Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

The effect of delivery mode on maternal and newborn comfort: An analytical study

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of delivery mode on maternal and newborn comfort. Material and Methods: It is an analytical study. 60 mothers who had vaginal delivery and 60 mothers who had caesarean section and their newborn infants.It was conducted in a State Hospital located in a province in the southern Turkey. The data of the study were collected with Mother and Newborn Information Form, the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire, the Newborn Comfort Behavior Scale, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Before starting the study, written and verbal permissions were obtained from the institution, the ethics committee and the mothers.Results: In this study, it was determined that those who had a caesarean delivery experienced more problems related to sitting on the bed, standing up, personal hygiene, perineal hygiene, urinary incontinence, flatus, and pain at the operation site compared to those who had a vaginal delivery (p0.05). The breastfeeding self-efficacy scores did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Future studies should evaluate the effect of the method of delivery on maternal and newborn comfort.According to the literature, women who had vaginal delivery according to cesarean section; postpartum comfort, breastfeeding success and self-efficacy of breastfeeding were reported to be higher. In this study, it was determined that the delivery mode did not affect the maternal and newborn comfort and mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Postpartum ağrının emzirme öz-yeterliliğine etkisi

Purpose: This study was carried out to identify the effect of postpartum afterpain on breastfeeding self-efficacy.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 376 postnatal women who met the criteria for participation in the study. The participants were administered the Personal Information Form, The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, The Short-Form Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The mean total score received from the breastfeeding self-efficacy by the postpartum women was found to be 36.88±8.54 (min:14, max:70). The mean scores of the sensory and affective pain, total pain intensity, and visual analoque scale were found to be 33.53±4.18 (min:0, max:45), 2.60±1.39 (min:0, max:5), 6.23±1.91 (min:0, max:10), respectively. In this study, the breastfeeding self-efficacy was found to be higher in the women who were 35 years and over, found their social support adequate, planned their current pregnancy, received prenatal care, expressed their willingness to breastfeed, had no breastfeeding problem. The self-efficacy of breastfeeding is low for women who experienced postpartum abdominal pain, who described the frequency of pain as ‘continuous, continuous and constant’, and who stated that they needed analgesia. A statistically significant negative correlation was determined between the postpartum women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy scores and their postpartum afterpain scores. The postpartum women with afterpain were found to have low levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy.Conclusion: Postpartum pain negatively affects breastfeeding self-efficacy. Controlling pain contributes to the effective implementation of the breastfeeding process.

Effects of prenatal individualized mixed management on breastfeeding and maternal health at three days postpartum: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPregnant women with antenatal depression are more prone to postpartum depression and failure in breastfeeding than women without antenatal depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal individualized mixed management intervention on breastfeeding and maternal physical and psychological status at three days postpartum. MethodsThis randomized single-blind controlled trial was conducted from December 2017 to August 2018 with 182 primiparous women in Shanghai, China. Participants with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores ≥9 were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 91) or control group (n = 91). The intervention group underwent a 4-session individualized mixed management intervention and the control group received usual care. Feeding patterns, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Scale (IBAS), and EPDS were used to measure the main outcomes. Two-tailed p-values of p < .05 were considered statistically significant. ResultsThe intervention group had significantly more effective breastfeeding behavior, better breastfeeding self-efficacy, more successful breastfeeding initiation, lower EPDS scores, more sleep time, and better appetite than the control group. ConclusionThe prenatal individualized mixed management intervention demonstrated significant short-term improvement in breastfeeding and maternal physical and psychological health at three days postpartum. Trial registrationChiCTR-IOR-17013761; December 7, 2017.

Translation, Validation, and Psychometric Properties of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form Among Iranian Women.

Iranian researchers have investigated breastfeeding self-efficacy and its related factors. However, there is no valid and reliable tool for assessing the breastfeeding self-efficacy of Iranian Farsi-speaking women. To examine the validity and reliability of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among Iranian Farsi-speaking mothers. We conducted this cross-sectional study at Izadi teaching hospital in Qom, Iran. Using convenience sampling, we recruited 174 mothers, who completed the questionnaire on the first postnatal day. A forward-backward translation method was used to translate the scale. Cronbach's alpha and item-total characteristics were examined to test reliability. Construct validity was evaluated via principal component analysis (PCA), as well as known-groups validity. The mean (standard deviation) of sample age was 28.33 (5.38). The mean (standard deviation) of breastfeeding self-efficacy score was 54.32 (10.50), ranging from 24-70. Cronbach's alpha (.92), inter-item correlations (.21-.72), and corrected item-total correlations (.44-.75) indicated the adequate reliability of the scale. PCA yielded one component with an eigenvalue of 6.97, explaining 49.8% of the total variance. There was no significant difference in the self-efficacy scores between primiparous and multiparous women. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was not significantly different between the groups in terms of the demographic characteristics. The Farsi version of the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale-Short Form is a valid and reliable instrument for Iranian Farsi-speaking mothers, with sound psychometric properties per the other studies worldwide.

A Longitudinal Study on Breastfeeding Practice among Women Living in Western Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a longitudinal study of breastfeeding at two private hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Soliman Fakeeh (SF) follows the WHO's baby-friendly hospital initiative (BFHI), Saudi Germany Hospital (SGH) does not. Participants were 102 women in both hospitals (52 BFHI, 50 non-BFHI). Two semi-quantitative questionnaires, translated into Arabic, were used at baseline and one month postpartum. Results showed that most women in the study have initiated breastfeeding but turned to mixed feedings after one month. We also found that self-efficacy has the biggest influence on breastfeeding practice at one month, measured by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) and regardless of other variables. The BFHI made breast milk the first nutritive substance infants received and had a higher percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding than the non-BFHI. The BFHI hospital supported women to breastfeed practically and educationally. Support was provided by books, internet, and educational sessions. Yet, any effects no longer existed at one month postpartum, at which point most women had shifted to mixed feeding. There was no relationship between the BSES and BFHI status. Thus, we recommend developing breastfeeding promotion programs before delivery and at least a six-months follow-up after delivery, in addition to peer counselling approaches.

Fatores associados ao aleitamento materno segundo os tipos de mamilos

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao aleitamento materno segundo os tipos de mamilo. Método: estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com 60 puérperas internadas em alojamento conjunto. Para coleta foi utilizado um questionário semi-estruturado, além da aplicação da Escala de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e da Escala de Autoeficácia na Amamentação. Resultados: a proporção de mamilos protusos e não protusos foi de 51,6% (n= 31) e 48,3% (n=29), consecutivamente. A ansiedade avaliada foi maior nas mulheres com mamilos não protusos. Enquanto a autoeficácia na amamentação foi maior nas mulheres com mamilos protusos (p 0,027). Os fatores que se associaram a amamentação segundo os tipos de mamilos foram: dificuldade na pega (p 0,019), auxílio durante a amamentação (p 0,003) e satisfação ao amamentar (p 0,043). Conclusão: a prevalência anatômica da protusão mamilar demonstra um fator facilitador durante a amamentação o que pode resultar no sucesso da prática exclusiva por um período mais duradouro.

Exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding self-efficacy and perception of milk supply among mothers in Singapore: A longitudinal study

AimThis study aimed to examine the factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Singapore. Design & ParticipantsThis was a longitudinal study over 6 months. Data was collected on 400 mothers with breastfed infants who attended at primary care clinics. MethodMothers completed self-administered questionnaires on breastfeeding practices, demographic factors, breastfeeding self-efficacy and perception of milk supply at three time points: baseline and follow up visits at infant age 3 months and 6 months. The tools used were the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (Short form) (BSES-SF) and Perception of Insufficient Milk (PIM) questionnaire. FindingsExclusive breastfeeding rate was 38.2% at infant age 6 months. Baseline breastfeeding self-efficacy and perception of milk supply scores were significantly higher for mothers who continued exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months compared to those who had stopped exclusive breastfeeding (p < .01). Generalized Estimating Equation model (GEE) showed that mothers who had tertiary education (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.24–5.66), planned to breastfeed for at least 6 months (OR 6.81, 95% CI 2.15–21.57), had baseline BSES-SF above 50 (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.07–3.54) and PIM scores above 20 (OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.35–6.97) were significantly more likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months.

Comparison of the breastfeeding outcomes and self-efficacy in the early postpartum period of women who had given birth by cesarean under general or spinal anesthesia

Objectives This study was conducted to compare the breastfeeding outcomes and self-efficacy in the early postpartum period of women who had given birth by cesarean under general (GA) or spinal anesthesia (SA). Methods This descriptive study was conducted with 190 women who had given birth under GA and SA at a training and research hospital. The data of the study were collected with the “Data Collection Form”, “LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool” and the “Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale- Short Form (BSES-SF)”. Results The time to first breastfeeding of the newborns was 78.71 ± 126.9 min and 23.7% of the women breastfed within 30 min. Those who gave birth under SA breastfed their newborn infants statistically significantly earlier (p < .05). However, there was no statistical difference between women giving birth by cesarean under GA and SA and their score medians from the LATCH or the BSES-SF (p > .05). Conclusion The percentage of women breastfeeding their infants within the first half hour and the self-efficacy and success rate was higher among women who gave birth under SA than those who had cesarean under GA. However, breastfeeding behaviors were not at the desired level in either group. Health care professionals should therefore support women who undergo a cesarean and especially those who give birth under GA to increase their breastfeeding success and self-efficacy.

BREASTFEEDING SELF-EFFICACY (BSE): COMPARATION BETWEEN ANTENATAL AND POSTPARTUM PERIOD

Breastfeeding is the process of giving mother’s breast milk to baby. Breast milk is the best nutrition for babies. However, there are inhibiting factors that influence mother to decide stop breastfeed. One of the factors is the low Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE). BSE can be used to predict mothers, who will stop the breastfeeding earlier in the future. BSE will increase during pregnancy until 6 weeks postpartum. The purpose of this study was to analysis comparation of BSE during third trimester pregnancy and postpartum period. The design of this study was observational analytic with a prospective cohort study approach. The study was conducted in Malang, on Kedungkandang District from January to May 2018. Fifty-eight respondents were involved in this study. The instruments used in this study were Prenatal Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale (PBSES) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF). The data were analysed using paired t-test. The result of this study was the average BSE score of mothers during pregnancy is 57,59 ± 7,49 and BSE at postpartum, 58.53 ± 5,99. While, the paired t-test obtained a p value of 0.365, it can be concluded that there were no significant differences between BSE mothers during pregnancy and postpartum.

Mixed-Methods Study Examining the Relationship of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy to Breastfeeding Duration and Breastfeeding Exclusivity of Full-Term Infants in the NICU

To explore the confidence and experience of breastfeeding mothers of NICU full-term infants. A mother’s separation from her NICU infant may undermine her confidence to breastfeed. Full-term infants in the NICU receive less breast milk than preterm infants. Mixed method using an exploratory, comparative, correlational, and concurrent parallel convergent design. A Level III NICU. Forty-one diverse postpartum women. Use of the critical incident technique identified the facilitators and barriers for breastfeeding success. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale for Preterm and Ill Infants (BFSE-SF-IP) measured the mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy. One week after the infant’s discharge, the BSFE-SF-IP was completed and the women described what facilitated or hindered their breastfeeding success. Participants were contacted 3 weeks later to ascertain breastfeeding status and formula use. Cronbach’s alpha of the BSEF-SF-IP was .953. Regression analyses revealed BFSE-SF-IP was the only predictor of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity and accounted for 47% of the variance in formula amount and use at 4 weeks. A positive correlation among breastfeeding experience, number of live births, breastfeeding at 1 and 4 weeks, and BFSE-SF-IP and a negative correlation among breast milk pumping, formula use at 1 and 4 weeks and BFSE-SF-IP was found. Women identified 67 critical incidents as facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding success. Facilitators in the NICU were nurses–lactation consultant support and breastfeeding skills. Barriers were infant formula feeding, separation from the baby, scheduled feedings, and not enough breast milk. Facilitators were family support, determination, and staying with the infant. Not having enough breastmilk and infant not taking the breast were barriers. Experienced mothers with a moderate to high BFSE-SF-IP identified formula, scheduled feedings, and separation from their infants as barriers and family support and determination as facilitators. First-time mothers with a moderate to high BFSE-SF-IP identified facilitators as the nurse–lactation consultant support, developing breastfeeding skills, and fear of not producing enough milk. Determination and support were facilitators. First-time mothers with lower BFSE-SF-IP scores identified not feeling well or having had a cesarean, not enough milk, and the infant not latching as barriers to breastfeeding. Mothers whose infants are in the NICU require dedicated breastfeeding support from all health care staff at every encounter.

Predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy among women attending an urban postnatal clinic, Uganda.

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with breastfeeding self‐efficacy among postnatal women in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross‐sectional study that was conducted among women attending a postnatal clinic at a teaching hospital in Kampala. Three hundred and eighty‐four postnatal women were randomly selected to respond to an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. We used the Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy scale (BFSES) to assesses breastfeeding self‐efficacy (BFSE). Descriptive statistics and percentages were used to summarize the findings. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine predictors of BFSE.ResultsParticipants had a mean BFSE score of 48.65. The 14 item BFSES consistently measured breastfeeding confidence with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. About six in 10 women (60.2%) had high BFSE, the rest (39.8%) had low BFSE. Having a partner (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 13, 95% CI 3.46–15) and receiving breastfeeding support from health workers (aOR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.95–6.12) were significantly associated with BFSE.ConclusionA notable number of mothers had a low BFSE. Health workers should support breastfeeding mothers to achieve the desired exclusive breastfeeding levels.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of the study provide a direction for midwives in maternity care in educating and supporting women about breastfeeding for the improvement of exclusive breastfeeding rates thus realization of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.

The relationship of postpartum sleep quality and breastfeeding self-efficacy of Turkish mothers.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy reflects the mother's confidence regarding breastfeeding, and it positively affects breastfeeding. Traditionally, people attach importance to breastfeeding in Turkey and the vast majority of mothers breastfeed their babies. It is a known fact that mothers feel sleepless and tired in the postpartum period reduces the amount of secreted milk. However, it is not known whether there is a relationship between the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy which positively affects breastfeeding and sleep quality of the mothers in this period. This study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between sleep quality and breastfeeding self-efficacy of the mothers in the postpartum period. This descriptive study included 128 primiparous women who had vaginal deliveries from 2 January to 27 May 2018 in a public obstetrics and children's hospital in Mersin. The data of the research were gathered with a questionnaire intended for collecting the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers who completed their second week in the postpartum period, Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale intended for determining their sleep quality and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale intended for determining their breastfeeding self-efficacy. The data obtained were assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between the descriptive statistics and two continuous variables. The mean score gotten by the mothers from Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale was determined to be '33.57±11.26' and '46.82±14.89', respectively. A strong relationship in the negative direction was detected between the scores gotten from Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale (p<0.01). As a result of the research, it was determined that as the sleep quality of mothers in the postpartum period increases their breastfeeding self-efficacy increases as well. In the light of the results obtained, it is suggested that nurses, being aware that there is a strong relationship between sleep quality and breastfeeding self-efficacy in the postpartum period, should pay more attention to the role of education and counselling in these subjects. In addition, it is recommended that nurses make attempts intended for improving the sleep quality of primiparous individuals in order to increase their self-efficacy of breastfeeding.

Prenatal breastfeeding self efficacy scale: validity and reliability study.

To determine the validity and the reliability of the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. This was a methodologic study. The sample of the research comprised 200 pregnant women who presented to the outpatient clinic of Gynecology between April and June 2015. An introductory information form and the Prenatal Breast Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect the data. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, content validity index for coverage validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, and Cronbach-alfa α for reliability were used. In the explanatory factor analysis of the scale, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin floor number was 0.84 and the Barlett's sphericity test results were χ2=1812.608; df=171; p<0.001. The contribution of the factors to total variance was 59.06%. According to confirmatory factor analysis of the scale, the Chi-square test result was as follows: χ2=254.23 (p<0.001, SD=146). The model fit indices were as follows: χ2/SD=1.74, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.06, Comparative Fit Index=0.96, Normed Fit Index=0.92, Non-Normed Fit Index=0.96, Goodness of Fit Index=0.88 and Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index=0.85. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.86. The Prental Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale is a valid and reliable scale which is applicable to Turkish culture and an appropriate tool which can be used by all healthcare workers who wish to design and evaluate interventions to support breastfeeding in the prenatal period.

Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale to assess exclusive breastfeeding

BackgroundIncreasing the prevalence of optimal breastfeeding practices, including exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, could prevent an estimated 823,000 child deaths annually. Self-efficacy is an important determinant of breastfeeding behaviors. However, existing measures do not specifically assess exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy, but rather self-efficacy for any breastfeeding. Hence, we sought to adapt and validate an instrument to measure exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy.MethodsWe modified and added items from Dennis’ Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). It was then implemented in an observational cohort in Gulu, Uganda at 1 (n = 239) and 3 (n = 238) months postpartum (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02925429). We performed inter-item and adjusted item-test correlations, as well as exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis at 1 month postpartum to remove redundant items and determine their latent factor structure. We further applied confirmatory factor analysis to test dimensionality of the scale at 3 months postpartum. We then assessed the reliability of the scale and conducted tests of predictive and discriminant validity. Known group comparisons were made by primiparous status and correct breastfeeding knowledge.ResultsThe modification of the original BSES-SF to target exclusive breastfeeding produced 19 items, which were reduced to 9 based on item correlations and factor loadings. Two dimensions of the adapted scale, the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale to Measure Exclusive Breastfeeding BSES-EBF emerged: Cognitive and Functional subscales, with alpha coefficients of 0.85 and 0.79 at 3 months postpartum. Predictive and discriminant validity and known group comparisons assessments supported its validity.ConclusionsThis version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy scale, the BSES-EBF Scale, is valid and reliable for measuring exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy in northern Uganda, and ready for adaptation and validation for clinical and programmatic use elsewhere.

Investigation of the relationship between social support and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous breastfeeding mothers

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the public health priorities in the world. Reduction and early discontinuation of breastfeeding have many harmful effects on maternal, child, and community health. Various factors affect breastfeeding and its sustainability including breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) and social support. Since breastfeeding is a behavior that needs knowledge, skills, support, and self-confidence for the mother. Objective: to investigate the relationship between social support and self-efficacy in primiparous breastfeeding women referring to Mashhad health centers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 primiparous breastfeeding mothers with less than 6 months infants referring to healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran. Materials and methods: The study population was selected through a multistage random sampling method. Data gathering was done by demographic form, Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale and perceived social support questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, through SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: Mean score of BSE and social support was 130.89 ± 13.60 and 67.36 ± 5.52, respectively. Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between social support and BSE precisely. The results showed that social support had a significant effect on BSE (p < .001, β = 0.35, t = 6.44). Conclusions: According to the present study, social support was significantly related to the BSE. Therefore, those with more social support had higher rates of BSE. Therefore, receiving support from the woman’s social network members in form of participation and encouragement, during the breastfeeding is necessary.

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score with Lactational Mastitis a Cross Sectional Study in a Family Health Unit, Sharkia Governorate,Egypt

Abstract: Background: Mastitis is an infection of the tissue of the breast that occurs most frequently during the time of breastfeeding. About 1%-3% of breastfeeding mothers develop mastitis. Engorgement and incomplete breast emptying can contribute to the problem and make the symptoms worse. Mastitis can occur with or without the presence of infection. As it progresses, mastitis can cause the formation of a breast abscess. Severe cases of mastitis can be fatal if left untreated. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in lactating females and to determine breastfeeding self-efficacy for cases of mastitis. Method: A cross sectional study in a family health unit in Sharkia governorate on women who gave birth to a healthy term infant, attending El- Aslogy family health unit for the 4th dose of child vaccine. Interviewed in the vaccination room for the occurrence of mastitis and its risk factors and breastfeeding self-efficacy-short form. Results: 20% of the studied lactating females developed mastitis. Three quarters of mastitis cases have no previous history of mastitis (75%), 75% suffered from nipple cracks and 70% wore bra during sleep. The mean score of Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale is statistically higher with non-mastitis than with mastitis (50.84 ± 8.48 versus 32.77±2.68) respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is statistical significant difference between mastitis cases and female without mastitis regarding nipple cracks and breast congestion, lactating duct obstruction, wearing breast bra during sleep and using milk suction. Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Score is higher with non-mastitis than with mastitis cases.

Alternative Feeding Techniques and Its Effect on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy

Breastfeeding self-efficacy is the main part for the success of breastfeeding, achieved by the support from the family and from the community. Self-efficacy is the one’s belief in their capabilities, directly related to behavior, feeling, thoughts and motivation of the person. Successful experience increases mom’s self-efficacy, and leads to better breastfeeding. This is a cognitive theory that assess mom’s self-confidence to breastfeed her baby rather than whether she do succeed to breastfeeding. This paper intended to explore the alternative techniques used to overcome the challenges to exclusive breastfeeding and evaluate breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers who used alternative techniques. The study is a cross sectional study in Al-Aslogy family health unit, Zagazig city, on women who gave birth to a healthy term baby and initiated breastfeeding in the first seven days postpartum, mothers were interviewed for the Breastfeeding self-efficacy and using alternative techniques for child feeding. This paper revealed that the mean score of Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale is 39.93±5.81 in very low social class versus 56.6±13.33 in high social class with high statistically significant difference and the mean score of BFSE-Score is also statistically higher with exclusive breast feeding than in mothers who used alternative techniques (55.35±7.09 versus 40.34±7.81) respectively (p=0.000). It was concluded that Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Score is higher with exclusive breast feeding than with the use of alternative techniques.

Breastfeeding self-efficacy among blind mothers.

To evaluate breastfeeding self-efficacy among blind mothers. This is a descriptive and exploratory research carried out in Fortaleza-Ceara, with ten blind mothers. Data were collected through an interview with the application of a socioeconomic and obstetric questionnaire and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form. The majority of blind mothers presented high breastfeeding self-efficacy, but there were also mothers with low breastfeeding self-efficacy. It is necessary to follow-up mothers throughout the entire breastfeeding period to maintain or improve breastfeeding self-efficacy in this specific public.

Evaluating effects of prenatal web-based breastfeeding education for pregnant mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy: Prospective randomized control trial

BackgroundEducation is the cornerstone supporting breastfeeding practices. However, the traditional oral education method cannot always satisfy the learning needs of mothers. Objectiveto measure the effectiveness of prenatal web-based breastfeeding education program for Jordanian pregnant mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy on enhancing knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of breastfeeding after giving birth. Methodsprospective randomized control trial design was used with sample consisted of 112 pregnant mothers who were recruited from one antenatal clinic in Irbid Governorate. Data collection instruments were the infant feeding knowledge and attitudes (IIFAS) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) were used to measure self efficacy, knowledge and attitudes regarding breastfeeding. ResultsParticipants of the experimental group were at moderate level of BSES in pre and post intervention with increasing the number of mothers in the same level post intervention. Participants were at a neutral level of IIFAS in both groups generally, they were neither positive to breastfeeding nor to bottle feeding. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups on post- intervention scores on BSES and IIFAS. ConclusionThis study is considered the first trial to use new teaching methodologies as internet and website in teaching mothers about breastfeeding. Despite that there were not differences between intervention and control groups, web-based breastfeeding education program may contribute in improving breastfeeding self efficacy. ImplicationsInclusion prenatal web-based breastfeeding education in antenatal clinics at MCHC centers of Ministry of Health. Further research is needed to replicate this study in other Jordanian health settings.

Influence of maternal confidence on exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age: a systematic review.

Breastfeeding is a practice directly related to the health of the mother and especially the baby. Despite being a natural process, many mothers report difficulties with breastfeeding. This study aimed to seek scientific evidence on the issue: "Can a mother with more confidence in breastfeeding exclusively breastfeed her baby for 06 months?". We conducted a systematic review with a search in five electronic databases, and included four cohort studies for evaluation. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the results, considering the methodological differences and lack of data, and were unable to perform meta-analysis. Confidence in breastfeeding was evaluated by using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. The studies analyzed showed statistically significant association between the practice of breastfeed and confidence in breastfeeding. The application of a scale to evaluate trust and identify mothers at risk for early weaning appeared to be a reliable measurement tool, capable of facilitating action planning by health professionals. The evidence showed association between mothers with higher levels of confidence in breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, but these results could not be generalized because of the heterogeneity of the population.