately. This study aims to find a causal relationship between under bid price issues and contract terminations and the risk of public budget losses through the causes that influence the occurrence of contract termination, starting from the determination of HPS and under bid price, the selection process, the preparation and the implementation of the works according to timeline. From this study, it can be concluded that under bid price has a lot of influences and is a trigger for contract termination which resulted in the risk of public budget losses. There needs to be a calculation of the real bid price by considering overhead expenses, potential increases in material and wage prices, other expenses, and unexpected expenses. In addition, the parties involved in the construction works should make a risk map in order to mitigate problems which occur during the contract implementation period. This research takes the study of water resources building construction projects. Thus, further research is still needed on the occurrence of contract termination in road and bridge construction projects.

Prioritizing Trail Bridge Construction Projects in Nepal Using Linear Discriminant Analysis

The country of Nepal desperately requires trail bridges to foster rural connectivity and socio-economic progress especially in the remote areas. However, despite their significance, political meddling among other socio-economic factors has continuously influenced bridge construction priorities resulting in a non-uniform distribution that does not always match key indicators like population density, disadvantaged population or number fatalities due to river crossing. This report identifies Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as an objective and fair approach for prioritizing bridge projects. This research will provide a structured way of ranking these bridges with reduced political influence and consequently decreasing social disparities through focusing on such criteria as benefiting homes, total population, disadvantaged population, time saved, type of rivers and risk factor. Trail bridges were in history demanded by Nepal since 1950s in a bid to receive international aid and community-based construction. The participation of the communities in the planning, designing and maintenance of these bridges has increased over time thus promoting sustainability and ownership. However, there are still challenges that remain to ensure equitable distribution of bridge projects that adequately address the needs of the most marginalized groups. Through LDA application, this research demonstrates how priority classes can be effectively separated to objectively determine areas with urgent need for bridge constructions by decision makers. From the analysis it is clear that bridges can be ranked by using socio-economic or geographical data that is quantifiable in order to promote fair infrastructure development. The nexus between traditional knowledge and modern analysis techniques toward sustainable equitable infrastructural development in Nepal cannot be overemphasized by the findings from this study. This. therefore, strengthens rural community resilience while also ensuring resources are distributed based on objective requirements but not political or socio-economic influences.

Risk Analysis and Simulation of Large Bridge Construction Based on System Dynamics

To reduce risk incidents in large bridge construction, it is necessary to study the interaction mechanisms and dynamic changes among various risk factors during the construction of large bridges. First, the evolution mechanism of construction risks for large bridges is analyzed, and a risk factor structure system is established. Then, based on system dynamics theory, a causal loop diagram and flow–stock diagram are constructed, and system dynamics equations for each variable in the flow diagram are established to build a system dynamics model. Finally, taking a large bridge construction project as an example, the variable equations are assigned actual values, and the construction risk level is simulated and analyzed. The results show that, ➀ continuous investment in safety funds can effectively reduce the overall risk level of the system, ➁ changes in the management risk subsystem have a significant impact on the overall risk level of large bridge construction, and ➂ increasing the safety investment ratio in both the personnel risk subsystem and the management risk subsystem can effectively reduce the total risk level of the system.

Identification of the Causes Waste Material in the Railway Bridge Construction Project

Identification of the Causes Waste Material in the Railway Bridge Construction Project

Evaluation of Design Parameters (α and β) for Analysis and Design of Piles on Soft Clays

This paper presents the analyses of 12 prestressed concrete instrumented test piles (TPs) that were driven in different bridge construction projects of Louisiana as part of a load testing program. The 12 TPs were driven mainly in cohesive soils. Detailed soil characterizations including both laboratory and in situ tests were conducted to determine the different soil properties. The TPs were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges to be able to calculate the distribution of skin friction and end-bearing capacities separately. Static load tests and dynamic load tests were conducted on each TP after end of driving to calculate the ultimate load capacity. Fifty six soil layers exhibiting clayey soil behavior and sandy soil behavior dominated the remaining 15 soil layers. The total stress parameter (α) and the effective stress parameter (β) were back-calculated for each soil layer. The α values ranged from 0.22 to 1.80, and the β values ranged from 0.11 to 0.83. Regression analyses were performed on 42 soil layers (75% data) to develop an empirical model to predict α as a function of undrained shear strength. The remaining 25% of the data were used to verify the developed model, and good agreement was observed between the measured and predicted values.

Research on the Correlation of Safety Risk of Railway Bridge Construction Based on Meta-Analysis

China has emerged as a prominent global player in the field of railways, with numerous railway construction projects spanning across diverse locations. Railway bridges, as a crucial component of railway construction, warrant significant attention. Meta-analysis, a statistical method that systematically synthesizes research findings, has been utilized to summarize and compare the results of safety risk management studies pertaining to railway bridge construction in China. By integrating social network analysis and evidence-based assessment of the literature, this study explores the interrelationships among risk factors. Within a specific railway bridge construction project, various safety risk factors may originate from common sources, including environmental factors, material and equipment factors, technical factors, management factors, personnel factors, and bridge-specific factors. Notably, there exists coupling among these security risk factors, whereby the presence or occurrence of one factor can influence the probability or severity of consequences associated with other factors. The results reveal that safety risk factors in railway bridge construction accumulate and propagate, thereby impacting the efficacy of safety risk management. Moreover, these factors are significantly influenced by the complexities inherent in the geo-meteorological and social-technical systems. This finding provides valuable insights for innovations in security risk management practices and offers suggestions for future innovation pathways.

Strategy for Accelerating Completion of Remaining Bridge Construction Project Work Using the Critical Path Method (Study on the Overvass Road Kilometer 2 Bridge Construction Project Owned by PT Binuang Mitra Bersama)

PT. Binuang Mitra Bersama company engaged in coal mining. The company is carrying out the construction work of the overpass haul road bridge Km. 2 on the trase or national road section at Simpang Marabahan, Margasari, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The construction of the Overpass Bridge is funded by the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of PT. Binuang Mitra Bersama and as a consequence of the hauling road crossing the national road. Litas permits with the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing are one year, starting from June 2017 to July 2018. During the process of implementing the bridge construction overpasses several problems arise. First, the position of the land for the retaining wall and the gravity wall for the construction of the bridge's concrete retaining wall in Banjarmasin at the residents' complaint. Second, the work process for installing bridge erection girder has instructions from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing on 20 February 2018 to temporarily stop the work. In this study the technique or strategy of accelerating the completion of work with network diagrams Precedence Diagram Method (PDM), which makes work activities based on job design drawings, makes logic by simplifying each stage of work activities for the purpose of each work activity can be divided and made groups working group, making parts of work activities and working groups so that the composition and number of activities are seen and the linkages or dependencies include. After the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) network is created, the critical trajectory is analyzed, the activities included in the critical trajectory are made accelerated in critical trajectory activities with acceleration in critical trajectory activities or rescheduling. The results of the study are as follows; first, the delay factor is caused by internal factors, the temporary suspension of installation of girder (erection girder) and the duration of time to 261 (two hundred and sixty one) calendar days exceeding the duration of the contract 240 (two hundred and forty) calendar days and replacement of land and building a house on the land. Second, to simplify the settlement of the job using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) work network diagram method. The three techniques or strategies for accelerating the completion of work by accelerating (rescheduling) critical paths on the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) diagram with the duration of the results being 231 (two hundred thirty one) calendar days and cost efficiency of Rp. 14,550,000, 00.

Mitigating schedule overruns in Pre-Stressed girder bridge Construction: Assessing risks and proposing mitigation strategies

PurposeThe paper discusses the critical importance of understanding and managing risks associated with the construction of pre-stressed girder bridges. As a result, it aims to assess, analyze, and propose strategies to mitigate various risk factors contributing to delays and schedule overruns in bridge construction projects. MethodologyThese risk risks through literature review and interviews with stakeholders engaged in bridge projects in Pakistan, highlighting the need for activity-specific risk analysis rather than general assumptions. ResultsThe findings show that 74% of the identified risks can be effectively managed through suitable risk management strategies. Additionally, it was suggested that 17% of the risks should be transferred, while 9% of the identified risks must be retained without any mitigation measures. This survey not only confirmed risks already identified in existing literature but also brought to light new risks previously unnoticed. Moreover, the results highlighted significant differences in risk severity among various project activities. This underscores the necessity for conducting activity-specific risk analysis instead of depending on generalized assumptions for the entire bridge construction project. ConclusionsAmong all bridge construction activities, piling emerged as the most high-risk activity, while girder installation was deemed the least risky. Based on this assessment, a set of guidelines aim to mitigate these risks and serve as a reference for minimizing schedule overruns in bridge construction, providing valuable insights for bridge constructors to effectively manage risks.

Analisis Biaya dan Waktu pada Proyek Jembatan (Studi Kasus Proyek Pembangunan Jembatan Candisari Sambeng Kabupaten Lamongan) dengan Menggunakan Metode Earned Value

Project management has three main objectives when carrying out construction projects including cost, quality, and time. If a project can be completed with a predetermined level of quality or quality, then the project has been successfully managed. This research uses earned value method. That is a method of knowing costs based on the work that has been done. Thus we can find out whether the Candisari Sambeng bridge construction project in Lamongan Regency is faster or longer than the schedule that has been made. CV value has a negative value in the 15th period, namely -Rp 18,078,304 SV value there is a negative value until the 18th period with a value of -Rp 494,817,905 CPI value found in the 15th week period with a value of 0.995. The SPI value in the 18th period with a final SPI value of 0.903 estimated cost (EAC) is. IDR 5,166,992,802 estimated EAS time for the jembata replacement project of 21,320 weeks. If the performance is considered the same project, the cost required to complete the construction of the bridge is Rp 5,166,992,802 from the total project budget of Rp 5,346,534,000 so that it gets a profit of Rp 179,541,198, and the time needed to complete the construction work is 21,320 weeks from the specified time of 21 weeks so that the project implementation is delayed for 0,320 weeks.y.

Detection of Traffic Control Devices during Bridge Construction Projects Using Deep Learning

Recent days during the time of road construction so many accidents may occur due to the objects in the construction area cannot capture during travel. Some method must be implemented to classify and locate instances in the image. In deep learning area it extends its application to this field for object detection. Even though a method is identified it has risk factors such as real-time detection, changeable weather, and complex lighting conditions. In this paper we are discussing the algorithm used for detection and a next version of that algorithm to detect the object with more precision. And also the number frames capture during driving is also more than other algorithm. Here we discussed about YOLO algorithm, and which is the best algorithm that applies different aspects such as key generic object detection frameworks, categorized object detection applications in traffic scenario, evaluation metrics, and classified datasets are included. The idea in YOLO v7 is to avoid that there is an identity connection when a convolutional layer with residual or concatenation is replaced by re-parameterized convolution.

ANALYSIS OF COST CALCULATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF KAPAS – GLENDENG 8 BRIDGE IN BOJONEGORO DISTRICT DUE TO TIME ACCELERATION USING THE CRASHING METHOD WITH ALTERNATIVE ADDITION OF WORKING HOURS

Infrastructure development plays a very important role as capital in efforts to stimulate increased economic productivity, both at the national and regional levels, as well as reducing unemployment, alleviating people from poverty and of course improving the standard of living of the community at large. Delays in completing a project are a problem that often arises and can have an impact on the entire work, especially with time delays resulting in increased costs which can be detrimental to many parties. This delay also occurred in the Kapas-Glendeng 8 bridge construction project, Bojonegoro Regency. In anticipation of these delays, it is necessary to accelerate time and costs. In this research the author uses the crashing method with the alternative of increasing working hours. The crashing method is a way of estimating cost variables to determine the maximum and most economical reduction in the duration of an activity that is still possible to reduce. The research results showed that the total time and cost of the project required after crashing was 174 calendar days with a cost under accelerated conditions of Rp. 2,555,189,555.98 with a difference of 6 calendar days from the normal duration of 180 calendar days and a fee under normal conditions of Rp. 2,548,581,990.63.

Automated flatness assessment for large quantities of full‐scale precast beams using laser scanning

AbstractPrefabrication has been widely used in bridge construction, for which precast beams are produced from a beam yard and constructed with a cast‐in‐suit bridge deck. The developments recently are focusing on large dimensions or large quantities of beam units, which leads to the inevitable challenge of beam quality control. Among them, beam surface flatness as one of the important indicators for manufacturing quality needs to be strictly controlled to ensure structural performance. However, the commonly used methods still rely heavily on manually contact‐based inspection, which is not only time‐consuming but also error‐prone. This paper presents an automated flatness assessment for large quantities of full‐scale precast beams by using terrestrial laser scanning techniques. Through axis calibration, target surface segmentation, and flatness deviation calculation, flatness deviations of the segmented surfaces from the point cloud of the entire beam are calculated, and colored maps are generated to visually assess the flatness quality. The proposed approach was applied to numerical simulated models as well as laboratory‐scale specimens for accuracy validation. Besides, its processing time was also compared to conventional contact‐based inspection during a field test. Moreover, efforts are devoted to applying the proposed method on nearly a thousand precast beams in an in‐field bridge construction project. Results can demonstrate its outperformance not only on accuracy but also the efficiency and practicality when applied to large quantities of full‐scale precast beams.

TIME PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT OF SUBALI BRIDGE IN SUTOJAYAN DISTRICT (D.G.008), BLITAR REGENCY, USING THE EARNED VALUE METHODOLOGY APPROACH

One of the project types is the Construction Project. The main activity components of this type of project consist of feasibility assessment, engineering design, procurement and construction. In construction projects very often delays occur where the realization in the field does not match the schedule of the implementation plan, due to several factors that occur, even though a careful plan has been prepared but in practice in the field there are still many problems in implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of time in the implementation that took place from week -1 to week 17 on the Subali Bridge Construction project, Sutojayan Kec. (D.G.008), Blitar Regency using Earned Value. From the results of the analysis it can be seen that the costs incurred are lower than the planned costs, this can be seen in the CPI value of 1.28 while the implementation time is slower than the planned schedule indicated by the SPI value of 0.71.

Acoustic Non-Destructive Testing Technology in Concrete Bridge Inspection and Pile Foundation Detection

This article takes the actual construction project of a certain concrete bridge project as an example to analyze the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in its detection. It includes an overview of a certain bridge construction project studied and acoustic non-destructive testing technology and the application of acoustic non-destructive testing technology in actual testing. This analysis hopes to provide some guidelines for acoustic non-destructive testing of modern concrete bridge projects.

EVALUATION OF COST PERFORMANCE IN THE SUTOJAYAN DISTRICT SUBALI BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT (D.G.008), BLITAR REGENCY USING EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS METHOD

One of the project types is the Construction Project. The main activity components of this type of project consist of feasibility assessment, engineering design, procurement and construction. In construction projects very often delays occur where the realization in the field does not match the schedule of the implementation plan, due to several factors that occur, even though a careful plan has been prepared but in practice in the field there are still many problems in implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost and time performance in the implementation that took place from week -1 to week 17 on the Subali Bridge Construction project, Sutojayan Kec. (D.G.008), Blitar Regency using Earned Value. From the results of the analysis it can be seen that the costs incurred are lower than the planned costs, this can be seen in the CPI value of 1.28 while the implementation time is slower than the planned schedule indicated by the SPI value of 0.71. The results of the calculation of the estimated project cost of Rp. 8,214,904,015.36 with a budget plan of Rp. 10,502,000,000.00 there is an efficiency of Rp. 2,287,095.64 (21.78%). with an estimated completion time of 19.43 weeks, indicating that the project is delayed for 2.43 weeks from the planned 17 weeks.

Contractor-Related Factors and Performance of Bridge Construction Projects Implemented by Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) Kenya

Contractor-Related Factors and Performance of Bridge Construction Projects Implemented by Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) Kenya

Application of Fuzzy-ISM-MICMAC in the Risk Analysis Affecting Swivel Bridge Construction Spanning Existing Railway Lines: A Case Study

Swivel bridge construction (SBC) technology has significant advantages in building bridges that span existing railway lines (ERLs), but it also entails complex risks from ‘skylight’ windows and railway boundaries. A notable challenge is the relationships and interdependencies among these risks, which collectively increase safety hazards through mutual influence. Prior research has typically focused on mitigating the risks inherent in particular tasks or operations, with less emphasis on the risks from interdependencies. A novel framework was developed to explore this research gap by integrating fuzzy logic, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) approach (Fuzzy-ISM-MICMAC) to investigate the relationships and interdependencies among the risks of SBC spanning ERLs and the critical points of risk control. Furthermore, the data collected from a literature review, a case analysis and expert interviews resulted in 28 risk factors. Then, the application of ISM distilled complex risk relationships into a clear, multilevel hierarchy, accurately illustrating the complex interrelationships among risk factors. Combined with MICMAC analysis, the research findings indicate that preliminary works such as the selection of construction technology, scheme design, construction rehearsal and the provision of safety facilities are essential for preventing risks in SBC spanning ERLs. We applied these findings to the double T-structure swivel construction of the Xiaojizhuang Bridge, where its practicality and efficiency were thoroughly tested and validated. This research’s critical contribution is identifying, clarifying and visualizing the interrelationships of the complex risk factors of SBC spanning ERLs and providing specific solutions for safety management in similar bridge construction projects. The research results and risk control recommendations offer valuable insights for managing other swivel bridge construction risks.