Teaching Breast Self-examination Research Articles

IJCM_68A: Awareness and Practices towards Breast Self-Examination (BSE) for early detection of breast cancer among college-going students in Coastal Karnataka

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers among women especially in developing countries and is amenable to complete cure if detected early. BSE is one of the screening techniques for early detection of breast lumps and early detection of breast cancer. This study was done to study the awareness, attitudes, and practices towards BSE among the study participants. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 656 female students in pre-university and non-health degree colleges of Mangalore, belonging to the Science and Commerce streams selected using cluster random sampling. Data collection was done using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results were expressed using tables and figures. The chi-square test was used for comparison across the groups, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 656 subjects,90%(n=570) belonged to age group of 18-20 years and 44.8%(n=287) were from science stream. Overall,41%(n=268) students were aware about the practice of BSE and a statistically significant association was seen with their stream. Also, 12%(n=78) performed BSE and out of them 69% (n=54) performed it at an ideal frequency. Among the students with a positive family history of breast cancer (4.5%), 92.3% felt the need for BSE education as compared to others. Conclusion: High number of young females (59.14%) did not have knowledge and those who performed BSE, followed incorrect techniques (94.7%). Most of them had a favourable attitude towards learning more about BSE.

Strengthening breast cancer screening program through health education of women and capacity building of primary healthcare providers.

Globally and in India, breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy. India saw 178,361 new cases and 90,000 deaths in 2020. Timely detection is vital, highlighting the importance of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), especially in low-income settings. Strengthening BSE in awareness and screening efforts is urgent. Despite awareness, practical application lags due to women's reluctance. Effective execution demands partnerships, a multi-sectoral strategy, and training grassroots workers. To address these challenges, the present study aims to strengthen the breast cancer screening program using BSE strategy and adopting a referral mechanism for the diagnosis and treatment of suspect cases. A community-based study occurred in specific districts of Rajasthan (2017-2022), enhancing breast cancer screening for women aged 30-65. It involved healthcare providers and local women, utilizing tools like the MT-DM-GP6620 Breast Inspection Model, educational booklets, and semi-structured schedules. The strategy encompassed knowledge assessment, capacity building for healthcare providers, BSE training, increasing women's breast cancer awareness, suspect case referrals, and phone-based follow-up. Our study encompassed 157,225 women aged 30-65 in Jodhpur, Jalore, and Pali districts. Initial breast self-examination (BSE) awareness was below 1%. BSE training reached 218,978 women using booklets and demonstrations, with 72% aged 30-65 and the rest 15-30. Follow-ups reinforced BSE, leading to 745 identified suspect breast cancer cases, mostly due to painless lumps (332 cases). Capacity-building workshops involving 824 medical and paramedical staff strengthened early breast cancer detection in Jodhpur and Jalore, in collaboration with the district health department. The study model's success suggests its applicability in other Rajasthan districts, Indian states, and global breast cancer prevention programs. While positive outcomes were evident, challenges related to culture, cost, and benefits warrant consideration. The approach prioritized early detection through community engagement, reducing patient and government burdens. Community involvement and healthcare engagement were pivotal, with breast self-examination proving effective for enhancing awareness and early detection. Promoting BSE education can significantly enhance breast cancer awareness and early detection.

Explore the Performance and Attitude of Newly Registered Nurses Regarding Breast Cancer Screening in Al-Jouf Hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Quantitative Study

Context: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, but survival rates are still poor in poorer nations. Early diagnosis and screening are key tactics for early detection. Still, the timeframes for screening may not apply to nations like Saudi Arabia, where awareness is low and patients arrive with metastatic breast cancer.
 Aim: To evaluate the performance and attitudes regarding breast cancer screening among newly registered nurses at different hospitals in AlـJouf, Saudi Arabia. 
 Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design on a convenient sample of 169 newly registered nurses working at Medical-Surgical Departments at Al-Jouf Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A structured interview questionnaire collects data regarding nurses' performance and attitudes toward breast cancer screening.
 Results: The participants' total knowledge of breast cancer reveals that 62.1% of the nurses had a fair knowledge level. The participants’ attitude shows a negative attitude towards breast cancer screening and self-examination among 76.92% of nurses. On the one hand, the newly registered nurses' performance of breast self-examination reveals that 84.7% answered incorrectly about the correct frequency of breast self-examination, 83.9% answered incorrectly about the best time for breast self-examination, and 82.2% answered they had not taught breast self-examination. On the other hand, 87.7% correctly answered the practice of breast self-examination, and 85.8% correctly identified the benefits of breast self-examination. The study also reveals a statistically significant positive correlation between participants' knowledge and attitude toward breast cancer screening and self-examination (p=0.028). Years of experience (p=0.003) and working hospital (p=0.027) were identified as statistically significantly positively correlated with nurses' attitudes toward breast cancer screening and breast self-examination.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that the highest percentage of the newly registered nurses exhibit fair knowledge and negative attitudes towards breast cancer, breast cancer screening, and breast self-examination. Also, more than three-quarters of the studied nurses answered incorrect questions about the frequency and timing of breast self-examination. The study's result emphasizes the necessity of providing newly registered nurses with further training and education regarding breast cancer screening. It is crucial to raise their understanding of the risk factors, symptoms, and suitable screening techniques for breast cancer, such as mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self-examination (BSE). Assisting in the early detection of breast cancer will enable patients to have a better prognosis and survival rate.

Perceptions of Young Women about Breast Self-Examination

Breast cancer is a relatively large health problem in Indonesia and other countries. The majority of sufferers are young, including adolescents. To overcome this, public health efforts are needed, namely through clinical and individual examinations. Breast self-examination (BSE) aims to find out if there are lumps in a woman's breasts. This qualitative descriptive research aims to explore the perceptions of adolescent girls about BSE. The research results obtained from seven participants obtained three themes, namely 1) digital media as the main source of BSE information, 2) adolescents' understanding of BSE and 3) the readiness and need for BSE education in adolescents. A good view of adolescent girls towards breast cancer is one of the factors that motivates them regarding efforts to detect early breast cancer (BSE). There is a need for more effective sexual health education, especially among adolescents who are more familiar with digital social media and demonstration methods. This research is expected to be the basis of information and evaluation material for readers regarding the optimization of breast health education strategies for adolescents.

Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Adolescent Women at The Tapak Sunan Balekambang Condet Islamic Boarding School, Jakarta

Background: The existence of Higher Education has three main tasks, namely carrying out education and teaching, research, and community service. These three things constitute the Tridharma of Higher Education. In Indonesia, breast cancer is the second most common cancer suffered by women after oral/cervical cancer. Breast cancer generally attacks women who are over 40 years old. However, young women can get this cancer. To find early symptoms of breast cancer can be detected early by women themselves. Women can routinely perform the Breast Self-Examination (BSE) method by massaging and feeling around their breasts to find out whether or not there are lumps around the breasts. BSE is an effective way to detect breast cancer as early as possible.
 Objective: Carry out community service by conducting activities to teach breast self-examination (BSE) to young women.
 Method: This community service activity consists of counseling related to information on early detection of breast cancer and followed by a demonstration of breast self-examination (BSE) using the Breast Phantom tool.
 Result: Counseling and early detection of breast cancer was attended by 45 students of Madrasah Aliyah. Most students do not know about early detection of breast cancer and how to check BSE. After being given information about BSE, adolescents felt satisfied and committed to be able to carry out early detection of breast cancer.
 Conclusion: Community service activities have been carried out regarding information on early detection of breast cancer in young women.

Edukasi Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri Berpengaruh terhadap Keterampilan Sadari Remaja Putri Usia 13-15 Tahun

The cause of high early death rates for women is caused by breast cancer, and is in second place in the world with new cases of 1.67. million. Early detection of signs and symptoms of breast cancer can be done independently by doing breast self-examination (BSE). Education about BSE is an alternative way to improve breast cancer prevention skills. This study aims to determine the effect of providing BSE education on BSE skills in young women aged 13-15 years (In Gesikan Pakel Village, Tulungagung 2022). The research design is a one group pre post test design with a quantitative approach. The population is all young women aged 13-15 years as many as 92 people with a purposive sampling technique obtained a sample of 35 respondents. The independent variable is breast self-examination education and the dependent variable is BSE skills. Data collection uses a BSE skills questionnaire sheet, then the data is processed through coding, scoring and tabulating. Statistical test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that there was an increase in the skills of the respondents, namely before the treatment there were 20 respondents (57.1%) who had initial category skills, and after the treatment there were 18 respondents (51.4%) who had advanced category skills. The p value obtained is 0.000 and α is 0.05 which means the p value <α means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It was concluded that there was an effect of providing BSE education on BSE skills in young women aged 13-15 years in Gesikan Village. The success of providing education through demonstrations to school-age adolescents is able to increase concentration and skills in performing breast examinations. Thus the methods and techniques of BSE education can be improved for the success of BSE.

Effectiveness of Health Promotion Videos in Preventing Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Out of a total of all types of cancer (348,809 cases), breast cancer contributed 58,256 (16.7%). Lack of information, knowledge, and awareness about breast cancer often results in adolescents not taking the initiative to engage in early detection, which is the first step in preventing breast cancer. The objective of this study is to determine the educational effectiveness of breast self-examination (BSE) using leaflets and audio-visual media on the knowledge and attitudes of female students at SMA Negeri 1 Bukateja.Method: A quasi-experimental research design was employed, utilizing consecutive sampling. The study included two research groups with a total of 64 participants. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test.Results: The effectiveness of audio-visual media and leaflets in increasing knowledge and attitudes of female students about BSE was found to be statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that both leaflets and audio-visual media have a similar effectiveness in improving adolescent attitudes towards BSE. Future researchers should consider utilizing alternative media, such as WhatsApp, for BSE education, as previous studies have shown it to be more effective than leaflets in enhancing knowledge and attitudes among young women regarding early detection of breast cancer.

Utilisation and Predictors of Breast Self-Examination among Female Nurses in a Tertiary Medical Centre in North Central Nigeria

The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in many underdeveloped nations and constituted a major public health burden. Despite this, most breast cancer patients in many underdeveloped nations present with late diseases when few options of treatment are available. Early detection through screening remains the main means of improving breast cancer outcomes. Nurses are a group of healthcare professionals and are thus expected to advocate for breast cancer screening programs. This study was conducted to determine the extent of utilisation and predictors of the practice of breast self-examination among nurses in a tertiary health care centre. The study prospectively surveyed 189 nurses on knowledge and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were obtained through a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 41.44 (±5.66) years. Sixty-seven (35.4%) of the respondents practiced BSE of which only 31.3% practiced it monthly as recommended. Family history of breast cancer (p<0.001), age greater than 50 (p<0.001), post-menopausal women (p<0.001), and posting in surgical-related wards (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the practice of BSE. The practice of BSE among the respondents was poor and the few who practiced it lacked the correct technique. The teaching of BSE should be encouraged at nursing schools with an emphasis on practice and techniques. We also suggest a need for continued nursing education. Keywords: Breast self-examination, utilisation, predictors, nurses, breast cancer, screening.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence assisted interactive screen-based simulation in breast self-examination: An innovative approach in nursing students

BackgroundBreast self-examination is important in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The use of traditional education methods is insufficient for student nurses to gain breast self-examination skills in nurse education. New and different education methods are needed to gain skills in nurse education. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice and standard patient simulation in teaching breast self-examination skills in nursing undergraduate students. DesignThis study was a comparative intervention trial. SettingsThis study was conducted at a university in XX, in XXX in the first semesters of the academic years 2022–2023. MethodsThis study enlisted 103 students enrolled in first year in a nursing department. Students were randomized into artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice group (n = 52) and standard patient simulation group (n = 51). Data were collected using student description form, breast self-examination checklist, student satisfaction and self-confidence in learning scale, Spielberger's state and trait anxiety inventory. ResultsThe highest score regarding the total score means of breast self-examination skills belonged to the standard patient simulation group, and the differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although the mean score of anxiety levels of the students' artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice group was higher than the standard patient simulation (p < 0.05). The mean score of the students' satisfaction with the simulation was higher in artificial intelligence-assisted screen-based simulations practice group than the standard patient simulation group (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThe results of the research showed that the use of artificial intelligence-assisted simulation learning increased students' satisfaction, but at the same time students' anxiety increased. In addition, artificial intelligence-assisted simulation learning is not as effective as standard patient simulation learning in gaining breast self-examination skills.

Faktor Keterlambatan Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Yang Berobat Di Rsucm Aceh Utara Tahun 2020 - 2021

cancer is a malignant tumor that begins in the cells in the breast derived from normal cells in the breast can come from the mammary glands, milk ducts, or supporting tissues such as fat. Delay in cancer management can be caused by several things, namely patient delay, doctor or medical personnel's ignorance (doctor delay) and pre-hospital delay (pre-hospital delay). Hospital delay is also a cause of delay in treatment in breast cancer patients, namely the time from the patient's arrival to the point of care until the start of the prescribed medical therapy guidelines. From some of these causes, it can also be grouped the factors that cause cancer delay in the form of predisposing factors, precipitation factors and supporting factors. The purpose of this study was to determine how the factors of delay in breast cancer treatment were treated at the Cut Meutia General Hospital, Aceh Utara. This type of research is descriptive analytic with a retrospective approach. The population in this study were inpatients and outpatients for breast cancer totaling 85 respondents using the Lemeshow formula. The results of the study showed that the value of knowledge was 37 people (43.5%), there was fear as many as 56 people (65.9%), low socioeconomic conditions as many as 40 people (47.1%), affordable health facilities were 64 people (75.3%), had insurance. As many as 77 people (90.6%), had visited alternative medicine as many as 49 people (57.6%) and had family support as many as 65 people (76.5%). The conclusion of this research is the importance of BSE (Breast Self-Examination) education to the public.

Phone-Based Breasts Self-Examination as an Intervention in Breast Cancer Control During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ImportanceExploring methods to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on routine cancer screening activities among women.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of telephone-based outreach as a substitute for physical screening for breast among screened women, during COVID-19 lockdown.Design/Setting/SubjectsAsymptomatic women aged 30–59 years were screened for breast and cervix cancers in the Chennai region, between January 2017 and March 2020 and are due for screening follow-up. A database from the population-based cancer screening program organized by the Cancer Institute during the above period was used for the study. Outcome data were obtained through the period from October 2020 to March 2021.InterventionPhone-based breast self-examination awareness, inquiry about breast cancer symptoms, and guiding clinical management.Outcome MeasureCompliance to BSE protocol after 8–16 weeks, presence of significant symptoms, and incidence of early breast cancer.ResultsAmong 12,242 screened women, 6716 (56.8%) responded to a phone-based BSE intervention and 53 women had breast-related symptoms. Thirty-two (60.4%) women reported for further evaluation, and five invasive breast cancers were identified.Conclusion and RelevanceIn a low-resource setting where there are no existent screening programs, simple interventions like teaching breast self-examination of women through tele-counseling can result in early detection of breast cancers.

Factors Influencing the Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female Tertiary Students in Ho, Ghana

Background. Despite the implementation of various interventions towards the reduction of breast cancer prevalence, many women still report late symptoms to health facilities, and this decreases their chances of survival. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most convenient form of examination to detect the development of breast cancer. We examined the factors that influence the practice of breast self-examination among female tertiary students in Ho, Volta Region of Ghana. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 506 female students from four tertiary institutions in the Ho Municipality in Ghana using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, percentage, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used in analyzing the data. Results. About 73% of the respondents had ever practised BSE. Out of the respondents who have ever practiced BSE, 79% were practising it at the time of the study. Students in their fourth year were above 4 times more likely (95% CI = 1.73–9.29, p = 0.014 ) to practise BSE than those in their first year. Also, students with good knowledge of BSE were 4 times more likely to practice BSE [(95% CI = 1.1–13.46), p = 0.036 ] and students with good perception about BSE were 12 times more likely to practice BSE [(95% CI = 1.21–122.73), p = 0.034 ]. Conclusion. The study found that 27% of the female students had never practised BSE. Those who practice BSE did not practice regularly and appropriately. Also, good knowledge and perception are associated with the practice of BSE. The implication of this result is the late presentation of breast cancer cases to health facilities and increases in breast cancer-related deaths in the country. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health, the Ghana Health Service, and other stakeholders in Ghana’s healthcare should develop and implement innovative approaches and policies such as peer and support groups’ learning, and mass media BSE awareness aimed at ensuring better understanding and access to BSE education. This should be intensified during the foundation years such as the secondary and tertiary education levels to ensure the adoption of breast self-examination practice. It is also recommended that another study must be done using a qualitative approach to get an in-depth understanding of the steps and ways, by which female students practice BSE.

Development of Mamoji Products as Educational Media for Adolescent Women About Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is the development of a woman's concern for the condition of her breasts for early detection of breast cancer. This study aims to develop Mamae Jingle (MAMOJI) educational media as an effort to detect breast cancer early on in adolescent girls. MAMOJI is an audio-visual-based educational media containing BSE steps. This research design uses the Research and Development method. This research was conducted up to the pilot stage using ten samples of teenage girls at SMA Negeri 1 Gondanglegi aged 15–17 years who were already menstruating. The research instrument used a product assessment questionnaire and pre and post-test questionnaires to measure young women about BSE. After going through various processes, the results from expert validation found that MAMOJI received an assessment weight of 94.2% from material experts and 98.6% from media experts, with a very decent category, while the average results of product assessment respondents obtained results of 94.2% (very feasible). As well as for adolescent knowledge, after being analyzed and tested with paired sample t-test obtained p-value &lt;0.001, which indicates there is a difference in ability before and after being given MAMOJI media. It is hoped that the development of MAMOJI can complement the existing BSE education methods. It is hoped that an increase in young women's knowledge about BSE and it is expected that young women can apply to BSE.

A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effect of Planned Teaching Programme on the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Breast Self-examination among Adolescent in Selected Rural Area

Introduction: Breast self-examination involves the woman herself looking at and feeling the breast for lumps or other abnormalities. There is evidence that woman who correctly practice breast self-examination monthly is more likely to detect a lump in the early stage with early diagnosis and treatment yielding better survival. When adolescents become aware of themselves, they get in touch with their inner-self, their basic truths that satisfy their needs and their own personal desires. Teaching breast self-examination as breast changes occur in the adolescent girl can influence positive behaviors such as performing breast self-examinations and seeking regular professional breast examinations. Aim: The aim of study was to find out the effect of planned teaching on knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among adolescent in selected area. Subjects and Methods: One group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted, where the group was assessed. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select samples that fulfilled the required criteria. A sample size of 60 adolescents was taken for the study. Results: Findings revealed that in pre-test none of the adolescents was in the good or excellent range of knowledge and practice but in posttest there was significant shift of scores after administration of planned teaching. Therefore, heard about breast self-examination is dependent with pre-test knowledge and practice score while with other demographic variable such as age, education of mother, type of family, and source to receive information is independent. Conclusion: This study reveals that is important to have knowledge and practice of breast self-examination to detect breast abnormalities like Fibroadenoma and to have healthy life. Planned teaching was effective measure to improve knowledge and practices regarding breast self-examination among adolescent in selected rural area

Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female Students of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka

ABSTRACT:&#x0D; Background: Breast self examination (BSE) is a fairly reliable procedure for early detection of breast cancer especially in limited resource countries where access to and availability of mammography is inadequate. BSE helps women to be familiar with their breasts and increases awareness of breast cancer and breast cancer screening modalities like Clinical breast examination (CBE) and Mammography. This study aims at testing the knowledge base of our female tertiary students on breast cancer in addition to knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study based on self-administered pre-tested questionnaire on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Breast self examination (BSE) among females of a tertiary institution. Data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.&#x0D; Results: A 284 female student with mean age of 20.8±3.3 years participated in the study. 98.6% have heard of breast cancer, with media and books being the commonest source of information. Only 60.0% of the participants had been taught BSE, with commonest source of teaching being teachers and parents. Above half of the participants (55.6%) practiced BSE with only 8.1% ever discovered abnormality. There was significant association between practice of BSE and being taught BSE or hearing about BSE (p &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The knowledge of breast self examination among the study participants acquired largely through books and media though very high but the level of practice is still very low. There is significant association between knowledge and teaching of BSE with the practice of BSE.

English

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide (22%), and in India (18.5%) it ranks second to cervical cancer. The burden of breast cancer is increasing in both developed and developing countries. India is a vast country with huge population, cultural diversity, geographical variations, diets and habits; sources of information on cancer risk factors are limited. Ageing is the main risk factor for breast cancer. Some of the associated factors related to reproductive and lifestyle includes literacy, diet, age at menarche and menopause, age at first delivery, abortion, and family history of breast cancer. Various pneumonic devices are used in teaching breast self-examination which includes “7Ps” - position, perimeter, palpation, pressure, pattern, practice, and planning, what to do if a change is found in a breast tissue. This study was carried out with the intention of assessing the level of knowledge and prevention of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) in female nursing students. METHODS A descriptive study was carried out in the Nurses’ Training Institute, Agartala, Tripura. A total of 100 students present on those days of data collection and who gave consent were included in the study. RESULTS 94 % were in the age group of 18 - 22 (reproductive age group) years. Among the 100 study participants, only 1 % had adequate knowledge followed by 36 % having moderate knowledge and majority (63 %) were under ‘inadequate level of knowledge’. Study showed that, there is a significant association between nursing student’s religion and educational level with the knowledge score on breast cancer and its preventive measures with chi square = 20.46 and chi square = 31.47 respectively at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that the knowledge level of breast cancer among nursing students was poor. Nurse educator has ample opportunity for taking active part in educating the nursing students regarding breast cancer and its prevention. Education is of utmost importance for early detection of breast cancer and reduction of mortality. KEYWORDS Breast Cancer, Adequate, Moderately adequate, Inadequate

Breast Self-Examination, Correlates and Predictors of its Attitude among Ghanaian Undergraduate Health Trainees – A Follow up Report.

Breast Cancer (BC) is fast becoming a public health concern in resource deprived settings. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive BC preventive method. There is paucity in BSE knowledge, attitude and performance (KAP) and correlates research evidence in health trainee undergraduates in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to examine Breast Self-Examination, Correlates and Predictors of its Attitude among Ghanaian Undergraduate Health Trainees. The study used a mixed method approach among 336 purposively sampled health trainee students. The study revealed that, majority (80.6%) of the female SPs ever practiced BSE, but only 38.3% performed routine monthly checks as recommended and a male minority (36.7%) had ever practised BSE. The study also found a significant positive (r = 0.282, p = 0.000) and very weak insignificant positive correlation (p = 0.041, p = 0.041) between their attitude towards BSE and health LOC on one hand and with their SWL scores respectively. The study recommends a restructuring of curricular of health trainee courses to prioritize BSE as the best BC preventive measure in resource deprived settings. Also many more males must be allowed participation in BSE KAP advocacy, education and research as important stakeholders. Moreover, BSE education must focus on regular routine performance for both males and females. Finally, health professionals as determinants of breast health (LOC) must be factored into BSE education.

Breast Self-Examination, Correlates and Predictors of its Attitude among Ghanaian Undergraduate Health Trainees – A Follow up Report.

Breast Cancer (BC) is fast becoming a public health concern in resource deprived settings. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive BC preventive method. There is paucity in BSE knowledge, attitude and performance (KAP) and correlates research evidence in health trainee undergraduates in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to examine Breast Self-Examination, Correlates and Predictors of its Attitude among Ghanaian Undergraduate Health Trainees. The study used a mixed method approach among 336 purposively sampled health trainee students. The study revealed that, majority (80.6%) of the female SPs ever practiced BSE, but only 38.3% performed routine monthly checks as recommended and a male minority (36.7%) had ever practised BSE. The study also found a significant positive (r = 0.282, p = 0.000) and very weak insignificant positive correlation (p = 0.041, p = 0.041) between their attitude towards BSE and health LOC on one hand and with their SWL scores respectively. The study recommends a restructuring of curricular of health trainee courses to prioritize BSE as the best BC preventive measure in resource deprived settings. Also many more males must be allowed participation in BSE KAP advocacy, education and research as important stakeholders. Moreover, BSE education must focus on regular routine performance for both males and females. Finally, health professionals as determinants of breast health (LOC) must be factored into BSE education.

Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among nursing staff in Bangalore

Breast cancer has emerged as a major public health problem and early detection helps in bringing down the burden. Even thoughMammography is the best choice for screening, it is expensive and requires skilled personnel. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is important in early detection and for mass awareness especially in resource poor countries. Nurses and midwives constitute major contributors in delivering health care and education and if these are empowered and trained they can convince women to perform BSE. Various studies conducted on nurses BSE practice show that the nurses are generally ineffective practitioners of BSE and that their frequency of BSE teaching is low.To assess the knowledge and practice of effective BSE among female nurses. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 90 female nurses working in a tertiary care hospital. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE. Written consent was taken from the participants. Data was collected on the socio demographic information, knowledge and practice of BSE. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.: 55.6% of the nurses said that BSE should be performed once in 6 months, 18.9% felt that it should be performed monthly. 42.2% of the nurses said that BSE has no relation to menstrual cycle. 86.7% of nurses said that BSE should be performed in standing up position and the first source of information was BSE awareness programmes. 75.6% nurses practiced BSE but only 33.3% were effectively practicing BSE. 50% of the nurses said that they were confident in performing BSE. The major reasons for practicing were, early detection has a great value and fear of Breast cancer. Themajor reasons for not practicing BSE were, afraid I will find something 54.5%.The study indicates that nurses had inadequate knowledge about BSE. Practice of BSE was high but very few practiced it effectively.

Health beliefs, behaviour and determining factors in breast self – examination among a group of university students

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in both Turkey and the World. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the cheapestand the easiest method for early detection. According to Turkey’s Ministry of Health, 65.1 percent of women have never performedBSE. Only 10.1 percent of women perform BSE monthly. The purpose of this study was to examine health beliefs, behaviour anddetermining factors in BSE among a group of university students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with 15,940 female university students in 2016. Samplesize was 912. The research data was collected using a self-report questionnaire form and the adapted Turkish version of Champion’sHealth Belief Model Scale (CHBMS).Results: Ten point four percent of students (n=91) reported that they performed BSE monthly. Monthly BSE rates were higher in thestudents who were educated about BSE, who knew BSE timing and technique, who had been performed clinical breast examinationand whose confidence subscale of CHBMS was higher.Conclusion: In conclusion, health education programs should include BSE education in high schools and universities. Also, theseeducation programs should include all women and relate to the confidence subscale of CHBMS.