Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

The effect of virtual reality on the breastfeeding process: a randomized controlled study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breastfeeding training given with virtual reality (VR) to postpartum mothers after cesarean section delivery on breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The research was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. In total, 66 women were included in the study, with 31 in the control group and 35 in the intervention group. The study included mothers who had no vision or hearing impairments and no neurological disorder, who had received breastfeeding counseling during pregnancy, and who had given birth by cesarean delivery to a healthy baby. The control group received standard breastfeeding training while the intervention group watched a breastfeeding video with VR in the 4th and 24th hours after cesarean delivery. Research data were collected with the sociodemographic information form, LATCH Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. As a result of the research, the women in the intervention group were found to have higher mean scores for the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in the 4th and 24th hours compared to the control group. Mean LATCH scores were also higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. There were linear correlations between the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale scores and LATCH Scale scores. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success of mothers who received breastfeeding training with VR at 4th and 24th hours after cesarean delivery were higher than mothers who received standard breastfeeding training. NCT06256822.

Greek Validation of the Questionnaire “Prenatal Breast-Feeding Self Efficacy” Scale

Background: Empowerment and support for maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy are a worldwide effort. Mothers who demonstrate high levels of self-efficacy are more likely to maintain and succeed in exclusive breastfeeding. There is research evidence that the Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating breastfeeding self-efficacy before delivery.

Greek Validation of the Questionnaire “Prenatal Breast-Feeding Self Efficacy” Scale

Background: Empowerment and support for maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy are a worldwide effort. Mothers who demonstrate high levels of self-efficacy are more likely to maintain and succeed in exclusive breastfeeding. There is research evidence that the Prenatal Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating breastfeeding self-efficacy before delivery.

Vulnerable Baby Perception of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Relationship with Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Bonding.

Aim: This study was performed with the aim of investigating the correlation between vulnerable baby perception with breastfeeding self-efficacy and bonding of mothers with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Material and Method: The sample for this descriptive and relational search study comprised mothers of 80 healthy infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ordu University Education and Research Hospital for at least 3 days and at least 1 week past discharge. Collection of data used the Mother and Infant Descriptive Information Form, Vulnerable Baby Scale (VBS), Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), and Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). Results: The VBS scores for employed mothers were significantly higher than those who were not employed, whereas the VBS scores for mothers with planned pregnancy were significantly higher than those with unplanned pregnancy (p < 0.05). According to the total number of pregnancies, the BSES scores were identified to be statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). The MIBS scores for mothers without mental change related to admission of the infant to NICU were significantly lower than those who were sad/scared (p = 0.015). There was a statistically insignificant correlation between VBS score and BSES score (p > 0.05). There was a positive and very weak statistically significant correlation between VBS score and MIBS score (p = 0.034). As VBS scores increase, MIBS scores increase (higher MIBS = lower bonding). In addition, the effect of VBS score on MIBS score was identified to be statistically significant (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The results of the study found a significant correlation between vulnerable baby perceptions of mothers and mother-infant bonding. As vulnerable baby perceptions increased, mother-infant bonding was identified to decrease. We speculate the breastfeeding self-efficacy and bonding levels of mothers with infants in the NICU should be assessed along with vulnerability perception levels, and necessary support should be provided to reduce vulnerability perceptions by informing mothers about the neonate's status.

The Effect of Hot Application Applied to the Breast with the Help of the Thera Pearl in the Postpartum Period on Mothers' Milk Perception and Postpartum Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Breastfeeding difficulties are often present in the first weeks of the postpartum period, and various factors can cause a mother's early cessation of breastfeeding. Such factors include mothers' self-efficacy and perception of insufficient milk. This study aimed to examine the effect of a hot application on the breast with the help of the Thera Pearl in the postpartum period on milk perception and breastfeeding self-efficacy. This was a randomized controlled trial. This study was completed with 64 puerperal mothers, 31 of whom were control and 33 were experimental. A Personal Information Form, Breastfeeding Observation Form, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, and Insufficient Milk Perception Scale were used to collect data. The average breastfeeding self-efficacy scale scores of the experimental group were 42.46 and 62, respectively, at the first and last follow-up, while the control group's mean scores were 57.42 and 47. The average scores of the experimental group on the insufficient milk perception scale were 19, 28, and 48, respectively, from the first to the last follow-up, while those of the control group were 28, 24, and 34, respectively. As a result, self-efficacy and milk perception are important factors affecting breastfeeding. In this study, we found that Thera Pearl application increased breastfeeding self-efficacy but did not affect milk perception.

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex: Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Its Association with Depression Scores and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy.

Background: Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) is a phenomenon that occurs before milk letdown and is described as a wave of negative or devastating emotions, ranging from mild to severe and lasting for seconds to minutes. To date, there has been little research regarding this phenomenon. This study aims to determine the prevalence of D-MER in our population as well as its association with postnatal depression scores and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Methods: Lactating persons between 4 and 12 weeks postpartum at our institution were invited to complete an anonymous 59-question survey via an online platform. Questions asked included patient demographics, presence of symptoms of dysphoria (including timing, duration, and frequency), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-sf). Results: In total, 201 women completed the survey. Twelve women were classified as likely having D-MER (6%). Symptom resolution primarily occurred within a minute to 5 minutes (58%). Mean EPDS scores differed significantly between those with likely D-MER and those without (12.2 vs. 5.4, p = 0.002). BSES-sf scores differed significantly between the two groups (43.1 vs. 52.5, p = 0.009). Preexisting depression or anxiety was not associated with D-MER (p = 0.133), other reported mood disorders differed significantly between those with D-MER and those without (p = 0.004). Demographic characteristics of women with and without D-MER were similar. Conclusion: D-MER prevalence may be lower than previously reported. Patients with likely D-MER appear to have lower breastfeeding self-efficacy and higher depression scores. Those with preexisting mood disorders may be at higher risk of experiencing D-MER.

Integrating a Breastfeeding Peer Counselor Into an Academic Hospital’s Obstetric Clinic: A Pilot Study

Black recipients of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) have low breastfeeding rates. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if prenatal education by a breastfeeding peer counselor in an academic obstetric clinic is feasible and could improve WIC-eligible participants’ breastfeeding self-efficacy and in-hospital breastfeeding rates. Pregnant participants (N= 57) were randomized into either an intervention group, which spoke briefly with a breastfeeding peer counselor immediately after their clinic appointment, or a comparison group, which received usual prenatal obstetric care only. Integrating a breastfeeding peer counselor into an academic obstetric clinic proved feasible and improved the intervention group’s overall pre- to postscores on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. This small pilot study showed no significant difference in in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates between the groups.

IJCM_13A: Effect of video based educational intervention in Gestational diabetic mothers on breast feeding self efficacy: a Randomized Control Trial

Background: Women with Gestational diabetes mellitus face a lot of challenges when it comes to breast feeding. Breast feeding self efficacy is an important factor for improving breast feeding outcomes. Objectives: To know the effect of educational intervention on breast feeding efficacy in immediate postpartum period among women with gestational diabetic mellitus using breast feeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF). Methodology: A randomized control trial was conducted between May 2022 to August 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Ethics committee approval was obtained. Clinical trial registry was done (CTRI/2023/03/051176). 108 women with Gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. Study participants were divided into control and intervention group. Intervention group were shown an informative video on breast feeding practices and techniques while both the groups were educated using flipcharts on essential newborn care. Breast feeding efficacy was scored in both the groups at admission, after intervention within 48 hours puerperium using breast feeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF) and results were analyzed. Results: The mean age group of the study was 30.15 ± 5.12. The demographic details in both the groups were comparable. The mean BSES-SF scores were 45.13 pre-intervention vs 55.15 post-intervention in the intervention group (p = &lt;0.001) while mean BSES-SF scores were 44.60 pre-intervention vs 47.53 post-intervention in control group (p = &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Video based educational intervention had a positive impact on breast feeding efficacy in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

The Effect of Theory-Based Care on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Anxiety and Breast Milk Release

Objective: The effect of nursing care provided according to Dennis’ breastfeeding self-efficacy theory on breastfeeding self-efficacy, anxiety, and breast milk secretion was evaluated.&#x0D; Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 mothers in the first week postpartum were examined. The mothers and their supporters in the Dennis Theory-Based Nursing Care group were trained. Before the training, mothers were given the personal information form and the breastfeeding diary form to be filled out for 15 days. The perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers was evaluated using the “Postpartum Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale”. Their anxiety was determined using the “State Anxiety Scale”, and breast milk release was assessed using the “Daily Form for Baby’s Adequate Nutrition”. The parameters were measured on the first day and 15 days after the training. Routine hospital standard nursing care was provided to the mothers in the control group. &#x0D; Results: The number of formulas given by mothers in the Dennis Theory-Based Nursing Care group to their babies was significantly lower than the number of formulas given by the mothers in the control group (Z=–0.90, p

Determinants and Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Thai Muslim Mothers: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Exclusive breastfeeding is pivotal for the health and development of infants and offers numerous benefits to mothers. However, unique cultural beliefs and practices, particularly among Muslim communities, can significantly influence breastfeeding behaviors. This study sought to elucidate the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among Thai Muslim mothers. The sample was 168 postpartum Muslim mothers from well-baby clinics in southern Thailand, selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected from June to December 2022 employing the Demographic Data Form, Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale -Short Form, Maternal Health Literacy Scale, Islamic Belief Scale, Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support, and Breastfeeding Practices Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank’s correlation, and binary logistic regression analysis. The study found that the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among Thai Muslim mothers at six months postpartum was 54.8%. Notably, breastfeeding self-efficacy emerged as the sole predictor of exclusive breastfeeding, accounting for 11% of the variance in this practice. These findings underscore the critical role of breastfeeding self-efficacy in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare professionals develop culturally tailored support programs that enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy, aligned with Islamic beliefs, to improve breastfeeding practices among Muslim mothers.

Psychometrics of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and short form: a systematic review

BackgroundThe Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale and its short-form were developed in Canada and have been used internationally among numerous maternal populations. However, the psychometric properties of the scales have not been reviewed to confirm their appropriateness in measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy in culturally diverse populations. The purpose of this research was to critically appraise and synthesize the psychometric properties of the scales via systematic review.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) were searched from 1999 (original publication of the Scale) until April 27, 2022. The search was updated on April 1, 2023. Studies that assessed the psychometric properties of the BSES or BSES-SF were included. Two researchers independently extracted data and completed the quality appraisals.ResultsForty-one studies evaluated the psychometrics of the BSES (n = 5 studies) or BSES-SF (n = 36 studies) among demographically or culturally diverse populations. All versions of the instrument demonstrated good reliability, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from .72 to .97. Construct validity was supported by statistically significant differences in mean scores among women with and without previous breastfeeding experience and by correlations between the scales and theoretically related constructs. Predictive validity was demonstrated by statistically significant lower scores among women who ultimately discontinued breastfeeding compared to those who did not.ConclusionThe BSES and BSES-SF appear to be valid and reliable measures of breastfeeding self-efficacy that may be used globally to (1) assess women who may be at risk of negative breastfeeding outcomes (e.g., initiation, duration and exclusivity), (2) individualize breastfeeding support, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of breastfeeding interventions.

The effects of video-assisted breastfeeding education given to primiparous pregnant women on breastfeeding self-efficacy: randomized control study

BackgroundBreastfeeding is vitally important for the health of the mother, baby, family and society. Especially the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy of primiparous pregnant women is an important factor in breastfeeding. This study was conducted to determine the effects of online video-supported breastfeeding education on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous pregnant women.MethodsThis randomized controlled study was conducted with primiparous pregnant women admitted to a university hospital in northern Turkey. The study involved 80 pregnant women, with 40 assigned to the experimental group and 40 to the control group. Participants in the intervention group received online video-assisted education, which covered the first meeting of the mother and baby as well as the initial breastfeeding session. The data for the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale were gathered at the onset of the study and three weeks later. In data analysis, categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test, continuous variables and intergroup comparisons were conducted through the independent sample t-test, and intragroup comparisons were performed using the paired sample t-test.ResultsWhile the baseline breastfeeding self-efficacy levels of the primiparous pregnant women were similar between the groups, statistically significant differences were observed both within (p = 0.000) and between (p = 0.000) groups in the breastfeeding self-efficacy scores of pregnant women in the intervention group after the education intervention.ConclusionBreastfeeding self-efficacy levels in the education group showed a statistically significant increase compared to both the pre-education and control groups. This highlights the importance of nurses providing support to primiparous pregnant women through video-assisted education during pregnancy to enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06121973 date of first registration (27/10/2023), retrospectively registered (08/11/2023).

Fear of Childbirth and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Predictors of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Among Turkish Pregnant Women

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the fear of childbirth (FOC) and prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, the factors affecting them, and the factors that predict breastfeeding self-efficacy among Turkish pregnant women. Methods: The research was of a descriptive and cross-sectional type. The study was conducted with 228 pregnant women who came to the obstetrics outpatients’ department at 28-40 weeks of gestation. Data were collected using an Individual Description Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale (W-DEQ), and the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES). Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.09±4.29. The W-DEQ scores of the pregnant women were 66.50±11.38, and their PBSES scores were 63.71±4.43. More than half of the pregnant women (59.1%) experienced severe and clinical FOC. Prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy was significantly lower in pregnant women with severe and clinical FOC compared with those with mild and moderate FOC (p&lt;0.001). There was a very low level negative correlation between FOC and PBSES (r= -0.277, p&lt;0.001). W-DEQ, education level, duration of marriage, feeling about pregnancy and duration of breastfeeding were determined as predictors of PBSES (p&lt;0.05, R2:0.472). Conclusion: It was found that the majority of pregnant women experienced levels of severe and clinical FOC and their prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions were moderate. Health professionals should provide education and counseling to pregnant women to reduce the fear of childbirth experienced by pregnant women and to improve their prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy. In this way, mother-child health will be protected both during pregnancy and in the postnatal period.

The effectiveness of online breastfeeding education and support program on mothers of preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study

ObjectiveTo develop a WeChat-mini-program-based Online breastfeeding education and support program and explore its impacts on promoting mothers of preterm infants’ breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and rates. Design, setting, and participantsThis was a quasi-experimentation with two-group comparisons. The eligible preterm mother-infant pairs were recruited from the NICU within seven days postpartum. The first 25 mothers admitted to the NICU during the study period were included in the control group, and the following 25 mothers were in the intervention group according to the admission order of their preterm infants. A generalized linear mixed model was used to detect the effects of the online intervention program and the interaction effects of group and time. InterventionsThe participants received a 3-month online breastfeeding intervention from a WeChat mini program for the intervention group. MeasurementsMothers of preterm infants’ breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and breastfeeding rates of different patterns were respectively evaluated by the Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ), Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) at three different points of times including before intervention (T0), at one month postpartum (T1) and three months postpartum (T2). FindingsThe breastfeeding knowledge significantly differed between the two groups but without differences between different time points and in the grouping*time interaction. Within the intervention group, significant improvements were observed from T0 to T2 and T1 to T2. No significant differences in breastfeeding attitudes, self-efficacy, and breastfeeding rates were found between and within groups. Key conclusionsThe WeChat-mini-program-based online breastfeeding intervention may improve the breastfeeding knowledge level of mothers of preterm infants but has no significant impact on mothers’ breastfeeding attitudes, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and breastfeeding rates. Implications for practiceThe WeChat mini program can be used to improve the breastfeeding knowledge level of mothers of preterm infants. Future interventions need to target both mothers of preterm infants and their family members by combing online and offline approaches.

Gravidade da anquiloglossia em bebês: dor materna, autoeficácia e aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0–3; mild: scores 4–6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators.

Breastfeeding success and perceived social support in lactating women with a history of COVID 19 infection: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundGiven the limited availability of research on the association between COVID-19 infection and breastfeeding success, the primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of this relationship.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 260 women who were on the postnatal ward of an academic hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic (between March and August 2021). Among these women, 130 had tested positive for COVID-19 in pregnancy, while the remaining 130 were considered healthy. The study aimed to assess various factors, including sociodemographic characteristics and the results of four validated questionnaires: The Bristol Breastfeeding Questionnaire, The Multidimensional of Perceived Social Support (MPSS), The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), and The Postpartum Partner Support Scale (PPSS). These questionnaires were administered to each participant to gather relevant data. After eight weeks, a telephone follow-up was carried out to assess the success of breastfeeding. The evaluation focused on determining if exclusive breastfeeding was maintained or not. Data was collected by questioning mothers about their infants’ feeding habits in the past 24 h. Exclusive breastfeeding refers to the exclusive use of breast milk without the introduction of other liquids or solid foods.ResultsWomen with a previous COVID-19 infection (case group) had a lower mean infant gestational age (P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of cesarean section (P = 0.001) compared to the control group. The proportion of women who exclusively breastfed was higher in the control group (98.5%) than in women with a history of COVID-19 infection (89.2%) (P = 0.011). Furthermore, the case group reported lower scores in perceived social support and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, in contrast to the control group. Notably, there was a significant correlation between breastfeeding success and women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy score.ConclusionsThe findings of this study offer valuable insights for healthcare professionals, enabling them to promote early initiation of breastfeeding in mothers with a history of COVID-19 infection, while ensuring necessary precautions are taken.

The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) Versi Indonesia: Studi Pendahuluan Uji Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Pada Ibu Hamil

Breastfeeding self-efficacy is one thing that can influence breastfeeding success. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF) in Indonesian for pregnant women. The sample was 91 third trimester pregnant women in Banyumas Regency taken in 2022 using cluster sampling. The BSES-SF consists of 14 question items with a Likert scale of 1 (not very confident) to 5 (always confident). Data analysis to assess construct validity through factor analysis and internal reliability (internal consistency). The results obtained have a loading factor value of 0.5, the Indonesian version of the BSES-SF is valid for use in the population of pregnant women in Indonesia, the Indonesian version of the BSES-SF has a good internal reliability value (internal consistency), Cronbach's alpha 0.917 and Cronbach's Alpha if value item deleted from 14 items 0.90. So the Indonesian version of the BSES-SF is valid and reliable to use in the population of pregnant women in Indonesia.

Factors Affecting Thai Fathers' Self-Efficacy to Support Exclusive Breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding is the ideal approach for feeding infants and is an important public health consideration. Successful exclusive breastfeeding initiation and duration is influenced by fathers' support. Paternal self-efficacy to support breastfeeding has also been shown to mediate infant feeding practices. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with Thai fathers' self-efficacy to support maternal exclusive breastfeeding. We adopted a cross-sectional survey design for this study. In total, 215 Thai fathers who had a partner with a term (37-42 weeks) pregnancy participated in the study. Data were collected from antenatal care clinics at two hospitals in Northern Thailand between June and August 2022. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Fathers' Attitude toward Exclusive Breastfeeding questionnaire, the Fathers' Knowledge about Exclusive Breastfeeding questionnaire, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (Short-Form). Multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression were used to analyze factors influencing Thai fathers' self-efficacy to support maternal exclusive breastfeeding. The mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score was 52.94 (SD = 8.58), indicating that fathers were confident they were able to support their partners' breastfeeding. Regression analysis revealed family type, fathers' attitude toward, and fathers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding significantly explaining 14.90% of the variance in paternal breastfeeding support self-efficacy. However, fathers' age, education, employment, income, and number of living children were not associated with their self-efficacy. The results demonstrated that family type and fathers' attitudes/knowledge about breastfeeding influenced their self-efficacy to support exclusive breastfeeding. Nurses should consider implementing breastfeeding interventions specific to fathers to enhance their attitudes and knowledge about breastfeeding, including increasing fathers' self-efficacy to support maternal exclusive breastfeeding efforts.

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Personal Well-Being and Related Factors in Pregnant Women Living in a District of Istanbul.

In this study, we examined breastfeeding self-efficacy levels, well-being and sociodemographic factors in pregnant women. The population of this descriptive study consisted of women with a pregnancy of 27 weeks or more in the Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, Türkiye. A questionnaire was administered via telephone calls to pregnant women aged 18 years and older. The first part of the questionnaire included questions regarding breastfeeding history and sociodemographic information. The second part included the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, and the last part included the Personal Well-Being Scale. Higher scale scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy and well-being. In total, 385 women participated in the study. The median age of the pregnant women was 28.0 years (18.0-43.0). The median gestational week was 33.0 (27.0-42.0). Among women who had received breastfeeding counseling, those with a higher level of knowledge about breastfeeding had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Women with better economic status also had higher well-being scores (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between well-being and breastfeeding self-efficacy approaching the statistical significance level (p = 0.052). It is important to consider factors that may be associated with women's well-being and self-efficacy.

The German version of the Bristol breastfeeding assessment tool: A validation study

ObjectivesThis study aimed, first, to validate the Bristol Still [Breastfeeding] Assessment Tool (BSAT) through determining inter-rater reliability, construct and criterion and second, to assess if healthcare professionals viewed the tool as appropriate for use on a maternity ward. Design and settingA validation study was performed at the maternity ward of a university hospital in the German-speaking region of Switzerland. ParticipantsWe included 44 mother–newborns dyads in the validation study, and 15 healthcare professionals assessed its appropriateness for use on a maternity ward. Measurements and findingsInter-rater reliability was determined by observing 82 breastfeeding sessions, which were independently assessed by two assessors based on the criteria of the BSAT. Convergent validity was determined using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form. Predictive validity was determined by breastfeeding status at hospital discharge. A self-developed 5-item questionnaire assessed the appropriateness of the tool for use on a maternity ward.Inter-rater reliability was good at the item level (six out of eight intraclass-correlation coefficient values were greater than 0.75 and p < 0.00). The convergent validity demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with breastfeeding self-efficacy, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.69 (Confidence Interval = 0.46–0.83, p < 0.00). The predictive validity with breastfeeding status at hospital discharge was not statistically significant with χ2(22, n = 44) = 26.98, p = 0.21). Healthcare professionals confirmed that the tool was appropriate for using in daily practice on the maternity ward. Key conclusionThe BSAT had an overall good inter-rater reliability and a moderate construct validity with the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy level and has comparable psychometrics properties as the original. Implications for practiceWe recommend assessing breastfeeding with the BSAT and scoring it at the item level and not with a total score. Using the BSAT on maternity wards could help monitor and objectify breastfeeding practices.