Breathing Therapy Research Articles

Post-Laparotomy Pulmonary Complications in Blow Bottle versus Interdigital Breathing Technique: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Objective: To analyze the impact of interdigital versus blow-bottle breathing exercises on spirometry, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate in post-laparotomy patients. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University and Capital Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from Apr to Aug 2018. Methodology: This quasi experimental study recruited 27 post laparotomy patients, male and female, aged between 25-45 years. Along with conventional treatment for both groups, Group-A (n=14) received interdigital breathing exercises and Group-B (n=13) was given blow-bottle breathing therapy. Effect on spirometry, pulse oximetry tests and respiratory rate on Day 1, 3 and 6 were recorded. Results: On 6th Day post-laparotomy, interdigital group (Group A) showed significantly higher median and mean ranks for oxygen saturation (OS) (p<0.001), rate of peek expiratory flow (p=0.000), forced expiratory volume (1 second) (p=0.018), forced vital capacity (p<0.001) and lower respiratory rate (p<0.001). Blow bottle breathing therapy revealed significantly higher mean for forced vital capacity (p=0.017), but was lower for Oxygen saturation (p<0.001) and respiratory rate (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings lead us to conclude that interdigital technique provides more benefit to post-laparotomy patient compared to blow bottle technique in effective management of pulmonary complications.

PENERAPAN KOMBINASI TERAPI BIRTHBALL DAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP NYERI PERSALINAN

The treatment of non-pharmacological pain management is intended to lessen pain, particularly during the first stage of labor, pain management is more effective than pharmacological methods because it is cheap, simple effective, and without adverse effects. In the early stages, it is important to provide maternal care, which includes teaching relaxing techniques such as breathing and Birth ball therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of birth ball and breathing exercises. This research methodology uses a case study approach and is a form of descriptive research. In order to reduce labor pain during the active phase I of labor, one mother in the sample used deep breathing exercises and a birth ball. Through the use of a numerical rating scale (NRS) on an observation sheet, the pain level was measured. When birth ball therapy and Deep Breath Relaxation Technique are combined, laboring mothers experience a reduction in pain. During the first half hour, the results show a decrease in pain level at pain score 6 (moderate heavy), and after the second half, the results show a decrease in pain level at pain score 4 (moderate mild). In summary During the active phase I of labor, the combination of birth ball and Deep Breath Relaxation Technique effectively reduces labor pain

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Breathing on Strain, Burden, and Burnout in Family Caregivers of Palliative Care Patients: Randomized Controlled Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of online mindfulness-based breathing therapy combined with music on the levels of perceived strain, caregiver burden and burnout in caregivers of palliative care patients. This was a prospective, single-blind, randomized-controlled study. A total of 100 caregivers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50). Participants in the intervention group agreed to 3 sessions of mindfulness-based breathing therapy per week. Participants in the control group agreed to sit in a comfortable position in a quiet environment for 30 minutes for 3 consecutive days. We found statistical differences in groups in strain (P < .001), burden (P = .015) and burnout (P = .039) when comparing intervention and control groups. Mindfulness-based breathing therapy combined with music is a non-pharmacological approach that may reduce perceived strain, caregiver burden and burnout in caregivers.

PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI PERNAFASAN TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PADA PASIEN PASCA OPERASI FRAKTUR

Introduction:Pain management is one of the methods used in the health field to deal with the pain experienced by patients. Relaxation techniques are a non-drug alternative in pain management strategies. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques on reducing pain levels in post-operative fracture patients. The research design uses a quasi-experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was 36 patients and the research sample consisted of 18 respondents using an accidental sampling technique according to the inclusion criteria for post-operative fracture patients. The variables in this study were deep breathing relaxation and pain scores for post-fracture surgery patients. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon statistical test with a significant value of p&lt;0.05. The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test analysis of the attitude variable showed p = 0.001, so H1 was accepted. : research shows that before being given deep breathing relaxation therapy 9 (50%) respondents had severe pain scores and after being given deep breathing therapy the majority of 15 (83%) respondents had moderate pain scores. There is an influence of deep breathing relaxation techniques on reducing pain levels in post-operative fracture patient

Differences In Effectiveness Between Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy And Slow Deep Breathing Therapy On Elderly Sleep Quality

Background Every individual has a lifetime, starting from the womb, born into the world, to becoming elderly. Aging is a process of gradual loss of tissue's ability to repair itself, maintain its normal structure and function so that it cannot defend the tissue from injury (including infection), and repair the damage that occurs. In the elderly, there are various kinds of health problems such as sleep disorders. Sleep disorder or insomnia is a person's inability to sleep. Poor sleep quality can be improved in various ways such as relaxation techniques. Aim To compare the effectiveness of Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) and Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in improving sleep quality in the elderly. Method This type of research was a quantitative quasi-experiment with pretest and post-test methods (one group pre-test and post-test design). Respondents involved 49 people while research data were processed with the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The Sleep Quality Questionnaire used the PSQI questionnaire. Result The Wilcoxon test with an alternative to the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference in effectiveness between the two therapies with p-value = 0.274. Conclusion Both therapies had almost the same level of effectiveness; there was no significant difference between the two, so progressive muscle relaxation therapy and Slow Deep Breathing were equally effective in treating anxiety and improving sleep quality.

Pursed-Lips Breathing and High Fowler Position in Pleural Effusion Patient: Case Report

Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the pleura caused by the impact of another disease. Treatment for pleural effusion can be provided through the nursing care process with airway management interventions to help minimize shortness of breath in patients. There are nursing actions that can be carried out independently by nurses, namely the semi-fowler or fowler position, administering additional oxygen, and other therapies such as pursed lips breathing. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the combination of pursed lips breathing and high fowler position in the nursing care process for patients with ineffective airway clearance nursing problems in patients with pleural effusion using the case report method and nursing care approach. The results of the study showed that the combination of pursed lips breathing and the use of the selected high fowler position as high as 90 degrees for 3 days provided comfort and reduced shortness of breath with pleural effusion while being balanced by the provision of pharmacological therapy. Providing pursed lips breathing therapy and high fowler position has the potential to reduce shortness of breath in patients with pleural effusion

Effects of Meditation and Breathing Therapy on Anxiety Improvement before and after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of worldwide mortality, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has long been used to alleviate its symptoms. However, patient anxiety has been noted to exacerbate the negative symptoms of CAD, as well as reduce the effectiveness of PCI. Numerous techniques have been developed for alleviating patient stress, such as mindfulness and breathing exercises, though their efficacy with respect to improving PCI outcomes has still not been fully defined. In this study, we aimed to shed light by examining whether CAD patients who underwent such exercises demonstrated lowered anxiety and improved functional outcomes post-PCI compared to CAD patients who did not undergo these procedures. Methods: One hundred and sixty CAD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two 80-member groups, one of which (intervention) was prescribed meditation therapies, in the form of 6-min mindfulness videos, breathing therapies carried out 12 times per cycle, for 3 times/day, as well as targeted psychological counseling. The other 80-patient group served as the untreated control (Con). Anxiety was monitored during that time period using the Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), while sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); furthermore, various cardiac functioning parameters, such as heart rate, were measured. In addition, the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was monitored during the 3-month follow-up period post-PCI. Results: No significant differences were present between the intervention and Con groups for baseline patient characteristics, except for body mass index. However, the intervention group had lower stress levels, in the form of lower SAS, compared to baseline, while the opposite was true for the untreated Con group. Lower SAS also corresponded to lower PSQI pre-PCI in intervention, indicating that this group had improved sleep quality, while PSQI remained unchanged from baseline to PCI in Con. Along with lower stress levels, intervention had lower blood pressures, heart rate, and SAEs, compared to Con, both pre-PCI and during the 3-month follow-up period, illustrating that meditation and respiratory therapies are able to reduce stress pre-PCI, in turn improving PCI outcomes and reducing complications postprocedure. Conclusion: Meditation and respiratory therapies are able to effectively alleviate anxiety and improve sleep quality pre-PCI, in turn improving cardiac functional parameters and facilitating smooth PCI procedures. All of these improvements resulted in increased PCI success rates, lowered hospitalization time, and reduced postsurgical complications in the form of SAEs, enabling these strategies to be of great clinical utility for better preparing CAD patients for the procedure. Public Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT05320848.

Efficiency of interval hypoxia-hyperoxytherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with nonspecific musculosceletal low back pain: results of а randomized placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Considering the high prevalence and social significance of nonspecific musculoskeletal lower back pain, the use of innovative non-drug rehabilitation methods, particularly interval hypoxia-hyperoxytherapy, is relevant. AIM: To evaluate the efficiency of the interval hypoxia-hyperoxytherapy in the complex medical rehabilitation of patients with nonspecific musculoskeletal lower back pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized placebo-controlled study enrolled 62 patients (male, n=35; female n=27, aged 34–63 years) with nonspecific musculoskeletal lower back pain. All patients were randomized into two groups. The study group (n=34) received 10 procedures of hypoxia–hyperoxytherapy, and the comparison group (n=28) received 10 placebo procedures of breathing therapy. All groups underwent a 2-week standard rehabilitation program: 10 procedures of low-intensity laser therapy and low-frequency electrostatic therapy and 10 group sessions of physical exercises. The study group was breathing hypoxic (FiO2 13%–15%) and hyperoxic (FiO2 up to 40%) gas mixture through a mask in the interval mode using “ReOxy.” The duration of 1–4 procedures was 30 min and 5–10 procedures took 40 min. The placebo procedures were performed using masks with atmospheric air hole. Rehabilitation diagnosis by domains b28013, b7303, b7600, and d4500 of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), back pain and general health on a 100-mm visual analog scale, Lequesne index, 10-m walking test, Spielberger–Khanin reactive anxiety test, and Beck depression inventory were evaluated at baseline and week 2. RESULTS: After 2 weeks the values of the qualifiers of ICF domains significantly improved in the study group, back pain decreased by 65.2% (р 0.01), the Lequesne index by 76.1% (р 0.01), the 10-m walking test by 42.4% (р 0.05), the reactive anxiety level by 50.5% (р 0.01), and depression symptoms by 69.7% (р 0.01), whereas the general health improved by 71.2% (р 0.01), with statistically significant differences from the comparison group in all parameters (р 0.05). CONCLUSION: 2-week rehabilitation program, including interval hypoxia-hyperoxytherapy, reduces back pain and improves rehabilitation diagnosis based on the ICF, general health, functional status and psychoemotional state in patients with nonspecific musculoskeletal lower back pain.

Comparing the Effects of Virtual Reality Breathing Exercise and Incentive Spirometry Exercise on Improving Pulmonary Function in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have a higher incidence of respiratory dysfunction than healthy children. Virtual reality breathing therapy is an assistive technology that is becoming popular in the rehabilitation of children with CP. This experimental study included a total of 32 children with spastic diplegic CP who were divided into two groups: the virtual reality breathing training (VRBT) group and the incentive spirometry (IST) group. Individuals classified as levels I to III on the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) were recruited using the simple random sampling method. The results of comparing the values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), and the ratio of FVC/FEV1 showed a significant difference between groups. A significant difference was found in the VRBT group compared to the IST group, except for the peak expiratory flow (PEF) values, which showed a nonsignificant difference between the groups. There were significant differences in FVC and FEV1 between the VRBT and IST groups. It has been concluded that VRBT has additional benefits in improving pulmonary functions.

Examining the potential of a breath pacer as an adjuvant in cognitive behavioral therapy: case studies in digital health for mental well-being

Increasing mental health issues worldwide call for effective interventions. Breathing therapy, particularly slow-paced exercises, is gaining recognition for enhancing mental well-being. Integrating these exercises with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appears effective for stress and anxiety management. Technological solutions for home therapy have emerged, improving patient engagement. This study assesses a tactile breath pacer as a CBT adjunct for various mental health conditions. Six participants with conditions including autism, depression, burnout, bipolar disorder, insomnia, and anorexia engaged in therapy using the moonbird breath pacer for a month, with regular email check-ins. The breath pacer's integration into CBT showed positive outcomes. Participants found it user-friendly, adapting it into their daily routines. Customized usage patterns promoted relaxation, emotion regulation, and improved sleep, with many extending use for sleep enhancement. This study demonstrates the benefits of technology in therapy, specifically for emotion regulation, relaxation and sleep. It supports blended care, combining in-person and remote therapy elements, with personalization encouraging active client engagement.

Effectiveness of slow deep breathing therapy on lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A case study

Introduction: Hypertension is a cerebral vascular disorder in the form of narrowing of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain. It is characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure &gt;140 mmHg and diastolic pressure &gt;90 mmHg. Non-pharmacological management is needed to be applied in lowering blood pressure. Slow deep breathing therapy exercises are done by breathing long and deep breaths slowly can stimulate the secretion of endorphins neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system which has an effect on decreasing the work of sympathetic nerves, increasing the work of parasympathetic nerves whose effects can affect heart rate to be slow and also vasodilation occurs in blood vessels. Objective: To lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients by using slow deep breathing exercises. Methods: The method used in this study used a case study with pre and post intervention, patients were given slow deep breathing exercises by breathing in through the nose for 3 seconds until they felt that the stomach expanded then held their breath for 3 seconds, then exhaled slowly through the mouth for 6 seconds, and repeated all steps for 15 minutes. Results: Obtained results of a decrease in blood pressure in patients after being given slow deep breathing exercises. Conclusion: Slow deep breathing therapy exercises with appropriate methods and procedures can be an alternative to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients

Pengaruh Slow Deep Breathing Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tiban Baru Kota Batam Tahun 2021

Hypertension is known to be a major health problem throughout the world that causes various life-threatening heart diseases. Department of Health Household Survey on Health shows that hypertension is ranked first as the most common degenerative disease. The phenomenon found in the working area of the Tiban Baru Community Health Center, Batam City in 2021 was as many as 150 people. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy on reducing blood pressure in hypertension patients in the Tiban Baru Health Center work area, Batam City in 2021. The research method was Quasy Experimental Design, with pretest-posttest with control group. The sample consisted of 30 respondents consisting of 15 intervention group respondents and 15 control group respondents who suffered from hypertension in the Tiban Baru Community Health Center Work Area, Batam City in 2021, with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Data were processed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study showed that the systolic blood pressure of the intervention group before treatment was 165.67 mmHg and diastole 94.73 mmHg and the systolic blood pressure of the intervention group after treatment was 155.33 mmHg and diastole 88.00 mmHg. Based on the characteristics of the respondents, it was found that the majority were &gt;45 years old (80%), and the largest gender (73.3%) was female. The research results showed a p-value of 0.002 (&lt;0.05). It was concluded that there was an effect of slow deep breathing on reducing blood pressure. It is hoped that hypertension sufferers can apply slow deep breathing therapy to lower blood pressure to avoid complications of hypertension.

Effect of Buteyko breathing technique on clinical and functional parameters in adult patients with asthma: a randomized, controlled study

BackgroundThe established therapy of asthma might be supported by additional non-pharmaceutical measures, such as the Buteyko breathing technique (BBT); however, the available data are mixed. To clarify the effects of BBT in patients with asthma, we investigated whether it led to clinical improvements with correlation to functional parameters.MethodsUsing a randomized, controlled design, we studied two groups (n = 30 each) of patients with asthma under either BBT or usual therapy (UT) w/o BBT over a period of 3 months. The primary outcome comprised the voluntary control pause (CP) after 3 months, secondary outcomes an additional breathhold parameter, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), capnovolumetry, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ), and the use of medication (β2-agonists; inhaled corticosteroids, ICS).ResultsCP showed significant time-by-group interaction [F(1,58.09) = 28.70, p < 0.001] as well as main effects for study group [F(1,58.27) = 5.91, p = 0.018] and time [F(1,58.36) = 17.67, p < 0.001]. ACQ and NQ scores were significantly (p < 0.05 each) improved with BBT. This was associated with reductions in the use of β2-agonists and ICS (p < 0.05 each) by about 20% each. None of these effects occurred in the UT group. While FEV1 and the slopes of the capnovolumetric expiratory phases 2 and 3 did not significantly change, the capnovolumetric threshold volume at tidal breathing increased (p < 0.05) with BBT by about 10 mL or 10%, compared to baseline, suggesting a larger volume of the central airways. No significant changes were seen for FeNO.ConclusionsBBT was clinically effective, as indicated by the fact that the improvement in symptom scores and the small increase in bronchial volume occurred despite the significant reduction of respiratory pharmacotherapy. As the self-controlled Buteyko breathing therapy was well-accepted by the participants, it could be considered as supporting tool in asthma therapy being worth of wider attention in clinical practice.Trial registration Retrospectively registered on 10 March 2017 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03098849).

The Role of Movement, Exercise, and Breathing in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: An Umbrella Review

Objective: To identify the published review literature regarding movement, exercise, and breathing in the prevention and/ or treatment of the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and long COVID, with the goal of describing the literature and identifying areas for further research and clinical application. Movement and exercise incorporate sedentary behaviours, various forms of exercise, breathing and respiratory therapies, and yoga-asanas (postures). Methods: This paper progresses from a live review and incorporates systematic reviews and narrative reviews. A literature search occurred monthly using PubMed and Google Scholar from May 2022 to May 2023. A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) scoring assessed systematic review quality, while the scale for the assessment of narrative review articles (SANRA) guidelines were used to evaluate narrative reviews. Only information and data focused on movement and exercise relevant to COVID-19 prevention and/or treatment were extracted from each review. Results: Three narrative reviews and five systematic reviews were included. Sedentary behaviours increased significantly during the pandemic. Decreased physical activity level was associated with risk of hospitalization from COVID-19. Physical activity and breathing exercises, whether conducted face-to-face (F-2-F) or via telerehabilitation were associated with improvement in dyspnea (shortness of breath), exercise capacity, lung function, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL). Extreme exercise is best avoided for at least 2 to 3 weeks after severe COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: Sedentary behaviour and lack of regular physical activity is correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19. Various forms of movement, exercise, and breathing may be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19 and in long COVID. Further research and understanding of the importance of movement, exercise, and breathing as it relates to immune health is warranted.

Pengaruh Isometric Handgrip Exercize Dan Terapi Nafas Dalam Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia Hipertensi

One of the non-communicable diseases that causes 71 percent of deaths globally, according to a report by The World Health Organization (WHO), is hypertension.. For the treatment of hypertension, there are both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological options. There are a few non-pharmacological treatment options, including deep breathing exercises and isometric handgrip therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of deep breathing exercises and isometric handgrip exercises in lowering blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients in the Sokodadi District, Paiton, Probolinggo. This type of research is pre-experimental with a one-group pre-post design. The population of elderly people with hypertension in Sokodadi Village, as many as 42 respondents, determined the sample using a purposive sampling technique that fit the criteria of 38 respondents. The instrument used is the Isometric handgrip exercise module and deep breathing therapy. This study was analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. The study's findings demonstrated that the typical blood pressure before therapy was 157/97.4 mmHg, and the blood pressure value after therapy was 146.3/89.7 mmHg. According to the analysis test's Wilcoxon results, deep breathing exercises and therapy for hypertensive elderly people in Sokodadi district had a positive impact on lowering blood pressure. (p-value = 0.000 &lt; α = 0.05). In elderly hypertensive patients, isometric handgrip exercise and deep breathing therapy can lower blood pressure.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDITY OF MINDFULNESS DHIKR BREATHING THERAPY FOR INSOMNIA

Introduction: The prevalence of insomnia in Indonesia is still quite high around 10% to 38.5%. Mindfulness is one of the therapeutic models that can overcome the weaknesses of previous therapeutic for insomnia. Muslims need therapy that uses elements of Islam to feel the benefits. Aim: to develop mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy for insomnia. In this study, we assess the face validity, content validity, and acceptability of the module and audio recording of the mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy. Methods: This research is part of a research and development model of mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy for insomniacs. Participant for the validity test was five experts in psychology. Participants for the acceptability test were 13 adults who suffered from insomnia. The object assessed was the module and audio recording of the therapeutical model. Analysis of face validity was using the subjective valuation by the rater. Analysis of content validity used Aiken's V coefficient. Result: From the rater's subjective assessment of the therapy module and audio recording of the therapy several suggestions were obtained. The content validity based on the average Aiken V coefficient was 0.99 (&gt;0.84, p=0.021). The acceptability obtained average rating for all aspects of the acceptance assessment was 4,30 (&gt;3). Conclusion: The mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy is worthy of use and acceptable as a therapeutic for insomnia. Researchers hope that the development of the module and audio recording of mindfulness dhikr breathing therapy can help the implementation of therapy so that it can be more optimal in overcoming insomnia.

Penerapan Aplikasi Si Mas Latif (Atasi Kecemasan Dengan Relaksasi Dan Terapi Kognitif), Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Masalah Psikososial

Anxiety is a normal emotion that everyone has. Anxiety appears as a brain response to stress that warns of potential danger. Problems arise if the anxiety occurs continuously and even interferes with life. Anxiety like this can have a bad impact on body health and this is what is called an anxiety disorder. To reduce this anxiety problem, deep breathing relaxation and cognitive therapy can be done. The aim of community service is to find out about the application of the Si Mas Latif application (Overcoming Anxiety with Relaxation and Cognitive Therapy), in people who experience psychosocial anxiety problems at the Kertasemaya Health Center, Indramayu Regency.The method used is to create an application that can be used as a guide in overcoming anxiety using deep breathing therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and outreach to program holders and the community using health services.Result: availability of the Si Mas Latif application (Overcoming Anxiety with Relaxation and Cognitive Therapy) and this application has been in HKI and socialization has been carried out to the Kertasemaya Community Health Center program holders.

The Effect of Green Color Breathing Therapy on Blood Pressure in Patients at Risk of Hypertensive Crisis

Background: About 71% of non-communicable diseases (PTM) cause death, one of which is hypertension. The later phases of hypertension are the increased risk of hypertensive crisis, occurring in all types of hypertensions. Hypertensive crisis is a medical emergency and requires appropriate management. Non-pharmacological management is a complementary therapy to pharmacological therapy, one of which is green color breathing therapy. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of green color breathing therapy on blood pressure in patients at risk of hypertensive crisis. Methods: This study used the pre and post-test method without control group design. The measuring instrument for this study used SOP green color breathing therapy and evaluated blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer. The research sample used a total sampling of 31 respondents. Bivariate data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Based on statistical tests with analysis of the Wilcoxon Test (p=0.001). This shows that the p value &lt;0.05, there is a significant effect of green color breathing therapy on the blood pressure of patients at risk of hypertensive crisis. Conclusion: Green color breathing therapy can reduce blood pressure in patients at risk of hypertensive crisis.

Effects of the intermittent intrapulmonary deflation technique on expiratory flow limitation: an in vitro study.

The intermittent intrapulmonary deflation (IID) technique is a recent airway clearance technique that intends to delay the onset of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exhalation. We showed in a previous study that IID increased the expiratory volume of COPD patients compared to quiet breathing and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy. We hypothesized that it was due to the attenuation of the EFL. To verify the physiologic effects of IID and PEP techniques on EFL with a mechanical lung model. A mechanical lung model was created to assess the effects of IID and PEP techniques. The thorax was simulated by a plexiglas box in which an adult test lung was connected. A calibration syringe simulated the inspiratory phase. Later, with activation of the IID, the expiratory phase was driven by the deflation generated by the device. With PEP, the expiration occurred maintaining an expiratory pressure between 5 and 10 cmH2O. A pneumotachograph and a pressure transducer were placed in series for flow, volumes and pressure measurements. The model reproduced physiological characteristics of EFL. However, the deflation of the model was slowed by IID and PEP, and flow remained almost constant, so flow limitation was reduced. The IID and PEP attenuate EFL and increase exhaled volume in the in vitro model.

The Effect of Slow Deep Breathing and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients in Kedaung Wetan Health Center Tangerang

Slow and deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation are non-pharmacological therapies that are easy to do. This therapy can make the body more relaxed so that it can lower blood pressure. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of slow deep breathing therapy and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with a one-group research design using a pre-test and post-test approach without a control group. Respondents in this study consisted of 16 hypertensive patients selected by purposive sampling, with one intervention group. The intervention was carried out by the respondent, who performed slow and deep breathing techniques and progressive muscle relaxation through the media provided. The results showed a significant difference in blood pressure before and after instruction in deep breathing techniques and progressive muscle relaxation, using the paired t-test. The results of the analysis using the t-test showed that there was a significant influence between slow deep breathing techniques and progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure in hypertensive patients (p-value &lt; 0.05). Therefore, it is hoped that nurses can optimize slow and deep breathing techniques and progressive muscle relaxation as non-pharmacological therapies for managing patient hypertension.