Hormone Receptor Status In Breast Cancer Research Articles

Significance of Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor Expression in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare subgroup of breast neoplasms associated with adverse outcomes because of its aggressive nature. Typically, MBCs show triple-negative hormone receptor (HR) status. Determining the HR status of breast cancer is an integral part because it is an important prognostic factor and helps in the treatment course of the disease. This study aimed to determine the HR status of MBC, its significance, and its association with various clinicopathological parameters. This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital. A total of 140 biopsy-proven cases of MBC were enrolled in the study. Clinical and pathological data were retrieved from the institutes' archives. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. The mean age of MBC in our population was found to be 52.18 ± 12.19 years. The HR positivity rate in our population was found to be 32.9%. A significant association was found between HR status and tumor laterality, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor stage, and recurrence. ER/PR-negative MBCs were most probably associated with higher grade and higher tumor stage and were larger in size (6.62 ± 3.43 cm) than ER/PR-positive MBCs (4.20 ± 1.88 cm). Moreover, ER/PR-positive MBCs showed a higher recurrence rate than ER/PR-negative MBCs (43.5% vs. 25.5%, respectively). No statistically significant relationship was found between HR status and patient age, histological subtype, or survival rate. MBC is a rare breast neoplasm. MBC was found to be triple negative in most cases, but a significant percentage were HR (ER/PR) positive. Moreover, we found an association between HR status and various clinicopathological features, indicating that HR status is a significant predictor of MBC prognosis.

Association Between Expression of Vitamin D Receptor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Among Breast Cancer Patients.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are known to be involved in breast cancer (BC) progression. Our previous work reported a correlation of differential localization of IGF1R with hormone receptor status in BC. A recent report described VDR and IGF1R as potential indicators of BC prognosis, but their interplay was not discussed. The present study focused on understanding the association of VDR expression with IGF1R activation, different molecular markers, and subtypes of BC. A retrospective study was designed to evaluate the VDR expression among 48 BC patients pathologically diagnosed as invasive BC and were surgically treated at Sharjah Breast Care Center, University Hospital Sharjah (UHS), United Arab Emirates (UAE). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor blocks with appropriate clinicopathological data were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC), and VDR protein expression was interpreted based on the staining intensity (SI) and the percentage of the positively stained cells (PP). Nearly 44% of cases in the study were vitamin D deficient. A positive VDR expression with strong intensity (score > 4) was seen in 27 cases (56.3%). The expression pattern for VDR was equally distributed in cytoplasm and nucleus. For the IGF1R intensity, 24 cases (50%) of total cohort showed strong expression. A significant association was detected between IGF1R and VDR expression (P = 0.031). The present study identified positive association between IGF1R and VDR expression where most of the cases with strong VDR expression displayed strong IGF1R expression. These findings may contribute to current understanding on the role of VDR in BC and its interaction with IGF1R.

Characteristics and survival in bone metastatic breast cancer patients with different hormone receptor status: A population-based cohort study.

BackgroundAccumulating preclinical evidence has uncovered the indispensable role of steroid hormone and their receptors, namely, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), in the development of bone metastases in breast cancer. Limited data are available regarding the survival difference between different hormone receptor (HR) subgroups, and its prognostic significance is uncertain now. Such data are important for risk stratification and needed to formulate specialized regimen for bone metastatic breast cancer.MethodsFrom the year of diagnosis 2010 to 2018, 554,585 breast cancer patients, among which are 19,439 with bone metastasis and 10,447 with bone-only metastasis, were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the survival difference between the different HR status subgroups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to validate the prognostic role of HR status and identify other prognostic factors in bone metastatic breast cancer.ResultsER-positive/PR-positive breast cancer patients with bone metastasis showed the best breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) than those with other HR statuses, while single PR-positive bone metastatic breast cancers manifest similar survival with ER-negative/PR-negative ones. Adjusted Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with older age, male, black race, ILC, higher tumor grade, T3–T4, HER2-negative status, absence of surgery or adjuvant treatment, and HR status other than ER-positive/PR-positive tended to have worse outcomes. Further subgroup analysis based on HER2 status showed that within HER2-positive breast cancers, ER-positive/PR-positive ones still manifest better survival than the other three HR status subgroups, which are similar in survival outcomes.ConclusionAlthough collectively viewed as HR-positive breast cancers, certain distinctions exist between bone metastatic breast cancers with different HR statuses in survival outcome. Our findings indicate that despite metastasizing to the same location, the different survival rate is determined by the HR status of breast cancer. The selection and intensity of the regimen should consider HR status, and HER2 status occasionally, when treating bone metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer management in 2021: A primer for the obstetrics and gynecology.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Several factors increase the risk of breast cancer development, including patient characteristics, lifestyle habits, and predisposing genetic mutations. Once a diagnosis of breast cancer has been established, treatment decisions are guided by breast cancer stage and phenotype. Immunohistochemistry is used to quantify estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expressions. In this chapter, we will focus on the management of localized and metastatic breast cancer, guided by the breast cancer hormone receptor status (ER and PR expression) and HER2 expression identified at diagnosis.

MALE BREAST CANCER: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE

Background Breast cancer is less common in males than females and accounts for about 1% of all malignancies among males. The data on this patient population remains largely unexploredpartially in India since the lifetime risk of developing this cancer is unusually low. MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of male patients diagnosed with breast cancer during 2014 to 2021 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Management consisted of surgery (Modified Radical Mastectomy) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. ResultsA total of 22 patients with a mean age of 59 (range 36-85) yearswere included. The primary presenting complaint was subareolar swelling in 15(68.1%)patients. The histology revealed invasive ductal carcinoma in 22(100%) cases. Breast cancer hormone receptor status (ER/PR-positive) was seen in 20(90.9%) patients. The median follow-up was 38 months. A total of 20(90.9%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. The local recurrence was noted in 6(27.3%) patients. The lung andbone metastaseswere seen in 2(9.1%)patients,liver metastases in 1(4.5%)patient, andbilateral breast cancer in 1(4.5%) patient. At the last available visit, 10(45.4%) patients were following up, 9(40.9%) lost to follow up and unfortunately, 3(13.7%) patients were deceased. ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with male breast cancer at our center was good. Although male breast cancer has similarities to those in women, there are distinct differences that need to be studied to improve treatment outcomes.

Can Radiomics Analyses in 18F-FDG PET/CT Images of Primary Breast Carcinoma Predict Hormone Receptor Status?

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the role of preoperative 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) radiomics features and metabolic parameters of primary breast tumors in predicting hormone receptor (HR) positivity.Methods:A total of 153 patients with breast carcinoma who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT were included. All PET/CT images were retrospectively reevaluated. Radiomics features of primary breast lesions reflecting tumor heterogeneity as well as standardized uptake value (SUV) metrics (SUVmin, SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVpeak) and volumetric parameters such as metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were extracted by commercial texture analysis software package (LIFEx; https://www.lifexsoft.org/ index.php). WEKA and SPSS were used for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine texture features predicting HR positivity. Accuracy, F-measure, precision, recall, and precision-recall curve area were used as data-mining performance criteria of texture features to predict HR positivity.Results:None of the radiomics parameters were significant in predicting HR status. Only SUV metrics and TLG were statistically important. Mean ± standard deviations for SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVpeak for the HR-negative group were significantly higher than those in the HR-positive group (6.73±4.36 vs. 5.20±3.32, p=0.027; 11.55±7.42 vs. 8.63±5.23, p=0.006; and 8.37±6.81 vs. 5.72±4.86; p=0.012). Cut-off values of SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVpeak for the prediction of HR positivity were 4.93, 8.35, and 6.02, respectively. Among data-mining methods, logistic regression showed the best performance with accuracy of 0.762.Conclusion:In addition to the relatively limited number of patients in this study, radiomics parameters cannot predict the HR status of primary breast cancer. SUV levels of the HR-negative group were significantly higher than those of the HR-positive group. To clarify the role of metabolic and radiomics parameters in predicting HR status in breast cancer, further studies involving a larger study population are needed.

The Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Metabolism.

Despite advances in screening, therapy, and surveillance that have improved patient survival rates, breast cancer is still the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women [1]. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease rooted in a genetic basis, influenced by extrinsic stimuli, and reflected in clinical behavior. The diversity of breast cancer hormone receptor status and the expression of surface molecules have guided therapy decisions for decades; however, subtype-specific treatment often yields diverse responses due to varying tumor evolution and malignant potential. Although the mechanisms behind breast cancer heterogeneity is not well understood, available evidence suggests that studying breast cancer metabolism has the potential to provide valuable insights into the causes of these variations as well as viable targets for intervention.

Higher dietary soy intake appears inversely related to breast cancer risk independent of estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes

The relationship between soy intake (SI) and breast cancer (BC) has been widely investigated with limited information on the significance of hormone receptor status of BC on the association. This study assessed the relationship between SI and BC risk in the context of oestrogen receptor (ER) status of BC. We meta-analyzed data from published studies on SI and BC after a methodical search of EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library through December 2019. Summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented using a random-effects model. Eighteen (5 cohorts and 13 case-control) studies, were included in this meta-analysis and SI was inversely associated with BC risk [OR (95%) for highest vs. lowest soy food intake = 0.88 (0.84–0.92), P < 0.001, I2 = 76.1%, Egger's p-value = 0.425] among all women. The inverse relationship was stronger among premenopausal women [OR (95%) = 0.79 (0.71–0.87), P < 0.001, I2 = 77.3%, Egger's p-value = 0.644]. In addition, SI was inversely associated with BC risk among ER-negative (–) BC women [OR (95%) = 0.71 (0.57–0.90), P = 0.013, I2 = 72.0%, Egger's p-value = 0.355] and among ER-positive (+) BC women [OR (95%) = 0.87 (0.79–0.96), P = 0.008 I2 = 74.6%, Egger's p-value = 0.061]. SI appears inversely associated with BC risk, with a stronger inverse association among pre-menopausal and ER-negative BC women.

Gut microbiome associations with breast cancer risk factors and tumor characteristics: a pilot study

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between gut microbiome with breast tumor characteristics (receptor status, stage and grade) and known breast cancer risk factors.MethodsIn a pilot cross-sectional study of 37 incident breast cancer patients, fecal samples collected prior to chemotherapy were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-based sequencing protocol. Alpha diversity and specific taxa by tumor characteristics and breast cancer risk factors were tested by Wilcoxon rank sum test, and by differential abundance analysis, using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model with adjustment for total counts, age and race/ethnicity.ResultsThere were no significant alpha diversity or phyla differences by estrogen/progesterone receptor status, tumor grade, stage, parity and body mass index. However, women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) (n = 12) compared to HER2− (n = 25) breast cancer showed 12–23% lower alpha diversity [number of species (OTU) p = 0.033, Shannon index p = 0.034], lower abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.005) and higher abundance of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.089). Early menarche (ages ≤ 11) (n = 11) compared with later menarche (ages ≥ 12) (n = 26) was associated with lower OTU (p = 0.036), Chao1 index (p = 0.020) and lower abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.048). High total body fat (TBF) (> 46%) (n = 12) compared to lower (≤ 46%) TBF was also associated with lower Chao 1 index (p = 0.011). There were other significant taxa abundance differences by HER2 status, menarche age, as well as other tumor and breast cancer risk factors.Conclusions and relevanceFurther studies are needed to identify characteristics of the human microbiome and the interrelationships between breast cancer hormone receptor status and established breast cancer risk factors.

Elevated Expression of RIOK1 Is Correlated with Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status and Promotes Cancer Progression.

PurposeRIOK1 has been proved to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation and migration in various types of cancers—such as colorectal and gastric cancers. However, the expression of RIOK1 in breast cancer (BC) and the relationship between RIOK1 expression and the development of BC are not well characterized. In this study, we assessed the expression of RIOK1 in BC and evaluated the mechanisms underlying its biological function in this disease context.Materials and MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of RIOK1 in BC patients. Then, knockdown or overexpression of RIOK1 were used to evaluate the effect on BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we predicted miR-204-5p could be a potential regulator of RIOK1.ResultsWe found that the expression levels of RIOK1 were significantly higher in hormone receptor (HR)–negative BC patients and was associated with tumor grades (p=0.010) and p53 expression (p=0.008) and survival duration (p=0.011). Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested a tendency for the poor prognosis. In vitro, knockdown of RIOK1 could inhibit proliferation, invasion, and induced apoptosis in HR-negative BC cells and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo, while overexpression of RIOK1 promoted HR-positive tumor progression. MiR-204-5p could regulate RIOK1 expression and be involved in BC progression.ConclusionThese findings indicate that RIOK1 expression could be a biomarker of HR-negative BC, and it may serve as an effective prognostic indicator and promote BC progression.

The clinical characteristics and prognosis of endometrial carcinomas that occur after breast cancer: does hormone receptor status of breast cancer matter?

To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of endometrial cancer (EC) following breast cancer and to assess the effect of the breast cancer hormone receptor status on subsequent EC. A retrospective study based on SEER data of EC patients with a history of breast cancer. A total of 2142 cases met the inclusion criteria. Compared to that of the general population, the incidence of EC following estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and hormone receptor-negative (HR-) breast cancer increased by approximately 16-fold and 15-fold, respectively. Histologically, the proportions of type II EC following ER+ breast cancer, HR- breast cancer and primary EC were 39.6%, 39.4% and 31.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). The proportions of G3 ECs were 26.9%, 28.2% and 19.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients who died from miscellaneous malignant tumors among EC patients following breast cancer was significantly higher than the proportion of patients among primary ECs. The overall survival rate was worse for EC patients with a history of breast cancer (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between patients with EC following ER+ breast cancer and those with EC following HR- breast cancer with regard to stage, lymphatic metastasis, outcome or cause of death. Compared to the general population, the incidence of EC in patients with breast cancer was increased markedly. Patients with EC following ER+ or HR- breast cancer shared the same clinicopathological features and prognoses. All patients need close monitoring regardless of breast cancer hormone receptor status.

Risk of second primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in females with known breast cancer hormone receptor status: A nationwide U.S. patient population study

Risk of second primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in females with known breast cancer hormone receptor status: A nationwide U.S. patient population study

Abstract 619: Dietary advanced glycation end-products and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH AARP diet and health study

Abstract Purpose: Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are hypothesized to be involved in carcinogenesis. We analyzed dietary AGE intake in relation to invasive breast cancer (BC) to advance our knowledge of the impact of diet on BC risk. Methods: Dietary AGE intake was estimated from the food-frequency questionnaire in postmenopausal women in the NIH AARP Diet and Health study, prospective cohort (n=183,548). Incident BC cases were identified through linkage with state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing BC according to quintiles of AGE levels. Multivariate regression models were adjusted for established BC risk factors. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12.8 years, 9,851 BCs (1,978 advanced stage) were identified. Median daily AGE intake was 5,932 KU/1,000 kcal (10th- 90th percentile, 3,555 - 8,644). Women with higher AGE intake tended to have lower education level, higher BMI, younger age at menarche, menopause, first birth, more children, less physical activity, current smoking and higher total fat and meat intake. AGE intake was associated with increased risk of BC in the multivariate model 1, but the association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjusting for total meat and fat intakes (Table). The association between AGE intake and BC did not differ by BMI, hormone therapy use, or alcohol consumption. AGE intake was not related to BC hormone receptor status, histologic type, or grade. However, AGE intake was associated with increased risks of advanced stage tumors (highest vs. lowest quintile of AGE intake, RR 1.37 95% CI 1.09-1.74) even after controlling for total meat and fat intakes. The risk of advanced stage BC increased by 14% (RR 1.14 95% CI 1.04-1.25 in multivariate model 2) per 2,500 KU/1,000 kcal increase in AGE intake. Conclusions: Dietary AGEs may play a role in the development of postmenopausal BC, particularly in advanced stage BC. Relative Risks (95% CI) of breast cancer for quintiles of AGE intakeQuintiles of AGE intake12345P valueContinuous AGETotal invasive breast cancerNo. of cases1,8992,0231,9321,9952,002Age-adjusted model1 reference1.07 (1.01-1.14)1.03 (0.97-1.10)1.08 (1.01-1.15)1.10 (1.04-1.17).0051.05 (1.02-1.07)Multivariate model 11 reference1.06 (0.99-1.13)1.01 (0.95-1.08)1.05 (0.99-1.12)1.09 (1.02-1.16).031.04 (1.02-1.07)Multivariate model 21 reference1.00 (0.93-1.08)0.94 (0.86-1.02)0.96 (0.88-1.06)1.00 (0.90-1.11).991.03 (0.99-1.08)StageLocalizedNo. of cases1,0211,0169741,001989Age-adjusted model1 reference1.00 (0.92-1.09)0.97 (0.88-1.05)1.00 (0.92-1.09)1.01 (0.92-1.10).891.02 (0.99-1.06)Multivariate model 11 reference0.99 (0.90-1.08)0.95 (0.87-1.04)0.98 (0.90-1.07)1.00 (0.92-1.10).921.02 (0.98-1.06)Multivariate model 21 reference0.90 (0.81-0.99)0.84 (0.75-0.94)0.86 (0.76-0.98)0.90 (0.78-1.04).321.02 (0.96-1.09)Distant/RegionalNo. of cases341414377408438Age-adjusted model1 reference1.22 (1.06-1.41)1.12 (0.97-1.29)1.22 (1.05-1.41)1.33 (1.15-1.53)&amp;lt;.0011.11 (1.05-1.17)Multivariate model 11 reference1.21 (1.04-1.39)1.10 (0.94-1.27)1.18 (1.02-1.37)1.28 (1.11-1.48).0041.09 (1.03-1.16)Multivariate model 21 reference1.25 (1.06-1.47)1.15 (0.95-1.40)1.25 (1.02-1.54)1.37 (1.09-1.74).021.14 (1.04-1.25) Citation Format: Lindsay L. Peterson, Seho Park, Yikyung Park, Narges Anbardar, David Turner. Dietary advanced glycation end-products and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH AARP diet and health study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 619.

RASEF expression correlates with hormone receptor status in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women worldwide, and the development of new molecules associated with BC is essential for the management of this disease. RAS and EF-hand domain-containing (RASEF) encodes the GTPase enzyme that belongs to the Rab family. Although the effects of this gene have been reported in several malignant tumor types, the role of RASEF in BC has not been completely elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of RASEF expression in BC. RASEF mRNA expression levels were evaluated in BC and non-cancerous mammary cell lines. The association between RASEF mRNA expression levels and clinicopathological factors in 167 patients with BC were then determined. Among the 13 examined BC cell lines, ER-negative/HER2-negative cell lines expressed lower RASEF mRNA levels, when compared with the other examined cell lines (P=0.014). Of the 167 patients examined, patients with negative hormone receptor status exhibited significantly lower RASEF mRNA expression levels (P<0.001). In addition low RASEF expression in BC tissues was associated with negative estrogen receptor status (P<0.001), negative progesterone receptor status (P<0.001), and triple-negative status (P<0.001). Additionally, although the differences were not statistically significant, patients with low RASEF expression levels exhibited poorer disease-free survival (P=0.123) and overall survival (P=0.086) than other patients. The results of the present study indicate that RASEF mRNA expression levels are associated with hormone receptor status in BC.

Assessment of Hormone Receptor Profile in Breast Cancer Using 18F‐Fluro‐Estradiol PET CT: A Pilot Study

Hormone Receptor (HR) status has vital implications in prognosis and therapy of breast cancer. Currently, HR status is assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of core needle biopsy or surgical specimen. In this technique tumor is not studied in entiretyThis technique &amp; has 3–5% false negative rate.AimEvaluate use of 18F‐FES PET‐CT in determining receptor status of breast cancer.MethodsER expression on IHC: Core needle biopsy/excision specimens were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded sections made &amp; subjected to IHC. Proportion of positive cells was given score of 0 to 5 &amp; intensity of uptake was given a score of 0 to 3. Total score was then calculated by summing up the total. Imaging with FES PET CT performed using standard protocol and images acquired. SUV of lesion, SUV ratio between lesion and background activity &amp; visual interpretation grading were correlated to ER expression on IHC. For SUV ratio, SUV of the breast lesion was compared to the SUV of the mediastinal blood pool in the thoracic aorta. Visual grading of the breast lesion on 18F‐FES PET‐CT CT was done as follows:Grade 1‐ no uptake on 18F‐FES PET‐CT;Grade 2‐uptake of lesion less than mediastinal blood pool; Grade 3‐uptake of lesion similar to mediastinal blood pool.; Grade 4‐Lesion well defined, uptake more than mediastinal blood pool/similar to liver. Correlation between lesion SUV, SUV ratio of lesion and mediastinal blood pool &amp; visual grading score with ER score as on IHC was calculated using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. The value of SUV ratio above which the lesion was considered ER positive was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). P value of &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Data analysis was done using Stata 11.2.ResultsTwenty four patients were enrolled for the study. Most of the patients were females (F:M= 22:2). All patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (NST) except for a 55 yr old lady who had high grade DCIS and no invasive component was found. IHC done on core needle biopsy specimens was used to determine the receptor status of the breast lumps. 16 patients were HR +ve ( 12 strongly +ve and 4 moderately +ve) and 8 were HR −ve. ROC curve (Fig 1) was plotted for SUV and tumours with SUV of &gt;/= 1.8 on 18F‐FES PET‐CT were categorized as ER+ (AUC=0.8190, sensitivity =73.33% &amp; specificity=71.43%). Comparison of HR status as assessed by FES PETCT and IHC is given in Table I. The sensitivity, specificity, false negative rates of of FES PETCT in evaluating HR status were 87.5%, 100% and 12,5% respectively. Out of the two false negative patients, one patient was on tablet anastrazole (anti estrgoen medication). Correlation between HR status of tumor as assessed by IHC &amp; SUV of tumour, tumour to background ratio and visual grading (Table II) was assessed and it was found that correlation was strongest for visual grading (0.7737) followed by tumour to background ratio (0.6640) &amp; SUV of lesion(0.5305).Conclusions18FES PETCT shows promise in evaluating HR status of breast cancer as it is high sensitive and specific. It scores over the currently used technique of IHC as it assesses the tumor in its entirety. Among the various parameters of assessment of HR expression on FES PETCT, we recommend visual grading as it correlates the best with HR expression on IHC. Limitations of the Study: Small sample size. Larger studies are needed before FES PET CT is recommended to be included in the routine clinical armamentarium for management of breast cancer.Support or Funding InformationnoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Breast Cancer Metabolism.

Despite advances in screening, therapy, and surveillance that have improved survival rates, breast cancer is still the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women [1]. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease rooted in a genetic basis and reflected in clinical behavior. The diversity of breast cancer hormone receptor status and the expression of surface molecules has guided therapy decisions for decades; however, subtype-specific treatment often yields diverse responses due to varying tumor evolution and malignant potential. Although understanding the mechanisms behind breast cancer heterogeneity is still a challenge, available evidence suggests that studying its metabolism has the potential to give valuable insight into the causes of these variations, as well as viable targets for intervention.

Descriptive characteristics of prostate cancer in patients with a history of primary male breast cancer \u2013 a SEER analysis

BackgroundCurrent evidence on risk of prostate cancer following a diagnosis of male breast cancer is limited and guidance for screening in this potentially higher-risk population remainsunclear. Our objective was to quantify prostate cancer risk in men diagnosed with breast cancer.MethodsWe identified men diagnosed with first primary breast cancer between 1988 and 2012 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program registry databases. Men were followed for occurrence of a second primary prostate cancer and secondary outcomes of cancer-specific and overall survival. Stratified analyses were performed by age, breast cancer stage, race, and breast cancer hormone receptor status. Excess risk per 10,000 person-years and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. We used multivaraible Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for characteristics associated with secondary prostate cancer and survival.ResultsFrom a cohort of 5753 men with breast cancer with median follow up of 4.3 years, we identified 250 cases of second primary prostate cancer. Overall, the incidence of second primary prostate cancer was modestly greater than expected (SIR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.93–1.33), although not statistically significant. Stratified analyses demonstrated associations for men ages 65–74 at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (SIR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.01–1.73), hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (SIR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.11–1.39) or AJCC stage I breast cancer (SIR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.04–1.75) and second primary prostate cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsThe incidence of prostate cancer in men with history of breast cancer is similar to the general population. Men with favorable characteristics of their breast cancer were more likely to develop prostate cancer, possibly due to a lower competing risk of breast cancer mortality.

Association between breast cancer and thyroid cancer: a descriptive study

Background: This study investigated the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer and thyroid cancer to explore the possible mechanism underlying co-development of these two cancers. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 486 female patients with thyroid cancer, among which 8 patients suffered from breast malignancies. The clinicopathological features, hormone receptor status of the invasive breast cancer, and the expression of human mismatch repair genes were analyzed. Results: The clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer, such as age, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size were not different between the group of patients with both breast and thyroid cancer and the group with thyroid cancer alone. Four cases developed thyroid carcinoma after six months of breast carcinoma diagnosis, three cases developed breast cancer and thyroid cancer simultaneously, and one patient developed breast malignancy after three months of thyroid carcinoma diagnosis. All invasive breast cancers were ER-positive and HER-2 negative. Mutations in human mismatch repair genes were not found for both breast malignancies and thyroid carcinomas. Conclusions: Co-occurrence of thyroid cancer and breast cancer in the same individual was more frequently observed than expected. Increased surveillance of primary cancer patients may be a significant factor behind the discovery of a second tumor. Estrogen receptor (ER) but not human mismatch repair genes may be involved in the mechanism behind development of co-existing breast cancer and thyroid cancer. Chemotherapy with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide for breast cancer patients might promote the development of thyroid cancer, but some was not related with therapy. Close surveillance of breast and thyroid cancer patients is essential to earlier detecting other secondary tumors.

HER2 status and disparities in luminal breast cancers.

National Comprehensive Care Network guidelines for adjuvant treatment of invasive breast cancer are based on HER2 and hormone receptor (HR) status, where HR+ disease encompasses all estrogen receptor (ER)+ and/or progesterone receptor (PR)+ tumors. We sought to explore clinical and demographic differences among patients with HR+ breast cancer subtypes, and the role of HER2 status, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) in disease risk. We evaluated breast cancer subtype distribution, defined by HR and HER2 status, using patient clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Differences in HR categories by demographic and tumor characteristics were examined using chi‐squared tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to quantify associations between breast cancer HR status and demographic factors. We found that differences in HR+ (ER−/PR+ vs. ER+/PR− or ER+/PR+) tumor biology are likely clinically significant and may play a role in breast cancer, regardless of HER2 status. While clinical and patient characteristics differed within each luminal subtype, we found disparities in SES only among Luminal A (HR+/HER2−) tumors. Among HR+/HER2− cases, we observed that ER−/PR+ patients tend to live in areas of higher poverty (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.40) and are 70% more likely to be aged 50 years or older. However, this pattern was not found in women with Luminal B (HR+/HER2+) disease (Poverty OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.76–1.27; Age OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81–1.26). Racial/ethnic disparities among non‐Hispanic black and Hispanic women persisted across HR+/HER2− cases compared to non‐Hispanic white women. Our findings suggest that while race/ethnicity and SES are correlated, each plays an independent role in contributing to disease among Luminal A tumors. Further study is needed to investigate how tumor biology, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic disparities among HR+/HER2− cases may contribute to poorer patient prognosis.

Abstract 1266: Racial differences in the association of cruciferous vegetable intake with breast cancer hormone receptor status and tumor subtype

Abstract Background: Dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemopreventive phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables (CV). ITCs down-regulate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells, and inhibit development of breast cancer in animal models. CV intake was found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. However, the association of CV intake with breast cancer subtype is unknown. Further, racial differences exist in dietary habits and polymorphic genes in ITC-metabolizing pathway. In a prospective cohort, we examined the association of prior CV intake with breast cancer hormone receptor status and subtype by race. Methods: Among 2908 breast cancer patients diagnosed 2005-2013 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), data on CV intake in the past 6 months were obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire as part of a comprehensive baseline interview about two months post-diagnosis. Breast cancer characteristics came from the KPNC Cancer Registry. CV intake and its association with hormone receptor status (ER+/-, PR+/-, and HER2+/-) and subtype (luminal A/luminal B/triple negative/HER2-overexpressing) were examined among Whites, African Americans (AA), Asians, and Hispanics. Logistic regression was used adjusting for age at diagnosis, race, menopausal status, parity, energy intake, and dietary fiber from vegetables. Results: CV intake (grams/day) differed across racial groups (p&amp;lt;0.01), with 46.9, 35.6, 30.7, and 27.8 for Asians, AA, Whites, and Hispanics, respectively. Except for broccoli, intake of other individual CVs differed across racial groups (p&amp;lt;0.01). Total CV intake was not associated with breast cancer subtypes in any racial group. However, compared with PR+ disease, coleslaw intake was associated with reduced odds of PR- disease in Asians (high vs. low: OR=0.63, 95%CI=0.41-0.97), while intake of greens including collard, kale, turnip and mustard was associated with increased odds of PR- disease in Whites (high vs. low: OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.09-1.66). Broccoli and cabbage intake were associated with reduced odds of HER2+ disease in Asians, compared with HER2- disease (high vs. low: OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.23-0.94 for broccoli, and OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.24-0.95 for cabbage). No associations were observed for Hispanics and AAs. In all racial groups combined, total CV intake, specifically broccoli intake, was associated with increased odds of luminal B, compared with luminal A subtype (OR=1.83, 95%CI= 1.19- 2.79). However, the association became null with increasing broccoli intake. Discussion: The association of CV intake with breast cancer characteristics varied by race and by individual CV. The differences may be attributable to diverse genetic background among racial groups, and specific ITCs in individual CVs. Funded by K07 CA148888 and R01 CA105274 Citation Format: Li Tang, Marilyn L. Kwan, Song Yao, Janise M. Roh, Cecile A. Laurent, Dawn L. Hershman, Schicha Kumar, Gregory E. Wilding, Christine B. Ambrosone, Lawrence H. Kushi. Racial differences in the association of cruciferous vegetable intake with breast cancer hormone receptor status and tumor subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1266