Breeding Medium Research Articles

The influence of cultivation conditions on the formation of psychoactive salvinorin A, salvinorin B, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in Coleus scutellarioides

Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a popular species in the world, known for its characteristic magnificent colourful leaves. The study has revealed that the contents of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid are significantly higher in the plant tissues cultivated in vivo than when under in vitro conditions. The performed qualitative and quantitative analyses confirmed the presence (whose averaged content) of salvinorin A (6.65 µg/1 g of fresh plant) and salvinorin B (50.46 µg/1 g of fresh plant) in tissues of Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. of ‘Electric lime’ variety. The greatest quantities of these compounds were recorded for plants cultivated in vitro on the MS medium enriched with NAA (naphthyl-1-acetic acid) at a concentration of 0.5 mg∙ dm–3. The research detected differences in the amounts of compounds between plants grown in vivo and those cultivated in vitro. Addition of plant growth regulators into the breeding medium under in vitro conditions was found affecting the amounts of compounds in plant tissues.

Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Bayi Baru Lahir dengan Perawatan Tali Pusat Di Klinik Pratama Medical Center Kota Batam

Newborns also called neonates are individuals who are growing and have just experienced birth trauma and must be able to make adjustments from intra uterine life to extra uterine life. A normal newborn is a baby born at 37-42 weeks gestation and weighs 2,500-4,000 grams. Care taken of newborns is care of hair, eyes, nose, mouth, ears and one of them is umbilical cord care. Umbilical cord care is needed to prevent the umbilical cord from becoming a breeding medium for pathogenic microorganisms: Incorrect care techniques can lead to tetanus neonatorum infection which can affect the length of cord detachment. This type of research is descriptive by applying a case study approach. The implementation of this study was carried out at the Pratama Medical Center Clinic on Mrs. W's baby by providing umbilical cord care to her baby.

Assessing the suitability of municipal sewage sludge and coconut bran as breeding medium for Oryza sativa L. seedlings and developing a standardized substrate

The utilization of organic solid waste (OSW) for preparing standardized seedling substrates is a main challenge due to its temporal and spatial variability. This study aims to form models based on data from the literature and validate them through experiments to explore a standardized seedling substrate. The typical OSW in Hainan Province, including municipal sewage sludge (MSS), coconut bran (CB), seaweed mud (SM), and municipal sewage sludge biochar (MSSB), was used as raw material. A series of six mixing ratios was tested, namely: T1 (0% MSS: 90% CB), T2 (10% MSS: 80% CB), T3 (30% MSS: 60% CB), T4 (50% MSS: 40% CB), T5 (70% MSS: 20% CB), and T6 (90% MSS: 0% CB). SM and MSSB were added as amendment materials at 5% (w/w) for each treatment. The physicochemical properties of substrates, agronomic traits of rice seedlings and microbial diversity were analyzed. The results showed that the four kinds of OSW played an active role in providing rich sources of nutrients. The dry weight of the above-ground part was 2.98 times greater in T3 than that of the commercial substrate. Furthermore, the microbial analysis showed a higher abundance of Actinobacteria in T3, representing the stability of the composted products. Finally, the successful fitting of the results with the linear regression models could establish relationship equations between the physicochemical properties of the substrate and the growth characteristics of seedlings. The relevant parameters suitable for the growth of rice seedlings were as follows: pH (6.46–7.01), EC (less than 2.12 mS cm−1), DD (0.13–0.16 g cm−3), and TPS (65.68–82.73%). This study proposed relevant parameters and models for standardization of seedling substrate, which would contribute to ensuring the quality of seedlings and OSW resource utilization.

Fast and reliable voltammetric determination of menaquinone (vitamin K2) produced in vitro by Bacillus subtilis cultures

Vitamin K2 (VK2) is one of two natural forms of vitamin K, necessary for the proper functioning of organisms. Currently, it is sourced from chemical synthesis, nonetheless, it is worth reaching out to its natural sources. The aim of the study was to devise a voltammetric procedure for the determination of vitamin K2 (VK2) produced by bacteria in order to find the strain that exhibits the highest efficiency of VK2 production. Bacillus subtilis, isolated from traditional Japanese food (Nattō), was chosen as a model strain. Employment of the Controlled Growth Mercury Drop Electrode (CGMDE) was crucial, as it is the only electrode that allows performing the measurement on the surface specifically renewed directly before, thus minimizing the influence of interferents. This new method was successfully applied for VK2 determination in supernatant samples. Developed procedure is robust and easily adjustable for the variety of biological matrixes. Strong differences in VK2 production depending on cultivation time were observed, but no direct correlation between the VK2 concentration in the breeding medium and the cultivation time was found. The devised protocol will be used in further measurements with different bacteria species that have the ability to produce VK2 and settle in the human intestine.Graphical abstract

Study into the physical chemistry and technology of alkali liquid metal coolants for nuclear and thermonuclear power plants

It is shown that, as the result of developing alkali liquid metal coolants, including sodium, eutectic sodium-potassium alloy, lithium and cesium, the scientific basis has been established for their application in nuclear power. The paper presents data from investigations of thermophysical, neutronic and physicochemical properties and characteristics of various alkali liquid metal coolants, the content of solid-phase and dissolved impurities in coolants, mass transport of impurities in circulation circuits with alkali liquid metal coolants, development of systems for removal of impurities, and control of the content of impurities in alkali liquid metal coolants. Alkali liquid metal coolants are considered as a part of a system that includes a structural material in contact with the coolant, and a gas space that compensates for the thermal expansion of the coolant. The state of the system is defined by the physicochemical properties of the system’s components. And the coolant and the structural materials also represent subsystems consisting of a base material, a coolant and impurities contained both in the material and in the coolant. It has been shown that each alkali liquid metal coolant has its own set of impurities that define its technology. It depends on the physicochemical properties of the solution of the structural material impurities and components in the coolant. Objectives have been formulated for investigating further alkali liquid metal coolants, as stemming from the need to improve the efficiency, environmental friendliness, reliability and safety, and for extending the life of nuclear power plants in operation or under design. Alkali liquid metals are promising candidate materials for being used in thermonuclear power not only as the coolant but also as the tritium breeding medium. These include, first of all, lithium and its eutectic alloy with lead (17 at. % of lithium). The possibility for using lithium or a lithium-lead alloy as a coolant in the blanket of the international thermonuclear power reactor is compared.

Стан наукової проблеми щодо дослідження характеристик продуктів взаємодії розплаву ядерного палива з бетоном

Стан наукової проблеми щодо дослідження характеристик продуктів взаємодії розплаву ядерного палива з бетоном

Anopheles gambiae Larval Development and Toxicity’s Reduction of Conventional Agriculture Insecticides in the Laboratory Conditions

Background: Vector control of Malaria is mainly made by using impregnated bed nets and insecticides pulverizations indoor or/and outdoor. Besides, appearance and development of resistance’s phenomenon among mosquito populations to insecticides, constitute a significant obstacle this fighting.
 Aims: To highlighting a neutralization phenomenon of three insecticides (methyl-parathion, dimethoate and cypermethrin) during development of the Anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae.
 Methodology: Two setups followed one after the other were designed. In setup 1, four concentrations (with four replicates each) were freshly prepared and independently received a first batch of 100 first instars An. gambiae s.s. After emergence of adults from this first batch, the same test media were simply filtered and received a second batch of first instars larvae to make setup 2. Three endpoints were measured in this study: the duration of larval phase, the larval mortality, and the size of adults.
 Results: The development duration and mortality of larvae decreased significantly at setup 2 with cypermethrin and methyl-parathion. Thus, the duration of larval stage decreased from 10.18 days at setup 1 to 7.84 days at setup 2 for 0.010 µg/l (highest concentration) with cypermethrin and from 10.20 days at setup 1 to 8.27 days at setup 2 for 0.144 µg/l (highest concentration) with methyl-parathion. The larval mortality dropped from 79.32 % at setup 1 to 12.00 % at setup 2 for the highest concentration of cypermethrin and from 76.42 % at setup 1 to 12.50 % at setup 2 for the highest concentration of methyl-parathion. While adults size significantly increased in setup 2. For males, wing’s length increased from 3.28 mm at setup 1 to 3.49 mm at setup 2 for the highest concentration of cypermethrin, from 3.31 mm at setup 1 to 3.49 mm at setup 2 for the highest concentration of methyl-parathion. In female, wing’s length increased from 3.52 mm at setup 1 to 3.68 mm at setup 2 for the highest concentration of cypermethrin, from 3.49 mm at setup 1 to 3.68 mm at setup 2 for the highest concentration of methyl-parathion.
 Conclusion: This work shows that mosquito larvae, especially An. gambiae are able to modify breeding medium to improve its fitness during their development.

Isolation of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Producing Bacteria from Sago Dregs and Sugarcane Solid Waste

Soil is the habitat of thousands of microscopic organisms, especially bacteria. Soil containing sago waste is rich in carbon sources and potentially as a raw material for the manufacture of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Biodegradable plastic is one of the eco-friendly plastic materials, this type of plastic is made with Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as the raw material. Sago waste is usually not utilized to the maximum. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing bacteria from sago pulp waste without the addition of bacterial agents from the outside environment. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology FMIPA UNM. Soil samples with sago dregs were obtained from a sago processing plant in Takalar, South Sulawesi. Bacteria are isolated by dilution serialized three times then grown on medium Nutrient Agar and purified on medium Strach Agar then fermented with Ramsay medium. The results showed the presence of biodegradable plastic formed in the breeding medium.

Description of transient processes in multiplying medium by the physical birth-and-death model

The work presents an approach to describe neutron and neutron-breeding medium interaction process based on the physical birth-and-death model. This model is an extended form of the basic birth-and-death model and operates with breeding medium parameters. Analytical solutions and physical interpretation of the processes within reactor can be obtained by such method. Recently, thermal reactor theory with an internal neutron source in the form of delayed neutrons on the basis of birth-and-death model within linear growth approximation was proposed. Particles radioactive decay properties and equation analysis for describing breeding medium parameters using point thermal reactor framework were also studied within the model using Poisson and binomial distribution formalism. Experimental data of three nuclear subcritical facilities were used in this work, KUCA (Japan), MASURCA (France) and GUINEVERE (Belgium). Reactivity and the average number of particles in the system were estimated in this work within physical model framework for three subcritical systems.

Application of heterotic grouping, standard heterosis and per se performance in breeding high-yielding inbred and hybrid cultivars of pigeonpea

A set of 102 hybrid combinations, developed by crossing three A4 CMS lines and 34 diverse testers, was evaluated to identify potential parental genotypes for breeding new high yielding cultivars. The hybrid combinations were assessed for their per se performance, standard heterosis and combining ability. Significant differences were recorded for parents versus hybrids for yield and its related traits, suggesting the presence of substantial heterotic responses. Highly significant GCA effects for yield were recorded within the female parents and testers. Relatively more number of hybrids involving ICPA 2092, as female parent, exhibited significant positive SCA values for yield, days to flower, plant height, primary branches, pods/plant, seed size and seeds/pod. A total of 45 hybrids recorded significant SCA effects for productivity. The yield superiority of hybrids over the inbred control cultivar ranged from -50.81 to 76.89%. Interestingly, 23 hybrids were also found superior to the first released pigeonpea hybrid ICPH 2671 by a margin of 5.48% to 64.31%. On the basis of their performance in hybrid combinations, the testers were classified into seven heterotic groups. The present study identified two CMS lines (ICPA 2092 and ICP 2043) and 13 testers including ICP 3525, ICPL 20196, BDN 2001-6 and BSMR 198 etc. as potential parental lines for use in breeding medium duration pigeonpea pure line and hybrid cultivars.

Bacillus stratosphericus from Oryctes rhinoceros larvae as decomposer of oil palm empty fruit bunches

The use of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as a source of organic fertilizer in oil palm plantations copes with obstacles. The application of the OPEFB for breeding medium of Oryctes rhinoceros pests from egg stage to pupa and the composting period of organic material reach 12-16 months. In this study, it was found that the utilization of bacterial symbionts of O. rhinoceros larvae namely Bacillus stratosphericus, mixed with Trichoderma sp. And yiest was able to decompose OPEFB for 10 weeks. The resulting compost indicated a pH of 8.46 - 8.76 and a moisture content of 79.39 - 81.74%. The C / N ratio for the treatment of B. stratosphericus + Yeast, the treatment of B. stratosphericus + Trichoderma sp. And the treatment of B. stratosphericus + Yeast + Trichoderma sp. is 17.5, 13.3 and 14.7, respectively.The chemical compounds composition of OPEFB decomposed for 10 weeks with the addition of B. stratosphericus and Trichoderma sp as well as yeast ranged from 25.6 to 30.46% C-org, 1.81-2.07% N, 0.1-0.22% P, 2.54 - 3.68% K and 0.43 - 0.50% Mg.

Implementation of Lead-Lithium as working fluid in RELAP5/Mod3.3

University of Pisa (UniPi) has been involved for years in the implementation of a dedicated version of RELAP5 STH code capable to simulate liquid metals cooled systems. The main Verification and Validation (V&V) activities were focused on Gen-IV fission reactors employing Lead and Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) as coolants. This specific modelling background has brought UniPi to expand the code domain of application to Lead-Lithium Eutectic (LLE) given its extended application as breeding medium in future fusion reactors. The paper illustrates the implementation procedures of the thermo-physical properties of Lead-Lithium as working fluid in RELAP5/Mod.3.3. The last revised LLE properties were assigned to the code by inserting the transport properties (thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and surface tension) directly in the FORTRAN source file, while the thermodynamic properties (density, isobaric specific heat, internal energy, etc.) were implemented in tabular form as an external file. Furthermore, the code capabilities to reproduce Lead-Lithium behavior were assessed for a reference configuration case. The numerical outcomes were compared with an analytical solution (ε-NTUmethod), providing a first fundamental step in the validation process towards more complex models simulating Lead-Lithium systems of interest for fusion reactor applications.

The functional form of nuclei decay in a thermal point-reactor within the particles' birth and death model

The functional form of nuclei decay for a finite number of particles within sub-Poisson distribution terms and time scale discretisation were considered. The mathematical apparatus for particles’ birth and death model with respect to the theory of a nuclear thermal point-reactor was made. During research the fundamental curves, the exponential dependence of neutron generation lifetime and state decay possibility were obtained for a thermal reactor breeding medium. Main parameter of a breeding (neutron multiplication factor K) was obtained through mathematical functions considered.

Analytical description of thermal point-reactor parameters within particles birth and death model

Current work presents general principles for constructing a mathematical apparatus within the framework of a sub-Poisson distribution that describes the neutron generations emergence. On the basis of these principles, analytical expressions were obtained for describing the point reactor breeding medium main parameters. The corresponding dependencies for generation lifetime and appearance time were formed.

The Application of Ozone and Chitosan as Microbial Inhibitor Prawn Larvae Rearing

The application of ozon and chitosan solution was found to be effective means in hampering microbial growth since the introduction of ozon can inhibit microbial growth in aquatic environment and the fact that chitosan can act as a coagulant, effectively increasing water quality as prawn breeding medium and increasing the survival rate of prawn larvae. This research aims to measure the efficacy of ozon and chitosan usage in prawn larvae rearing, and to measure the survial rate of prawn larvae during the rearing stage. The study was carried out using experimental method in laboratory, with factorial research design using 3 treatment combinations and 1 control groups. The chitosan dose administered in this research was 25 ml in 25 L of sea water, euating to 10 ppm. The dissolved ozon in this research was measured at the concentration of 8.245 – 13.748 ppm. Weekly measurement of water quality in terms of temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and dissolved ozon were carried out throughout the course of the research. Total microbial population in the water was measured by means of Total Plate Count (TPC) methiod in the Institute for Natural Medicines of Diponegoro University. Statistics figure from ”ANOVA” test suggested that the application of ozon and the introduction of chitosan in prawn larvae rearing media gave impact to the microbial population in the media. Results of BNT test showed that there was a significant difference between the measurement results of the 3 treatment combination groups and that of the control group. The highest prawn larvae survival rate was found in the media with combined ozon and chitosan treatment, which was recorded at 100%. The second highest survival rate was recorded in the treatement combination group of ozon and chitosan with 80%, and the lowest survival rate was attributed to the control group with 20% prawn larvae survival rate. It is concluded that treatment combination of 10 ppm chitosan and 8.245 – 13.748 ppm of ozon showed significantly positive results in its application in giant tiger prawn farming media.

Lack of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Causes Synapse Dysfunction in the Drosophila Visual System.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for animals and necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system. A lack of PUFAs can result from the consumption of a deficient diet or genetic factors, which impact PUFA uptake and metabolism. Both can cause synaptic dysfunction, which is associated with numerous disorders. However, there is a knowledge gap linking these neuronal dysfunctions and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Because of its genetic manipulability and its easy, fast, and cheap breeding, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an excellent model organism for genetic screens, helping to identify the genetic bases of such events. As a first step towards the understanding of PUFA implications in Drosophila synaptic physiology we designed a breeding medium containing only very low amounts of PUFAs. We then used the fly’s visual system, a well-established model for studying signal transmission and neurological disorders, to measure the effects of a PUFA deficiency on synaptic function. Using both visual performance and eye electrophysiology, we found that PUFA deficiency strongly affected synaptic transmission in the fly’s visual system. These defects were rescued by diets containing omega-3 or omega-6 PUFAs alone or in combination. In summary, manipulating PUFA contents in the fly’s diet was powerful to investigate the role of these nutrients on the fly´s visual synaptic function. This study aims at showing how the first visual synapse of Drosophila can serve as a simple model to study the effects of PUFAs on synapse function. A similar approach could be further used to screen for genetic factors underlying the molecular mechanisms of synaptic dysfunctions associated with altered PUFA levels.

Survival capacity of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp capri in the diluted semen of goat bucks and their effects on sperm quality

This study examines the viability of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp capri (Mmc) during 150 minutes of incubation at 37 °C in contaminated diluted semen (DS) doses. The effects of the presence of both microorganisms on sperm viability, motility, and morphology were also examined. In a second experiment, the viability of Ma and its effects on sperm viability were determined in ejaculate samples and skimmed milk semen extender samples. Ma and Mmc were able to survive in DS at concentrations considered infectious, and no significant differences in mean concentrations were detected (7.1 log colony-forming units [CFU]/mL). However, initial concentration of Ma declined (P < 0.05) from 7.5 to 6.9 log CFU/mL and Mmc declined (P < 0.05) from 7.7 to 7.1 log CFU/mL after incubation. Conversely, ejaculate concentrations of Ma increased significantly (from 7.1 to 7.4 log CFU/mL, P < 0.05). These observations suggest that the natural breeding medium is more suitable for Ma than the medium used for artificial insemination (AI). The presence of Mmc slightly reduced sperm viability in the DS (from 21.7% to 16.6%, P < 0.05). The absence of major effects on sperm quality could lead to the unnoticed use of semen contaminated with Ma and Mmc for AI. As both bacteria were able to survive the conditions of ejaculates and semen doses, these findings suggest a risk of venereal transmission of contagious agalactia and support the use of mycoplasma-free semen samples for (AI).

Administration of Brevibacillus laterosporus spores as a poultry feed additive to inhibit house fly development in feces: A new eco-sustainable concept

The success of a microbial pesticide application against house flies developing in manure should accomplish the uniform mixing of active ingredients with this breeding medium, thus enhancing residual effects. The oral administration of the entomopathogenic bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus to caged poultry species allows the homogeneous incorporation of its active ingredients with fly breeding media. Feces from treated broilers or hens show toxicity against exposed fly adults and larvae. Insecticidal effects are concentration-dependent with a lethal median concentration (LC50) value of 1.34 × 10(8) and 0.61 × 10(8) spores/g of feces for adults and larvae, respectively. Manure toxicity against flies was maintained as long as chickens were fed a diet containing adequate concentrations of B. laterosporus spores. Toxicity significantly decreased after spore administration to birds was interrupted. When poultry diet contained 10(10) spores/g, mortality of flies reared on feces exceeded 80%. The use of B. lateroporus spores as a feed additive in poultry production systems fostering a more integrated approach to farming is discussed.

Synthesis of Equimolar Pd–Ru Alloy Nanoparticles Incorporated Mesoporous Alumina Films: A High Performance Reusable Film Catalyst

We report the synthesis of equimolar Pd–Ru alloy nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated mesoporous alumina films (Pd–Ru/MAF) by the sol–gel route. The synthetic strategy involves homogeneous mixing of the Pd2+ and Ru3+ ions in the alumina sol containing P123 micelles. Dip-coated films, prepared on ordinary glass substrates, were thermally reduced at a relatively lower temperature (500 °C) to generate equimolar Pd–Ru/MAF with a nominal molar composition of Pd:Ru:AlO1.5 = 2:2:96. Electron microscopy studies revealed uniformly distributed Pd–Ru alloy NPs in a mesoporous alumina–alumina sphere composite film matrix. The P123/alumina nanocomposite acted as an excellent breeding medium to form Pd–Ru (∼1:1) alloy NPs despite the poor miscibility of the two metals. Pd–Ru/MAF showed excellent catalytic performances with highest normalized rate constant values (5.43 × 1014 min–1 mol–2) and possessed good reusability compared to the corresponding monometallic analogues in the reduction of aqueous 4-nitrophenol in the pres...

Densification Processes of Microalgae Bred for Biodiesel Production

An alga technology system has been developed, built and operated for the absorption of carbon dioxide and the production of biodiesel raw material. The main critical point in the technology is the separation of micro algae from the breeding medium (densification of the alga suspension). This is the most cost- and time-intensive part of the technology. The success of options in the literature, as well as further applicable phenomena and operations have also been studied. Along with flocculation, clarification and autoflocculation phenomena, special attention has been paid to membrane separation operations. Our aim is to devise a densification and separation process that has a low energy need and an advantageous operation time. The ultrafilter membrane splits the original mass flow (which consists of homogenized suspensions of different density) into two parts. One part passes the membrane, this is the permeate (deposited feed medium), the other is the concentrate, also called ‘retentate’ (in this case the concentrated alga suspension). This retentate can be easily and quickly cleaned of the accumulated metabolic products and remaining salt which can later cause a significant disturbance (at processing or in the following examinations). According to the assessment of the experimental results, the optimal solution seems to be membrane separation, on different grounds. It has a low energy need and an advantageous operation time and results in an appropriately clean suspension (i.e. void of metabolic products and salt). A PLC-controlled device equipped with a ZW-10 module was used for the densification experiments. The latter is the property of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Pannonia.