Breast Self-examination Skills Research Articles

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN THE SADARI PROGRAM (BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION)

Background: Cancer is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One of the most common cancers and with the highest incidence is breast cancer. There are still many PKK Mojosongo Jebres Surakarta mothers who are not aware of the importance of early breast examination. This Breast Self-Examination (BSE) has been proven to be culturally acceptable, religiously friendly, and inexpensive. BSE is one way of action to find early symptoms of breast cancer that can be detected by mothers themselves, does not require experts to find breast cancer early, and is part of prevention efforts. Objective: This community service is to improve BSE knowledge and skills through community empowerment which will have an impact on increasing awareness and efforts to prevent breast cancer in Mojosongo. Methods: This activity begins with a regional visit to find out the existing problems, and a meeting with the PKK Chairperson to coordinate the implementation, the sampling technique uses a total sampling of all PKK mothers totaling 50 people who are given education and practice on how to do self-examination at home. Results: Community service can improve the ability of PKK mothers to do BSE independently. Conclusion: SADARI Education and Training improves the ability of knowledge and skills independently and has a positive impact on maternal health. The Recommendations, need to encourage and follow up on education and training on SADARI examinations by adding periodic follow-up sessions, this is done so that knowledge and practice of SADARI continue to be implemented.

The effect of web based and traditional self breast examination education on nursing students’ knowledge, skills and self-directed learning skills: A randomised controlled study

AimThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of web based self-breast examination education on nursing students’ knowledge, skills, and self-directed learning skills in self-breast examination. BackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women, mortality rates are still high today. It is critical to improve the knowledge and skills and raise the self-awareness and health consciousness of individuals and society about self-breast examination, which is important in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, in order to lower mortality rates. Accordingly, one of the basic nursing skills aimed to be acquired by nursing students future nursing professionals is a self-breast examination. DesignThis study was conducted with a randomised, controlled, and experimental trial. MethodsA total of 90 students were included in the study: the intervention group (n=43) and the control group (n=47). Intervention group students participated in web-based SBE Education.Control group students participated in SBE Education based on a traditional learning model.A Student Information Form, the Self-Breast Examination Knowledge Test, the Self-Breast Examination Skill Rubric, and the Self-Directed Learning Skills Scale were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test were run to analyse the data. ResultsIt was observed that the control group had a higher score in self-breast examination knowledge than the intervention group during the intervention period and the follow-up period after 15 days. No difference was noticed between the groups after the intervention for self-breast examination skill score, but the intervention group had a higher score than the control group for self-breast examination skill during the follow-up period after 15 days. No significant difference was noted between the groups for self-directed learning scores. This result validated hypothesis H4. This result refuted hypothesis H1, H2, H3, H5. ConclusionsWeb based education on self-breast examination improves students’ breast self-examination skills and self-directed learning skills, but not their knowledge level of self-breast examination.

The Effect of Health Education Using Animated Video Media on Knowledge and Skills of Breast Self-Examination in Adolescent Girls

Background: Adolescence lasts from the age of 10-19 years who have experienced the formation of puberty hormones so that they have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Breast cancer can be detected by breast self-examination (BSE). However, there are still many adolescents who do not know how to do it, so health education is needed, one of which is through animated videos Purpose: To find out the impact of health education using animated video media on the knowledge and skills of BSE in adolescent girls Methods: This study used a Quasi-Experimental design with a pretest-posttest with a control design. To measure SADARI knowledge and skills using the instrument of the SADARI knowledge questionnaire sheet and the SADARI skill observation sheet. The sample was taken using proportional stratified sampling of 19 respondents for each intervention group and control group. Education about BSE was provided to the intervention group through animated videos and control groups through leaflet media. Statistical analysis was performed using a dependent t-test and an independent t-test with an alpha value of 0.05 Result: There was a significant difference in the average score of knowledge and skills before education in the intervention group using animated video media 57.85 and 47.31 to 79.73 and 73.82 (p-value 0.000 < α 0.05), while for the control group using leaflet media before education 47.31 and 19.17 to 62.31 and 66.95 (p-value 0.000). There was a significant difference in average post-education scores between the two groups with a p-value of 0.000 for knowledge and a p-value of 0.003 for skills Implication: There is an effect of health education using animated video media on adolescent girls' knowledge and skills about self-awareness

Edukasi Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri Berpengaruh terhadap Keterampilan Sadari Remaja Putri Usia 13-15 Tahun

The cause of high early death rates for women is caused by breast cancer, and is in second place in the world with new cases of 1.67. million. Early detection of signs and symptoms of breast cancer can be done independently by doing breast self-examination (BSE). Education about BSE is an alternative way to improve breast cancer prevention skills. This study aims to determine the effect of providing BSE education on BSE skills in young women aged 13-15 years (In Gesikan Pakel Village, Tulungagung 2022). The research design is a one group pre post test design with a quantitative approach. The population is all young women aged 13-15 years as many as 92 people with a purposive sampling technique obtained a sample of 35 respondents. The independent variable is breast self-examination education and the dependent variable is BSE skills. Data collection uses a BSE skills questionnaire sheet, then the data is processed through coding, scoring and tabulating. Statistical test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that there was an increase in the skills of the respondents, namely before the treatment there were 20 respondents (57.1%) who had initial category skills, and after the treatment there were 18 respondents (51.4%) who had advanced category skills. The p value obtained is 0.000 and α is 0.05 which means the p value <α means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It was concluded that there was an effect of providing BSE education on BSE skills in young women aged 13-15 years in Gesikan Village. The success of providing education through demonstrations to school-age adolescents is able to increase concentration and skills in performing breast examinations. Thus the methods and techniques of BSE education can be improved for the success of BSE.

Ealth Counseling About Early Detection of Breast Cancer with Breast Self Examination (Breast) In Adolescent Women

Breast cancer is a common disease in women and can cause death. The disease usually occurs in low- and middle-income countries, with most of the diagnoses being at an advanced studium. One effort that can be done in the context of early detection of breast cancer that can be done is breast self-examination (BSE). The purpose of this community service is to improve skills through BSE training. This activity will be held in Jati Sari Lubuk Pakam Village in April 2023. The target of this activity is 46 young women. The expected result of this community service activity is an increase in BSE skills which will be the basis for breast cancer prevention. The method used in this activity is the provision of material about breast cancer and BSE training.
 Based on the results of the activity, the respondents were very enthusiastic about participating in counseling activities and knowing more deeply about breast cancer prevention by self-breast examination (Sadari). Through this activity, it is hoped that young women will be able to apply knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE) regularly so that they can detect breast cancer early on.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence assisted interactive screen-based simulation in breast self-examination: An innovative approach in nursing students

BackgroundBreast self-examination is important in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The use of traditional education methods is insufficient for student nurses to gain breast self-examination skills in nurse education. New and different education methods are needed to gain skills in nurse education. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice and standard patient simulation in teaching breast self-examination skills in nursing undergraduate students. DesignThis study was a comparative intervention trial. SettingsThis study was conducted at a university in XX, in XXX in the first semesters of the academic years 2022–2023. MethodsThis study enlisted 103 students enrolled in first year in a nursing department. Students were randomized into artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice group (n = 52) and standard patient simulation group (n = 51). Data were collected using student description form, breast self-examination checklist, student satisfaction and self-confidence in learning scale, Spielberger's state and trait anxiety inventory. ResultsThe highest score regarding the total score means of breast self-examination skills belonged to the standard patient simulation group, and the differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although the mean score of anxiety levels of the students' artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice group was higher than the standard patient simulation (p < 0.05). The mean score of the students' satisfaction with the simulation was higher in artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice group than the standard patient simulation group (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe results of the research showed that the use of artificial intelligence-assisted simulation learning increased students' satisfaction, but at the same time students' anxiety increased. In addition, artificial intelligence-assisted simulation learning is not as effective as standard patient simulation learning in gaining breast self-examination skills.

Efforts to Increase Knowledge Through Health Education on Breast Self-Examination Skills in Women of Childbearing Age in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City in 2022

Data from the Bengkulu Provincial Health Office, Bengkulu Province is included in 10 provinces that have low coverage in clinical breast examination (SADANIS) and IVA examinations below 5%, Based on data from the Bengkulu City Health Office in 2020 of 62,160 WUS SADANIS examinations and IVA tests only 1967 person.The working area of ​​the Padang Serai Health Center, Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, is the highest area that has the highest incidence of suspicion and tumors or breast lumps in Bengkulu City. The working area of ​​the Padang Serai Health Center, Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, has 3 sub-districts, namely Sumber Jaya sub-district, Padang Serai sub-district and Teluk Sepang sub-district. The Padang Serai Health Center Working Area, Kampung Melayu District has 3,356 WUS, of which 331 people were examined.For suspicious data12 people had breast cancer and 13 people had tumors or breast lumps. The incidence of breast cancer is in Sumber Jaya Village.Adolescent reproductive health problems in Indonesia do not receive enough attention because knowledge about early detection and breast self-care skills have not been socialized properly. Because of that, there is a need for awareness and participation from various related agencies to be able to provide knowledge as early as possible about the importance of early detection of breast cancer and breast self-care skills. This can be done in real terms through counseling efforts. In this community service activity there will be socialization, counseling, mentoring and group formation using the peer group method at WUS in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District.

A Different Approach to Breast Self-Examination Training: Family Training

Background. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an effective, cost-free, early diagnosis method that enables women to take responsibility for their own health in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, which is the most common cause of death in women.&#x0D; The objective of the study was to determine the effect of BSE training given by female nursing students to their mothers and sisters on their BSE behavior and self-esteem.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. This study is of one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. It was carried out at the Faculty of Health Sciences of Erzincan University in Turkey between December 2019 and May 2020. The universe of the study consisted of 140 third- and fourth-year female students over the age of 18 enrolled in the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan University, Turkey. The total number of mothers and sisters in the study sample was 126. The data were collected in two stages, before and one month after family training. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software package was used for statistical data analysis. The percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Student’s t-test were used for statistical processing. The p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests.&#x0D; Results. The knowledge level of study participants about breast cancer and BSE was analyzed, and the source of their knowledge was assessed. Applying family training approach showed a significant increase in BSE knowledge level of participants one month after training. It was accompanied by increasing BSE skills and self-esteem levels (according to the mean values of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale).&#x0D; Conclusions. Training for family members is an effective method to increase women' s knowledge and skills in BSE. In addition, BSE training enabled female students and their families to participate in BSE practice.

Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors Based on Health Belief Model

Introduction: The incidence and mortality of breast cancer will be reduced by screening. Objective: The study aimed to determine breast cancer screening behaviors based on the health beliefs model in women living in Mashhad City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 406 women referring to five health-medical centers in Mashhad from July 2018 to May 2019. They were selected by the multistage sampling method. The study data were collected with a questionnaire based on health belief model constructs consisting of two parts. The first part collects sociodemographic information. The second part is based on constructs of the health belief model (perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived severity, cues to action, and self-efficacy). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (the Smirnov-Kolmogorov, the Pearson correlation, and the Spearman test). Results: The mean ±SD age of the participants was 33.5 ±10.3 years, and perceived severity and perceived susceptibility of breast cancer screening behaviors were low and very low in 36.4% and 8.1% of the women, respectively. Perceived barriers were high in 70% of women; cues to action and self-efficacy were low in 57.4% and 17.2%, respectively. There was a negative and significant relationship between perceived barriers and perceived benefits (P = 0.001, r = -0.160). Also, there were significant statistical relationships between preventive behavior with self-efficacy (P = 0.001, r = 0.896) and cues to action (P = 0.001, r = 0.269). However, the Pearson test showed a negative and significant relationship between age and self-efficacy (P =0.001, r = -0.231). Conclusion: The present study highlights the educational programs for preventing breast cancer screening behaviors based on the health belief model. These programs should focus on increasing breast self-examination skills and understanding the perceived benefits of breast cancer screening behaviors.

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DAN AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PARANGINAN

Breast cancer is a type of cancer in the breast tissue that is common in women. An effort to detect the possibility of breast cancer early is to do a Breast Self-Examination (BSE), no need to spend money, just enough to take a moment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of demonstration and audiovisual counseling on breast self-examination (BSE) skills in women of childbearing age. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with a two group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all women of childbearing age and the number of samples in this study was 66 people (33 people each with demonstration and audiovisual methods) who were taken by total sampling technique. Collecting data using observation sheets or checklists. This research test uses the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical test. The results showed that the Z value = -5.477 and p-value = 0.000 (p-value &lt;0.05), indicating that there was an effect of counseling demonstration methods on BSE skills and the Z value = -5,000 and p-value = 0.000, indicating that there was an effect of audiovisual counseling on BSE skills. It is hoped that women of childbearing age can improve their knowledge and skills in performing breast self-examination by seeking more information that is easy to understand, such as through videos and pictures to practice BSE at home and also to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women who are expected to have their breasts checked at least once a month.

PERAN PEER GROUP DALAM MELAKUKAN DETEKSI DINI MELALUI PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KANKER PAYUDARA PADA REMAJA

Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages by 2030 is the third Target of the SDGs. The target includes efforts to reduce the incidence of deaths from non-communicable diseases including breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer increases with age, but we can prevent this cancer and if it is detected early, we will get better treatment. Early detection through BSE which is carried out starting at the age of adolescence with increased vigilance and is believed to reduce the number of deaths due to breast cancer. The motivation of young women in doing BSE is different, through peer groups it is expected that there will be changes in health behavior in young women. The expected behavior is that young women are able to carry out early detection of breast cancer through breast self-examination. The general purpose of this study was to determine the role of peer groups in conducting early detection through breast self-examination (BSE) as an effort to prevent breast cancer. This research is a quasi experimental research with pre test and post test with control group design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Collecting data using a questionnaire through a google form and a checklist. The tools used to train peer groups are training modules. The data processing steps are editing, coding, and data entry. Analysis using the Paired Sample T-test with a significance result of 0.000 &lt; (α) 0.05. This shows that there is a significant difference between the average scores before and after being given health education about breast cancer. So it can be concluded that there is a significant increase in respondents' BSE skills after receiving peer education using video media and teaching aids. the influence of peer education on the practice skills of BSE in adolescent girls. Peer youth educators are considered to have more influence on BSE abilities than teachers. Active learning methods provided by peer educators can improve the ability of adolescent self-awareness.

Knowledge of breast cancer and self-diagnostic skills amongst women in the United Arab Emirates

Background: Globally, breast cancer remains one of the world's greatest public health problems and a leading cause of death. Breast malignancies are considered as the major sites for tumors diagnosed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and they pose a significant concern for the general public's well-being. Aim: To conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the knowledge of breast cancer and self-diagnostic skills amongst women in the UAE. Methodology: The study was conducted for 1 month, based on an online survey designed via Microsoft Forms. It composed of 20 closed multiple-choice questions, which helped to assess the participant's knowledge of breast cancer and self-diagnostic skills. A total of 584 female participants were included in the study, out of which 498 (85.3%) were Emirati while 86 (14.7%) were non-Emirati females. Results: Despite the government's effort in enhancing breast cancer awareness programs across the UAE, only 6% of the females had excellent knowledge about breast cancer, 35% good, 46% average and 13% demonstrated poor knowledge. While only 4% had excellent breast self-examination skills, 17% had good skills, 61% had average skills and 18% had poor skills. A more concerning point was the least concern that females had towards non-lump breast cancer symptoms. Results from the current study showed that UAE female residents have an average knowledge of breast cancer and poor breast cancer self-diagnostic skills. Conclusion: The UAE government must emphasize the importance of breast screening practices, which may positively enhance breast-screening responses and practices amongst women in the UAE.

Breast self-examination training video with the sign language for deaf women: An interventional study.

Breast self-examination is an important component for the early detection of breast cancer. The lack of knowledge of deaf women regarding breast examination and screenings may delay diagnosis of breast cancer. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of a video prepared with the sign language giving breast self-examination (BSE) skills to deaf women. This study used a quantitative, quasi-experimental, comparison group research design. Participants were recruited from the Izmir Association for the Protection and Development of the Deaf, Izmir, Turkey. The research was conducted between March 2018 and March 2019. BSE training video was prepared by the researchers. One group (n = 30) watched a BSE training video with sign language. The other group (n = 30) watched a BSE training video without sign language. After the training video, the BSE Skill Assessment of all women were assessed on a female torso mannequin model using BSE Skill Assessment Form. The BSE skills of the women who watched the training video with sign language were significantly different from those who watched the training video without sign language (p < 0.05). The training video with the sign language prepared by the researchers can significantly improve the BSE skills of deaf women.

Türkiye’de ebe ve hemşirelerin kendi kendine meme muayenesi ile ilgili yaptığı lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesi

Amaç: Ebe ve hemşirelerin Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi (KKMM) ile ilgili yaptıkları lisansüstü tezlerin özelliklerini belirlemek ve gelişmeleri ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma retrospektif tipte literatüre dayalı tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK) Tez Tarama veri tabanı 25 Aralık 2019-25 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında “kendi kendine meme muayenesi” anahtar kelimesi kullanılarak tarandı. Çalışmaya 1985-2019 yılları arasında hazırlanan 20 tez dahil edildi.Bulgular: Tezlerin tamamına yakınının (%90) yüksek lisans tezi olduğu, %15’inin 2019 yılında hazırlandığı, %30’unun Cerrahi Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı’nda yürütüldüğü belirlendi. Tanımlayıcı tipte hazırlanan tezlerin fazla olduğu (%60) ve araştırmalarda veri toplama aracı olarak anket ve ölçeklerin kullanıldığı görüldü.Sonuç: Çalışmanın uygulandığı örneklem grubu kim olursa olsun, KKMM ile ilgili bilgi, tutum eksikliği ve aynı zamanda KKMM’yi uygulamaya devam etmede sıkıntı tespit edilmiştir. KKMM farkındalığı ve becerisi kazandıran lisansüstü tezlerin sayılarının arttırılması önerilmektedir.

Навчання самообстеженню молочних залоз в рамках реалізації міжнародного проєкту RITA – «Зміни в регіоні» для академічної спільноти закладів вищої освіти та факультетів фізичного виховання та спорту

Regular breast self-examination is one of the most cost-effective methods for the early preclinical detection of breast cancer in women. Despite this fact, the practice of breast self-examination in Ukraine remains low and requires development and improvement. The purpose of the study was the development of the structure and content of the breast self-examination program for the academic community of Ukraine within the framework of the international project RITA – "Changes in the region". Material and methods. To solve the set goal of the study, the methods of the theoretical level of research were used: analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the problem of self-examination of the mammary glands in women. Results and discussion. The project aims to transfer the Polish experience in the early diagnosis of breast cancer among women through self-examination. Early detection of cancer significantly increases a woman's chances of successful treatment. Awareness of breast cancer risk factors and the acquisition of breast self-examination skills among teachers will provide a chance for early detection of breast cancer, reducing treatment costs and mortality from the disease. The acquisition of special knowledge by teachers on self-examination will allow disseminating useful information among female students of different courses and involving them in promoting early detection of breast cancer among the general female population. Breast cancer self-diagnosis training for 450 teachers and 500 university students from 5 regions of Ukraine, as well as the "Academic days of fighting breast cancer" will help popularize the problem of self-diagnosis among women. The project will raise women's awareness of breast cancer, create a culture of disease prevention through self-observation and self-examination, and remove existing cultural barriers to the acceptance of their body, as well as fear of pain during screening. Conclusion. Conducting educational lectures and practical exercises on the formation of breast self-examination skills within the framework of the international project RITA will contribute to raising women's awareness of breast cancer and the formation of a respectful attitude to their own health

Knowledge of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Practices of Breast Self-Examination among Women in Northern Ghana

Introduction: Breast cancer remains a major global health concern in both developed and developing countries. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge of risk factors of breast cancer (BC), and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among females in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 1122 participants; consisting of nurses 157 (14.1%), teachers 227 (20.2%), undergraduate university students 339 (30.5%), medical students 95 (8.5%) and market women 304 (27.3%). Using a convenience sampling method to select the participants, we distributed questionnaires to participants which were completed and returned. Results: Most of the participants, 498 (44.4%) were between age 19-25. The majority were enlightened about BC (93.1%), and BSE (87.6%), 723 (64%) had good knowledge about the risk factors of BC. A total of 857 (76.4%) had previously been taught BSE. However, only 417 (37.2%) were found to practice BSE regularly. Conclusion: The knowledge of BC risk factors and BSE was remarkable, but varied in the various occupational categories. However, only a few participants practiced BSE regularly. There is a need for widespread educational campaigns to educate further and encourage women to practice BSE regularly. The inclusion of men in these crusades is long overdue. Equipped with the knowledge and skills of BSE, men could assist and encourage their spouses to frequently examine themselves. Further research studies will be necessary to ascertain the role of men in championing BSE among their significant others.&#x0D; Keywords: awareness; breast cancer; breast self-examination; knowledge; practice; Ghana; Tamale

Effects of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Health Beliefs and Breast Self-Examination in Nursing Students

Objective:This study was carried out to investigate the effect of an education program based on the health belief model (HBM) on nursing students’ health beliefs and on their practices of breast self-examination (BSE).Methods:This research was a semi-experimental intervention study with a single group, pretest and posttest design. The sample of the research consisted of 48 students in the 3rd year of study. Data were collected before the education program and 6 months and 1 year after the training. A sociodemographic information form, the breast cancer knowledge form, the HBM scale, and the BSE proficiency rating instrument were used. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine the relationships among the variables.Results:Implementing the educational program was found to be statistically insignificant for the HBM. Knowledge about breast cancer and BSE skills increased after the training. The percentage of students practicing regular BSE was determined as 14.6% before training, 45.8% after 6 months, and 28.1% after 1 year.Conclusions:The education provided to the students increased their HBM scores, knowledge about breast cancer, and BSE skills. However, the frequency of regular BSE was still quite low after training.

Breast self-examination among nurses in Poland and their reparation in this regard.

Working at night and in shifts, as well as an unhealthy lifestyle, may increase the risk of breast cancer in nurses who therefore should frequently perform breast self-examination (BSE). The aim of the study was to investigate the performance of BSE among Polish nurses, its accuracy, sources of knowledge and skills, self-assessment of own competences and preparation to educate women about BSE. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of female nurses (N=1,242). An anonymous, self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection. To properly assess the BSE a four-item scale was made of the type single best answer multiple choice question. Each item referred to one agreed principle of performing BSE. Regularly BSE was performed by 56.1% nurses, 67.3% pre-menopause nurses 2-3 days after cessation of menstruation and 30.4% post-menopause women on a chosen day of the month. About 98% examined visually and by palpation; 58.9% did so in two positions. In the accuracy scale of BSE, the average number of points was 2.8 out of 4. All (4 points) or almost all (3 points) recommendations of accurate BSE were met by 61.4% of the nurses. Self-assessment of knowledge and BSE practical skills were considered as good or very good by 93.5% and 88.8% nurses, respectively. The self-evaluation of nurses' knowledge and BSE skills was significantly correlated with the result on the accuracy scale or this BSE. Many deficiencies concerning frequency, times and BSE techniques were revealed among Polish nurses. There is a discrepancy between the high self-assessment of competences and the accurate practice of BSE. Nurses' preparation in Poland in BSE is insufficient and requires improvement.

PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN SADARI PADA IBU USIA REPRODUKSI DI LEBAK BANDUNG TAHUN 2017

Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the breast tissue. breast cancer malignancy in Indonesia. One of the ways to reduce the possibility of developing breast cancer is by stitching the breast self examination (BSE). The role of biadan can provide counseling and counseling to the public about BSE health.The community service was carried out aimed at increasing the knowledge and skills of BSE in reproductive age mothers in Bandung. This service was carried out on June 8, 2017. The community service implementation team was carried out by STIKBA lecturers about self breast examination (BSE). Dilebak bandung.

Evaluation of Health Belief Model-Based Intervention on Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors among Health Volunteers.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death among women. Regarding the lack of knowledge about the cause of breast cancer and considering the fact that all women are prone to this disease, training on methods of early diagnosis to reduce its complications is of great importance. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the health belief model on breast cancer screening behaviors in health volunteers of health centers in Isfahan. In this experimental study, 480 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: the case (n = 240) and control (n = 240). The training program was designed according to health belief model structures. Before the training interventional program, the Champion standard questionnaire and functional checklist were completed for both groups. A standard questionnaire was completed during three stages (before, immediately after, and 2 months after the training). The experimental group received the educational intervention during eight sessions, and the collected data was eventually analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 16 with relevant statistical tests. Participation of all individuals in the present research was voluntary and with informed consent. The results showed that mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention related to breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography in the intervention group significantly increased compared with those of the control group immediately after and 2 months after educational intervention. There was a significant difference between groups in BSE skill 2 months after the intervention, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in BSE behavior and mammography 2 months after the intervention. The results confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the health belief model on improving factors affecting breast cancer screening behaviors.