Breast Muscle Cholesterol Research Articles

Effect of dietary supplementation of ghee residue on the performance of Japanese quail

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of ghee residue on growth performance of Japanese quails. Ghee residue (GR) was included in the diet at 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3) and 15 (T4) percent levels and fed to 500 Japanese quails, randomly divided into four treatment groups with five replicates each with twenty birds. The experimental diet was isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The estimated TME, CP and EE of GR were 4800kcal/kg, 24.46% and 40.78%, respectively. The highest body weight (213.55g) with best FE (2.62) was observed at 5% GR fed group (T2). Feed consumption and mortality did not differ significantly among various treatments. Slaughter yield was highest at 5% GR fed group. However, the body weight, FE and carcass yield at 5 and 10% GR fed groups remained statistically similar to that of control. Organoleptic study revealed that the meat of 10% GR fed group (T3) was more acceptable compared to others. Breast muscle cholesterol level was highest in GR fed groups (T2 to T4) compared to control (T1). GR Supplementation at all levels resulted in reduction of feed cost with highest reduction at 15% level (Rs.1.46/kg) but reduction in performance was observed at the same level. It was concluded that ghee residue could be included in the broiler quail diet as an energy, protein and fat source up to 10% level.

Performance of Broilers Fed with Crude Rice Bran Oil

An experiment was conducted to study the inclusion of crude rice bran oil on production performance, carcass characteristics and biochemical parameters for a period of seven weeks with two hundred and sixteen commercial, straight run day-old Vencobb broiler chicks. These chicks were randomly grouped into six treatments with three replicates of twelve chicks each. The treatment groups consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% crude rice bran oil included in the broiler diet on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in body weight and body weight gain between treatment groups from first week to end of the experiment period except at second week (P<0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was recorded in feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass yields, but in feed conversion ratio significant (P<0.05) difference was recorded at second week of age. Livability was 100% in all the treatment groups except in 5% crude rice bran oil group wherein mortality of one bird was observed during 7th week of age.The abdominal fat percentage revealed no significant difference among various treatment groups by inclusion of crude rice bran oil. The breast muscle cholesterol revealed no significant difference between treatment groups. Whereas, the mean thigh muscle cholesterol of other treatment group birds was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of control group. The serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides level did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The return over feed cost did not differ significantly between treatment groups except at second week of age. Based upon this study, it is concluded that the inclusion of crude rice bran oil up to 3% in broiler ration is recommended for better growth and high return over feed cost.

Production Performance of Broilers Fed with Crude Rice Bran Oil

An experiment was conducted to study the inclusion of crude rice bran oil on production performance, carcass characteristics and biochemical parameters for a period of seven weeks with two hundred and sixteen commercial, straight run day-old Vencobb broiler chicks. These chicks were randomly grouped into six treatments with three replicates of twelve chicks each. The treatment groups consisted of 0 percent (T ), 1 percent (T ), 2 percent (T ), 3 percent (T ), 4 percent (T ) and 5 percent (T ) crude rice bran 1 2 3 4 5 6 oil included in the broiler diet. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in body weight and body weight gain between treatment groups from first week to end of the experiment period except at second week (P<0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was recorded in feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass yields, but in feed conversion ratio significant (P<0.05) difference was recorded at second week of age. Livability was 100 percent in all the treatment groups except in T wherein mortality 6 of one bird was observed during seventh week of age. The abdominal fat percentage revealed no significant difference among various treatment groups by inclusion of crude rice bran oil. The breast muscle cholesterol revealed no significant difference between treatment groups. Whereas the mean thigh muscle cholesterol of other treatment group birds was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of control group. The serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides level did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The return over feed cost did not differ significantly between treatment groups except at second week of age. Based upon this study, it is concluded that the inclusion of crude rice bran oil up to 3 percent in broiler ration is recommended for better growth and high return over feed cost.

Altos níveis dietéticos de cobre no desempenho e no colesterol sérico e muscular de frangos de corte

O cobre, em níveis supranutricionais nas dietas de frangos de corte, atua como promotor do crescimento. Para avaliar as respostas no desempenho e no colesterol sérico e muscular de frangos de corte, 1200 pintos (600 machos e 600 fêmeas) receberam rações suplementadas com 50, 100 ou 150 mg kg-1 de cobre como citrato cúprico, ou 200 mg kg-1 de cobre como sulfato cúprico pentahidratado, ou uma dieta controle, não suplementada, em um experimento em blocos casualizados com três repetições e arranjo fatorial de cinco tratamentos e dois sexos. As rações, baseadas em milho e farelo de soja e adequadas em todos os nutrientes (12 mg kg-1 de cobre na dieta controle), e água foram fornecidas à vontade durante o experimento de 42 dias. Não houve efeito (P&gt;0,05) de tratamentos nas variáveis ganho de peso, consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA) e mortalidade + refugagem (M+R) nos períodos de 1 a 21 dias e de 22 a 42 dias, com valores médios de 0,778 e 1,501 kg para GP, 1,181 e 3,087 kg para CR, 1,540 e 2,060 para CA, 1,42 e 2,08 % para M+R, respectivamente. Ao final do experimento o peso vivo (2,310 kg), o ganho de peso diário (55 g), o fator de produção (282,2), o colesterol no soro sangüíneo (129 mgdL-1) e o colesterol no músculo (55,9 mg 100 mL-1) também não foram afetados pelos tatamentos (P&gt;0,05). Os machos e as fêmeas tiveram níveis semelhantes de colesterol (P&gt;0,05) no soro e no músculo.

Studies on the Feeding of Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate and Cupric Citrate to Broiler Chickens

Male commercial broiler strain chickens were fed either a control diet (based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with cupric sulfate pentahydrate or cupric citrate in seven experiments (six in floor pens, one in wire-floored batteries). In Experiment 1, feeding 125 or 250 mg/kg copper increased growth (4.9%) and decreased feed conversion ratios (3.4%), total plasma cholesterol (40.2%), and breast muscle cholesterol (37.0%). Feeding 375 mg/kg copper was without further beneficial effect. In Experiment 2, withdrawing growth promoting supplements of copper from the feed for the last 7 d caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in breast muscle cholesterol at 42 d of age: 57.2, 48.0, and 43.2 mg/100 g meat for birds supplemented for 0, 35, or 42 d, respectively. Feeding 10 vs 260 mg/kg copper caused only small increases in tissue copper levels: 0.36 vs 0.41 mg/kg for breast meat, and 0.48 vs 0.60 mg/kg for thigh meat, respectively. Litter copper accumulations in these experiments were similar to those of earlier reports. Breast muscle cholesterol was reduced by feeding 125 mg/kg supplemental copper from cupric citrate (27.84 mg/100 g) or 125 mg supplemental copper from cupric sulfate pentahydrate (25.32 mg/100 g) compared to broilers fed the control diet (43.92 mg/100 g). Cupric citrate was efficacious for growth promotion at lower copper levels than cupric sulfate pentahydrate, resulting in reduced litter copper.

Dietary Copper in Excess of Nutritional Requirement Reduces Plasma and Breast Muscle Cholesterol of Chickens ,

Male commercial broiler strain chickens were fed from hatching to 42 d of age either a control diet (based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with 250 mg copper/kg diet from cupric sulfate pentahydrate (for 35 or 42 d). Hypocholesterolemia (11.8% reduction) and decreased breast muscle cholesterol (20.4% reduction) were observed in copper-supplemented birds. There was a slight increase (P > .05) in breast muscle copper (14.5%), and all levels were very low (<.5 mg/kg). Feeding copper for 42 vs 35 d resulted in lower levels of cholesterol in the plasma (12.9 vs 10.8% reduction) and breast muscle (24.6 vs 16.2% reduction). Very similar results were found in two additional experiments in which hypocholesterolemia and reduced breast muscle cholesterol were associated with reduced plasma triglycerides and blood reduced glutathione. It is well known that hypercholesterolemia is a symptom of dietary copper deficiency. The data presented here indicate that blood and breast muscle cholesterol are inversely related to dietary copper in excess of the dietary requirement for maximal growth. The cholesterol content of the edible muscle tissue of broiler chickens can be reduced by approximately 25% after feeding a supranormal level of copper for 42 d without altering the growth of the chickens or substantially increasing the copper content of the edible meat.