Breast Self-examination Program Research Articles

Factors Related to Self-Breast Examination in Fertile Women in the Work Area of Cimahi Tengah Public Health Center Indonesia

Breast cancer is a major problem for women’s health in the world, especially in developing countries that have limited resources such as in Indonesia. The reason is because of the lack of an effective screening program to detect conditions before cancer or cancer at an early stage including treatment before further invasive processes. Early detection of breast cancer needs to be done to reduce mortality. Breast selfexamination (BSE) can find breast cancer up to 75-85% if done routinely. Willingness to do breast self-examination (BSE) is one form of behavior that is influenced by many factors including predisposing factors, supporting factors and reinforcing factors. The research aimed to determine factors associated with breast self-examination (BSE) in Fertile Age Women in the Cimahi Middle Health Center Working Area 2017. This study was conducted using quantitative method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were Fertile Age Women in the working area of the central Cimahi Community Health Center with a sample of 120 people using random sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through direct interviews using a questionnaire. The results of the study concluded that of the 120 respondents, the majority of respondents (74.2%) did breast self-examination (BSE). Predisposing factors related to BSE are Menarch (Pvalue 0,000), history of breast cancer (Pvalue 0.002), parity (Pvalue 0.001) and knowledge (Pvalue 0.001). The enabling factors related to BSE are information sources (Pvalue 0.006), the availability of information media (Pvalue 0.012), and the availability of facilities that support the BSE (Pvalue 0,000). The reinforcing factors associated with BSE are friend support (Pvalue 0,000), husband / family support (Pvalue 0,000), and support of health workers (Pvalue 0,000). Fertile Age Women mostly do breast self-examination (BSE). The most related predisposing factor is Menarch, enabling factor is the availability of facilities, while the most related reinforcing factor is husband / family support. It is expected that health workers can improve their skills in early detection of breast cancer through the BSE program so that the discovery of breast cancer cases can be found as early as possible and the provision of information using the media so that the public will be exposed to information easily through the information conveyed.
 
 
 Keywords: breast cancer, early detection, breast self-examination, Fertile Age Women, behavior

Навчання самообстеженню молочних залоз в рамках реалізації міжнародного проєкту RITA – «Зміни в регіоні» для академічної спільноти закладів вищої освіти та факультетів фізичного виховання та спорту

Regular breast self-examination is one of the most cost-effective methods for the early preclinical detection of breast cancer in women. Despite this fact, the practice of breast self-examination in Ukraine remains low and requires development and improvement. The purpose of the study was the development of the structure and content of the breast self-examination program for the academic community of Ukraine within the framework of the international project RITA – "Changes in the region". Material and methods. To solve the set goal of the study, the methods of the theoretical level of research were used: analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the problem of self-examination of the mammary glands in women. Results and discussion. The project aims to transfer the Polish experience in the early diagnosis of breast cancer among women through self-examination. Early detection of cancer significantly increases a woman's chances of successful treatment. Awareness of breast cancer risk factors and the acquisition of breast self-examination skills among teachers will provide a chance for early detection of breast cancer, reducing treatment costs and mortality from the disease. The acquisition of special knowledge by teachers on self-examination will allow disseminating useful information among female students of different courses and involving them in promoting early detection of breast cancer among the general female population. Breast cancer self-diagnosis training for 450 teachers and 500 university students from 5 regions of Ukraine, as well as the "Academic days of fighting breast cancer" will help popularize the problem of self-diagnosis among women. The project will raise women's awareness of breast cancer, create a culture of disease prevention through self-observation and self-examination, and remove existing cultural barriers to the acceptance of their body, as well as fear of pain during screening. Conclusion. Conducting educational lectures and practical exercises on the formation of breast self-examination skills within the framework of the international project RITA will contribute to raising women's awareness of breast cancer and the formation of a respectful attitude to their own health

Impact of regular Breast Self-Examination on breast cancer size, stage, and mortality in Thailand.

Impact of regular Breast Self-Examination on breast cancer size, stage, and mortality in Thailand.

여성 수도자의 유방자가검진 교육 경험에 대한 융합적 연구

본 연구의 목적은 문제 기반 학습(PBL) 및 실습을 융합하여 유방 자가 검진 교육 후 여성수도자들의 경험을 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 연구방법을 이용하여 면담, 확인하고 유방 자가 검진 교육을 문제 기반 학습과 실습을 융합하여 새로운 발전적 방향을 모색하고자 하는데 있다. 여성수도자들은 주 1회, 2시간, 4주간 문제 기반 학습 유방 자가 검진 교육을 받고 3개월 간 유방 자가 검진 실천율을 확인하는 프로그램에 참여한 후 '유방암에 대한 인식', '유방 자가 검진 교육에 대한 인식', '유방 자가 검진 교육 경험', '유방 자가 검진을 위한 문제 기반 학습 및 실습 융합 교육경험'과 '교육 후 변화'의 범주가 도출되었다. 대상자들은 교육 후 지식이 증가하고 새로운 실기능력을 습득한 것에 대체적으로 만족하였으나 규칙적으로 수행하지 못하는 개인적, 환경적 요인을 타나냈다. 또한 교육 전 일관되지 않은 인식과 막연하게 안심하고 있던 태도에서 교육 후 오히려 불안감이 증가되어 관심을 더 가지게 되었음을 나타내 유방암과 유방 자가 검진에 대한 동기가 증가된 것으로 판단되어 긍정적 효과로 파악되었다. 추후 수도자의 요구에 맞는 융합적 유방 자가 검진 교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find a constructive way of the Breast Self-Examination teaching methods, identify experience who religious women participated in breast self-examination. Method : This study is a qualitative study using focus group interview method. Women religious took Breast Self-Examination program based on Problem Based Learning procedure. Results : Major Four Themes were derived. 'Breast cancer awareness', 'Breast Self Examination awareness', 'Convergence of PBL and practice on BSE experience', 'Change after convergent BSE education'. Conclusion : Women religious who have risk factors for breast cancer, want to improve the irregularities and to raising skills of BSE for self healthcare ability through convergent BSE education program for women religious.

The Effects of Breast Self-examination Program Enriched Environmentally among Healthy Women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an environmental enrichment program on barrier, benefit, confidence, and compliance of breast self-examination in women at 3 months after instruction. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 62 healthy women. Data were collected through the self-reported questionnaires from December 2008 to March 2009. Women were assigned to one of two treatment groups: (a) no-support of environmental enrichment with the instruction control group; (b) the support of environmental enrichment with the instruction experimental group. All women received the same instruction on breast self-examination once a week for two weeks. Data were analyzed with paired t-test, McNemar test and ANCOVAs of controlling for age run using SPSS/WIN 17.0. The experimental group was significantly lower than control group on perceived barrier (F=5.91, p=.02) and higher than control group on compliance of breast self-examination (F=4.57, p=.04) after environmental enrichment program. However the environmental enrichment program did not make significant differences on benefit (F=0.01, p=.91) and confidence (F=0.77, p=.38). Findings suggest that the environmental enrichment should be needed to support women's breast self-examination and expanded for compliance of breast self-examination to promote the secondary prevention of women breast cancer.

Knowledge and Intentions of Ninth‐Grade Girls After a Breast Self‐Examination Program

Breast cancer ranks as the second-leading cause of death for women. Until recently the American Cancer Society advocated teaching breast self-examination (BSE) procedures. The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, active in the fight against breast cancer, continues to support educational efforts to teach breast self-examination skills to adolescent girls. Funded by the Komen Foundation, a BSE education program was developed and delivered by health educators at the Hult Health Education Center. The 50-minute program consisted of a PowerPoint slide presentation of breast cancer and BSE facts, and a video demonstration of proper BSE technique. Using a quasi-experimental design, the program was evaluated for changes in knowledge and intention to perform BSE. Ninth-grade girls at four public high schools (n = 255) in Peoria, Ill., were given a pretest to determine their knowledge about breast cancer and breast self-examination. A delayed posttest was administered between five to six weeks later (n = 211). Using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, girls who participated in the BSE education program (treatment group) recorded a significantly higher overall mean knowledge score than girls who did not participate (comparison group). Those who participated in the program retained that knowledge over a five- to six-week period. Analyses of variance revealed that more girls in the treatment group reported performing BSE in the past month as well as a higher intention to perform BSE in the future.

Development of a breast self-examination program for the Internet: health information for Korean women.

Internet-based health information will enable us to interact with many people despite distance and time constraints. Informational media by computer is expected to become an important factor that affects health behavior. This study was done to develop an accessible multimedia program about breast self-examination on the Internet. This study was designed by using the two steps of need assessment and program development. For the need assessment step, a survey was carried out. The sample consisted of the 82 women of Yonsei University selected by convenient random sampling. At the program development step, screen design took into account perspectives of computer engineering. A storyboard for every screen was made via screen design and then ported to computer using the Netscape Navigator program. A breast self-examination program was developed using Netscape 4.0 on the Windows 98 platform. The multimedia program, including text, graphics, animation, and sound, was constructed with HTML language using Memo Sheet in Netscape Navigator. The contents of health information posted on the Internet included general information about breast cancer, the importance of breast self-examination, self-risk appraisal of breast cancer, the diverse methods about breast self-examination, the monthly check list graph, and social network for consultation. It is possible to interact with clients through the Question and Answer function on screen. This Internet-based health information program provides enough information, which can be accessed using search systems on the Internet.

A peer education model for teaching breast self-examination to undergraduate college women.

The incidence of breast cancer in women continues to rise, and there is no known cause or prevention. Additionally, > 70% of all diagnosed breast cancer has no known risk factor involved. Early detection is mandatory for survival from this disease, but only three imperfect methods are available: mammography, clinical examination, and breast self-examination (BSE). One-third of all breast cancer cases occur in women under the age of 50 years, and this is a period when mammography is ineffective and clinical examination is infrequent. Consequently, BSE is highly significant for this age group. However, women do not perform BSE on a consistent monthly basis. The significant developmental characteristic of late adolescence and young adulthood is the formation of a personal identity. This age group is also heavily influenced by their peers. Therefore, a BSE program that incorporates peer education and elements essential to positive identity formation may be an effective means to establishing BSE as a normal health routine in young women.

A breast self-examination program for adolescent special education students

1Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 2Staff Nurse, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans, Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, Texas

Who volunteers for a breast self-examination program? Evaluating the bases for self-selection.

Interest in a free breast self-examination (BSE) teaching program offered to a patient population (n = 1590) was assessed, and a follow-up survey of refusers undertaken to determine difference between participants and refusers. Fifty-one percent of the known, eligible women patients expressed interest in the program and 24% ultimately had the teaching. Participants differed from refusers most notably in terms of less previous experience with BSE, more family history of cancer, a longer relationship with their physicians, and different health beliefs. They state more confidence in the effectiveness of breast cancer detection and treatment, less fear and embarrassment, and more personal and physician responsibility for health outcomes, as measured by the Health Locus of Control Scales. Self-selection thus seems rationally based on the kind of program and the needs of the women. Such self-selection can be cost-effective in delivering health education to the people most in need of it and most likely to benefit from it.

A breast self-examination program in an occupational health setting.

A breast self-examination program in an occupational health setting.

Practical application of a breast self-examination program in the industrial setting.

Practical application of a breast self-examination program in the industrial setting.

A breast self-examination program for high school students.

Breast self-examination (BSE) is an important adjunct to the detection of breast cancer at an early stage. High school students were instructed in the importance and methods of BSE. By use of questionnaires, the program was evaluated for interest, acceptability, and compliance. It was found that high school students were not adverse to learning about BSE, found the program acceptable, and maintained some compliance at one year.

Mass screening techniques for cancer of the cervix.

ABSTRACT Carcinoma of the cervix is the second most common form of cancer in women in the United States. From the standpoint of public health cancer control, it is recognized that, if carcinoma in situ could be detected in as many women as possible, the development of frank cancer would, in all probability, be prevented. In addition, if cancer were detected while still confined to the cervix, the cure rate would be markedly improved. If we are to attain the objective of early diagnosis and effective therapy, screening techniques for cancer control must be developed that can be applied to large groups of the population.1With these views in mind, and in an effort to parallel the breast self-examination program, methods of obtaining vaginal secretions by the patient herself were developed. Such methods comply with Erickson's2 criteria and can be performed with a minimum expenditure of professional time. It