Frequency Of Breakfast Research Articles

Linking Big Five personality traits to components of diet: A meta-analytic review.

This research synthesis sought to determine the magnitude of associations between major personality dimensions and components of diet. A comprehensive literature search identified 49 articles (584 effect sizes; 151,750 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled mean effects were computed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 98 separate meta-analyses provided evidence that lower levels of neuroticism, r = -.05 (95% confidence interval, CI [-.09, -.01]), and higher levels of extraversion, r = .07 (95% CI [.03, .11]); openness, r = .13 (95% CI [.07, .18]); agreeableness, r = .07 (95% CI [.04, .11]); and conscientiousness, r = .12 (95% CI [.08, .16]), are associated with a healthier diet. Personality traits related to fruit and vegetable consumption; sugar intake (e.g., candy, sugary drinks); salt intake; consumption of meat, dairy, and fiber; low-fat foods; fast food and snacks; convenience foods; breakfast frequency; meal irregularity; and emotional and restrained eating. There was evidence of publication bias complicating conclusions for conscientiousness and meat eating. Random effects metaregression showed that agreeableness had a stronger positive association with healthy eating among older adults. These findings should be of interest to health care professionals developing health care services that aim to promote healthy eating. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

An observational study in Roma women in Greece: measuring health factors in an understudied group

Abstract Background The Roma have always been one of the most vulnerable and at the same time understudied minority groups in Europe, living under difficult conditions and experiencing discrimination. The aim of the present work was to summarize the health and lifestyle profile of Roma women living in various regions of Greece. Methods A multi-center, observational study was implemented in April-June 2022, in the context of a national program entitled “Empowering Young Roma Women in matters of health, prevention and human rights: a new methodological approach”. Roma women, living in 5 areas of Greece, and health professionals working with Roma groups were considered as eligible to participate. A two-step, methodological approach was followed: a. qualitative study with Focus Groups and b. questionnaire-based survey. Results In total, n = 41 participants in FGs, and n = 99 responders in survey were recorded. 40% of participants were smokers (>10-15 cigarettes/day). Main quitting reasons, were “to set a good example and cost’. Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages, low plant-based foods intake, frequent breakfast omission and eating-out were reported by the vast majority of participants. Only 15% of responders had undergone typical, gynecological, screening tests while 1 in 5 responders used contraception. Regarding vaccinations, even if about 8 in 10 women seemed to comply with the obligatory vaccines for their children, a high vaccination reluctancy in 70% of the study sample was recorded in case of vaccination in adulthood. Conclusions This study stands one of the very few that underscore the vulnerability of Roma women in terms of poor health literacy, unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and low motivation to typical preventive measures. Improving access to primary health care services and tailored, culturally sensitive training is crucial. Key messages • Social inclusion of the increasing population of Roma women is crucial. • Health promotion, taking into consideration Roma women’s special needs, shall be a decisive factor of this process.

Trends in the breakfast habit in 6-12-year-old primary school children in Marrakech city, Morocco

ABSTRACT Breakfast is crucial for children, with numerous scientific studies demonstrating its impact on cognitive performance. This study examines the breakfast habits of children aged 6 to 12 years in three public primary schools in Marrakech. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and breakfast quality was evaluated using the breakfast quality index (BQI). All the children’s height and weight were measured. The study analysed factors such as breakfast frequency, family influence, and school performance. Results indicate that 66.1% of children eat breakfast regularly, but the quality is moderate for 61.8% of them. Family encouragement influences 54.5% of children, with 58.7% viewing family as the main source of information. Other factors affecting breakfast frequency include waking time (47.9%) and cravings (28.1%). Children who consistently eat a moderate (p = 0.042) or high-quality breakfast perform better academically (p = 0.03). Promoting healthy breakfast habits within the family can enhance children’s well-being and academic performance.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BREAKFAST HABITS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN CHILDREN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SDN SUKOREJO SIDAYU GRESIK

Breakfast is an important activity before carrying out activities in the morning and contributes around 15% - 30% of daily calorie needs. Breakfast starts from 06.00 until 09.00 in the morning. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and breakfast habits in elementary school children at SDN Sukorejo Sidayu Gresik. This research was conducted on 33 students in grades V and VI. The measuring tools used in this research were questionnaires, report card grades, and anthropometric data. Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman Rank test. Results: (51,5%) of respondents often consumed breakfast habits and (48,5%) respondents rarely consumed breakfast habits. The results show that there is no relationship between nutritional status and academic achievement (sig of 0.962). And there is no relationship between breakfast habits and academic achievement (sig of 0.357). So it can be concluded that respondents with breakfast frequency categories are often spread across the good and fair performance categories.

A longitudinal study among female college students' eating behaviors and food group intake based on the change in eating habit stages

Objectives This study aimed to longitudinally determine the eating behavior and food group intake of female students to examine the relationship between eating behaviors and intention to improve eating habits (change in eating habits stages) and help health education use the behavior change theory.Methods This one-year longitudinal study included 130 female students from Japanese colleges. The stage at which eating habits and behaviors (skipping breakfast, eating out, instant food intake, and snacking) and intake of food groups rich in protein, calcium, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats and oils were assessed. The stages were as follows; pre-contemplation or contemplation (lower group), preparation (middle group), and action or maintenance (upper group). A self-assessment questionnaire was administered to evaluate eating behaviors and food group intake frequencies using a 5-point Likert scale. P-values of <.05 were considered statistically significant.Results A cross-sectional comparison of eating behaviors and food group intake scores demonstrated significant differences between the stages only in snacking behavior. The upper group consumed snacks significantly less frequently than the middle and lower groups. After one year, a longitudinal comparison of eating behaviors and food group intake scores revealed significant differences in the intake of food groups rich in vitamins and minerals (green and yellow vegetables), fats and oils in the pre-contemplation stage, intake of food groups rich in vitamins/minerals (green and yellow vegetables) and frequency of skipping breakfast in the preparation stage, and frequency of eating out and snacking in the action stage. Each stage demonstrated a decreasing trend in food intake and an increasing trend in the frequency of skipping breakfast, eating out, and snacking. The percentages of students whose eating habits stage dropped during the second year were 49.0%, 100%, and 77.8% in the preparation, action, and maintenance stages, respectively. This indicates that there are cases in which readiness reverses in stages with improved eating habits.Conclusion In health education on eating habits, it is vital to understand the changes in eating habit stages for each eating behavior and details of actual eating behaviors and habits. Thus, health education should align to the needs of each individual to support them in transforming and maintaining a higher stage of change in their eating habits.

Comparison of Dietary Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life of the Elderly Based on Their Household Type in Korea

This study analyzed the raw data from the 2021 National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted annually in Korea to investigate the dietary behavior, nutrient intake, and health-related quality of life of the elderly in the community based on their household type: single-person, couple, or non-couple family household. As a result of the study, based on the household type, significant differences were found in the frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as in the frequency of consuming vegetables and fruits (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.001). After analyzing the impact of household type on the depression and happiness levels of the surveyed elderly, it was found that the depression levels of elderly individuals in single-person households were significantly 1.279 times higher, while their feelings of happiness were 0.561 times lower compared to elderly individuals living with their family, including a spouse (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.001). In order to enhance the health-related quality of life for elderly individuals living alone with low income and education levels, it is essential to provide systematic management and support activities.

Exploring the associations between chronotype, meal frequency, and physical activity: A population-based study in adults

ABSTRACT Chronotype is an established concept designed to capture the internal clock’s phase in real-life conditions. It is vital in many aspects of daily life and can interfere considerably with numerous factors in a given population. Recognizing nonmodifiable and modifiable factors is crucial for identifying covariates of interest when studying the link between chronotype and health status. To date, chronotype and its related factors have not been extensively investigated. The present study aimed to explore the association of chronotypes with meal frequency, physical activity, and demographic factors among the Saudi population. This cross-sectional web-based questionnaire involved 1369 adults (aged 18 years and above) from the general public in Saudi Arabia and was conducted between March and May 2019. Chronotype was assessed using the reduced version of the original Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). Meal frequencies and demographics data (age, gender, marital status, place of residence, educational level, employment status, income) were obtained. Physical activity level was also obtained using the international physical activity questionnaire. The MEQ scores group individuals into three categories: morning-type, neither-type, and evening-type. The neither-type individuals represented 41.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.5% − 45.6%) of the study population, followed by the morning-type (34.1%; 95% [CI], 29.8% − 38.4%), then the evening-type (24.3%, 95% [CI], 19.6% − 28.9%). Chronotype was significantly associated with age, marital status, employment status and monthly income (All p < 0.05). Significant associations between chronotype with meal frequencies (number of meals per day, breakfast frequency, lunch frequency, and dinner frequency) and physical activity were also observed (All p < 0.05). This study highlights that meal frequencies and physical activity levels are associated with chronotype distribution. Furthermore, demographics, including age, marital status, employment status, and income, were associated with chronotype distribution.

Breakfast Frequency and Smoking Initiation in University Students: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Smoking causes various health problems. Limited studies have reported a clinical effect of skipping breakfast on smoking initiation among adolescents. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the dose-dependent association between skipping breakfast and smoking initiation in university students. This study included 17,493 male and 8880 female students aged 18-22 years at a national university in Japan. The association between breakfast frequency (eating every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually) and smoking initiation was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. Smoking initiation was observed in 2027 (11.6%) male and 197 (2.2%) female students over the median observational period of 3.0 and 3.1 years. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with smoking initiation in a dose-dependent fashion in male students (the adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] of eating breakfast every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually: 1.00 [reference], 1.30 [1.15, 1.46], 1.47 [1.21, 1.79], and 1.77 [1.40, 2.25], respectively). Female students skipping breakfast occasionally and often were more vulnerable to smoking initiation than those who ate breakfast every day (1.00 [reference], 1.86 [1.24, 2.78], 2.97 [1.66, 5.32], and 1.76 [0.55, 5.64], respectively). Breakfast frequency may be useful to identify university students at risk of smoking initiation who need improvement in their health literacy.

Is the frequency of breakfast consumption associated with life satisfaction in children and adolescents? A cross-sectional study with 154,151 participants from 42 countries

BackgroundThe promotion of daily breakfast consumption and the importance of making appropriate breakfast choices have been underscored as significant public health messages. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breakfast frequency and life satisfaction in large and representative samples of school-going children and adolescents aged 10–17 years from 42 different countries.MethodsThis study used information from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, comprising nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10–17 years who were attending school. The total number of participants from the 42 countries included in the study was 155,451 (51.3% girls). The evaluation of breakfast consumption in this study involved a specific question: “How often do you typically have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit juice)?”. To measure life satisfaction, a subjective assessment scale was used in the form of a ladder, visually spanning from 0 to 10. On this scale, the topmost point (10) denotes the highest conceivable quality of life, whereas the bottom point (0) represents the worst imaginable quality of life.ResultsAfter adjusting for several covariates, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was identified in those participants who skipped breakfast (mean [M] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5 to 5.8). Conversely, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those who had breakfast every day (M = 6.5, 95% CI 6.3 to 6.6). Overall, a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents was identified (p-for-trend < 0.001). In addition, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction score was identified in those participants from Portugal who had breakfast every day (M = 7.7; 95% CI 6.9 to 8.5 points). Conversely, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those participants from Romania who no breakfast (M = 3.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4 points).ConclusionsThere is a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Considering the potential health advantages associated with breakfast during this critical age phase, these findings imply the necessity for additional global efforts to promote increased breakfast consumption among children and adolescents.

Skipping Breakfast is Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in Medical Students

Background: Breakfast skipping is common in young adults, including medical students. Poor sleep quality is also common in medical students. Sleep quality and duration are important determinants of health and wellbeing. The aim of the study is to explore the novel association between medical students’ frequency of breakfast consumption with sleep quality and duration. Methods: Year 3 medical students completed a survey at the end of 2018. Data collection included demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and breakfast consumption in the month before their end-of-year clinical assessment. Results: The response rate for the survey was 76.6% (216/282). Forty-five percent of medical students skipped breakfast at least once in an average week and 56.9% of students had poor sleep quality (as defined by PSQI scores &gt; 5). There was a statistically significant association between a higher frequency of breakfast skipping and shorter sleep duration (Kendall’s tau-b, P = 0.012). Regression analysis also showed that breakfast frequency had a statistically significant impact on sleep duration (P = 0.048). Conclusion: Breakfast skipping is common in medical students. Furthermore, breakfast skipping is significantly associated with a shorter sleep duration. This knowledge could empower medical students to optimize their routines for better sleep and general health.

Food-Related Online Media (Mukbang and Cookbang) Exposure and Dietary Risk Behaviors in Korean Adolescents

BackgroundStudies have shown that prolonged smartphone use is associated with dietary risk behaviors among adolescents. However, little is known about whether the exposure to food-related online media contents, such as mukbang (eating broadcast) and cookbang (cooking broadcast), is associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors, independent of overall duration of smartphone use. ObjectivesThis study investigated the associations between the frequency of mukbang/cookbang watching and dietary risk behaviors among Korean adolescents, using nationally representative survey data. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined the data from 50,044 middle and high school students in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2022. Participants reported their frequency of mukbang/cookbang watching, mean duration of smartphone use, frequency of breakfast eating, frequency of nighttime eating, and intakes of fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and high-caffeine drinks. We performed multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between mukbang/cookbang watching and dietary risk behaviors, accounting for complex survey sampling and adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsFrequent mukbang/cookbang watching (≥5 times/wk compared with never) was positively associated with dietary risk behaviors, including frequent breakfast skipping (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.28), frequent nighttime eating (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.33, 1.54), and frequent intakes of fast foods (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.58, 1.80), SSBs (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.66), and high-caffeine drinks (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.33, 1.50), adjusting for duration of smartphone use. All mukbang/cookbang viewers, including those who perceived that mukbang/cookbang videos had “no influence” on their dietary behavior, had higher prevalence of dietary risk behaviors than nonviewers (perceived “no influence” compared with nonviewers—OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.26, breakfast skipping; OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.24, nighttime eating; OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.50, fast foods; OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.38, SSBs; OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.37, high-caffeine drinks). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that frequent mukbang/cookbang watching may be associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors among Korean adolescents.

Association between Breakfast Consumption Frequency and Chronic Inflammation in Korean Adult Males: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018.

Skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between breakfast-eating habits and inflammation, using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a marker. A total of 4,000 Korean adult males with no history of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, or current smoking were included. Data from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for analysis. The frequency of breakfast consumption was assessed through a questionnaire item in the dietary survey section asking participants about their weekly breakfast consumption routines over the past year. Participants were categorized into two groups, namely "0-2 breakfasts per week" and "3-7 breakfasts per week"; hs-CRP concentrations were measured through blood tests. Comparing between the "infrequent breakfast consumption (0-2 breakfasts per week)" and "frequent breakfast consumption (3-7 breakfasts per week)" groups, the mean hs-CRP was found to be significantly higher in the "infrequent breakfast consumption" group, even after adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides (mean hs-CRP: frequent breakfast consumption, 1.36±0.09 mg/L; infrequent breakfast consumption, 1.17±0.05 mg/L; P-value=0.036). Less frequent breakfast consumption was associated with elevated hs-CRP levels. Further large-scale studies incorporating adjusted measures of daily eating patterns as well as food quality and quantity are required for a deeper understanding of the role of breakfast in the primary prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Relationship between dietary risk factors and sedentary recreational screen time among school-age children in grades 4-6 in Baise City from 2018 to 2019

To explore the relationship between dietary risk factors and sedentary recreational screen time of adolescents. A total of 6363 pupils of Grades 4-6 from 6 primary schools in Baise were recruited with cluster-sampling method from Sep.2018 to Nov.2019. Participants were asked to report the average duration of watching television, digital devices use, intakes of sugar-sweetened beverage(SSB), snacks, fast-food, soymilk/milk product, skipping breakfast, and frequency of fruit/vegetable. We performed multivariable logistic regression to estimate OR and 95%CI for the relations between duration of sedentary recreational screen time and dietary risk factors, accounting for complex survey sampling and adjusting for potential confounders. (1)Both prolonged watching television and leisure-time digital devices use were associated with high intakes of SSBs, snacks, and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. And compared with &lt;2 h/d, two kinds of screen-time(&gt;4 h/d) was associated with significantly higher odds for intakes of fast food(watching television: OR=2.551;leisure-time digital devices use: OR=3.024), and frequent breakfast skipping(watching television: OR=1.646;leisure-time digital devices use: OR=1.674). (2)Compared with the reference groups(&lt;2 h/d), participants spending more time per day on sedentary recreational screen time were more likely to drink sugar-sweetened beverages(OR=1.717-3.272), consume snacks(OR=1.626-3.154)and less likely to consume fruit/vegetable(OR=1.526-2.251). Compared to ≤2 h/d, estimated ORs of high intakes of fast food were 2.118 for&gt;3 h/d of screen time, and 2.357 for &gt;4 h/d. Increased television viewing and digital devices use in adolescence of Grades 4-6 is associated with higher odds of consumption of sweetened beverages, snacks and lower odds of fruit consumption in Baise.

The association between breakfast frequency and diabetes incidence in middle-aged women: Results from the MTC study

Background and aimsBreakfast consumption could have a synchronizer role in chronobiological functions. Across observational studies, the assessment of breakfast frequency consumption is heterogeneous, therefore consensus on the relation between of weekly frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of diabetes is unclear. We examined the relation between weekly breakfast frequency consumption and the incidence of diabetes in middle-age women. Methods and resultsSince baseline (2006–2008) we prospectively followed 71,373 women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. Participants were classified according to breakfast consumption frequency of 0, 1–3, 4–6, or 7 days/week. Diabetes was identified by self-report and clinical-administrative databases. We used Cox proportional hazards multivariable models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breakfast frequency and diabetes adjusting for covariates. Stratified analyses were performed for age, birth weight, ethnicity, and physical activity. We identified 3613 new diabetes cases between baseline and 2014. The prevalence of daily breakfast consumers was 25%. The median follow-up was 2.2 years, interquartile range 1.8–3.8 years. Relative to women who skipped breakfast, those who consumed breakfast every day had a 12% lower risk of diabetes (multivariable HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 0.99; p-trend = 0.0018). One additional day per week of breakfast was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (HR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). In stratified analysis, the observed inverse relation appeared to be stronger in women aged ≥40 years and in indigenous women. ConclusionsBreakfast frequency was inversely associated with the incidence of diabetes independently of lifestyle factors. Regular breakfast consumption may be a potential component of diabetes prevention.

Exploring associations between eating habits, gastrointestinal health and perceived stress and anxiety symptoms in adults

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are becoming increasingly common in young people in India and globally (1). Diet (eating habits, nutrient intake, and dietary diversity) and mental health (stress and anxiety levels) factors can independently and synergistically regulate gut health through dietary modulation of gut microbiota composition and gut-brain axis-related mechanistic pathways (2-3). However, few studies have investigated the associations between diet, mental health, and GI-related disturbances. Hence, this observational study was conducted to explore the possible effects of eating behaviors and stress and anxiety symptoms on self-reported measures of gastrointestinal health among 18-45-year-old adults in India.A purposive cluster sampling method guided the recruitment of participants (n=407). Two non- consecutive day 24-hour diet recalls were conducted to estimate nutrient intakes and calculate Individual Diet Diversity (IDD) and Food Variety Scores (FVS). Gastrointestinal health was assessed using a validated instrument comprising 35 items related to gastric, small intestine, and colon function, and GI inflammation. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 scores 0 to 40 with higher scores representing higher levels of stress), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7 scores &gt;5 (mild), &gt;10 (moderate), and &gt;15 (severe)) were used to evaluate perceived stress and anxiety (4-5). Socioeconomic status and eating habits were self-reported and the anthropometry measurements were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry measurements, eating habits, and stress and anxiety levels as independent (predictor) variables, and composite gastrointestinal health risk scores as the dependent variables.Participants reported mild anxiety (mean (M) = 7.09, standard deviation (SD)= 3.25) and moderate stress (M=18.44; SD= 9.89) with preponderance among females, higher age groups (&gt; 35 years), and lower socioeconomic status. Overall, 38.8% and 45.3% were at high-risk score categories for gastric function and GI inflammation respectively. Higher energy and fat consumption, frequent breakfast skipping, and lower IDDS and FVS scores were associated with higher scores for stress and anxiety. Moreover, participants having moderate to severe anxiety reported a higher frequency of GI symptoms such as indigestion (M= 3.23 SD= 2.1-4.6, p= 0.023), excessive belching (M= 2.36 SD =1.21, p=0.043), and post-meal lower abdominal discomfort and cramps (M= 3.07, SD = 2.22, p &lt; 0.001) as compared to those having nominal/mild anxiety. Age-adjusted regression models showed higher waist circumference (OR= 4.69, 95% CI =1.33- 7.28, p= 0.034), and stress scores (OR= 1.66, 95% CI= 1.32-1.90, p = 0.042), lower IDDS (OR= 2.34, 95% CI=1.80- 2.91, p &lt;0.001) and presence of &gt; 2 co-morbid conditions (OR= 8.12, 95% CI = 5.34- 11.21, p &lt; 0.001) as predictors of higher GI disorder risk scores.The preliminary findings of the study highlight associations between diet, stress, and GI health, presenting opportunities to modulate diet and optimize mental health to prevent and reduce the severity of GI disorders.

The relationship between modifiable lifestyle behaviours and self-reported health in children and adolescents in the United Kingdom.

Obesity, along with its associated health issues, is closely tied to lifestyle habits. While certain elements affecting childhood health, such as genetics and ethnicity, are beyond individuals' control, there exists modifiable lifestyle behaviours that can facilitate healthier living. This study employed multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between specific modifiable lifestyle behaviours and self-reported health. The independent variables considered included days of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable consumption, breakfast frequency, school night sleep duration, and non-school night sleep duration. These variables were chosen for their practical modifiability within participants' daily lives. The analysis revealed a highly significant overall model (F(13,11363) = 191.117, p < .001), explaining 17.9% of the variance in self-reported health. Notably, higher MVPA levels were associated with improved self-reported health (B = 0.136 to 0.730, p < .001). Additionally, regular breakfast consumption and increased fruit and vegetable intake exhibited positive associations with self-reported health (B = 0.113 to 0.377, p < .001), while girls reported lower self-reported health (B = -0.079, p < .001). School night sleep duration was positively linked to self-reported health (B = 0.071, p < .001). Furthermore, a dose-response relationship between MVPA, dietary habits, and health was identified. These findings hold substantial potential for public health campaigns to promote healthy behaviours and prevent chronic diseases in young individuals. It is imperative to emphasise that all the variables considered in this study are readily modifiable aspects of individuals' lives, offering a promising avenue for personal health and well-being enhancement.

Evaluation of the Prime Diet Quality Score from Early Childhood Through Mid-Adolescence

BackgroundFew diet quality indices have been developed and validated for use among children and adolescents. Additionally, many available indices require completion of burdensome dietary assessments. ObjectivesWe aimed to calculate and evaluate the performance of a modified version of the food-based Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) derived from different diet assessment methods conducted at 4 time points in a single study population from childhood through adolescence. MethodsAmong 1460 child participants in the Project Viva cohort, we calculated the PDQS in early and mid-childhood and early and mid-adolescence using dietary data obtained from food frequency questionnaire (early childhood: parent report), PrimeScreen (mid-childhood: parent report; early adolescence: self-report) and 24-h recall (mid-adolescence: self-report). We evaluated construct and relative validity and internal reliability of the score in each life stage. ResultsThe PDQS showed a range of scores at all life stages and higher scores were associated with intake of many health-promoting macronutrients and micronutrients (e.g., protein, fiber, and vitamins) in early childhood and mid-adolescence. The PDQS performed similarly to the Youth Healthy Eating Index/Healthy Eating Index (Spearman r = 0.63–0.85) in various assessments. Higher PDQS was associated with expected characteristics including more frequent breakfast eating, family dinners, and vigorous physical activity; with less frequent TV viewing and fast food intake; and with more sleep and higher maternal diet scores during pregnancy. Cross-sectional associations of the PDQS with various anthropometric measurements and biomarkers were inconsistent but generally in the expected directions (e.g., higher PDQS associated with lower triglycerides and insulin and higher HDL cholesterol). Internal reliability was consistent with what has been found for other diet quality indices. ConclusionsThe PDQS can be calculated from data collected using different and brief dietary assessment methods and appears to be a valid and useful measure of overall diet quality in children and adolescents.Project Viva was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02820402.

The effect of malnutrition on students' academic performance: Roy’s model application

Purpose This study aims to enhance understanding of malnutrition's effect on academic achievement of primary school students. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive, cross-sectional design built on Roy's adaptation model (RAM). This study uses a random cluster sample, consisting of 453 primary school students. Contextual stimuli (mother's educational level, income and child’s breakfast eating) and focal stimuli (wasting, thinness, body mass index and stunting) were examined regarding adaptive responses to student’s academic achievement. Findings The investigation revealed that Model 1, which took into account factors of age, gender, the frequency of breakfast, income, the number of family members and the education of mothers, explained 12% (R2 = 0.12) of the variance in academic achievement. Stuntedness (β = −3.2 and p &lt; 0.01), BMI (β = 0.94 and p &lt; 0.001), family income per month (β = 5.60 and p &lt; 0.001) and mother's education (β = 2.79 and p &lt; 0.001) were the significant predictors in Model 2. Practical implications This study provides evidence that malnutrition is associated with ineffective academic achievement. Moreover, variables such as the mother's level of education, family income and the child’s breakfast consumption have a significant impact on academic achievements. Originality/value RAM is a useful framework for determining factors affecting people's reactions to difficult circumstances.

A mobile healthy lifestyle intervention to promote mental health in adolescence: a mixed-methods evaluation

BackgroundA healthy lifestyle may improve mental health. It is yet not known whether and how a mobile intervention can be of help in achieving this in adolescents. This study investigated the effectiveness and perceived underlying mechanisms of the mobile health (mHealth) intervention #LIFEGOALS to promote healthy lifestyles and mental health. #LIFEGOALS is an evidence-based app with activity tracker, including self-regulation techniques, gamification elements, a support chatbot, and health narrative videos.MethodsA quasi-randomized controlled trial (N = 279) with 12-week intervention period and process evaluation interviews (n = 13) took place during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents (12-15y) from the general population were allocated at school-level to the intervention (n = 184) or to a no-intervention group (n = 95). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological well-being, mood, self-perception, peer support, resilience, depressed feelings, sleep quality and breakfast frequency were assessed via a web-based survey; physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep routine via Axivity accelerometers. Multilevel generalized linear models were fitted to investigate intervention effects and moderation by pandemic-related measures. Interviews were coded using thematic analysis.ResultsNon-usage attrition was high: 18% of the participants in the intervention group never used the app. An additional 30% stopped usage by the second week. Beneficial intervention effects were found for physical activity (χ21 = 4.36, P = .04), sedentary behavior (χ21 = 6.44, P = .01), sleep quality (χ21 = 6.11, P = .01), and mood (χ21 = 2.30, P = .02). However, effects on activity-related behavior were only present for adolescents having normal sports access, and effects on mood only for adolescents with full in-school education. HRQoL (χ22 = 14.72, P < .001), mood (χ21 = 6.03, P = .01), and peer support (χ21 = 13.69, P < .001) worsened in adolescents with pandemic-induced remote-education. Interviewees reported that the reward system, self-regulation guidance, and increased health awareness had contributed to their behavior change. They also pointed to the importance of social factors, quality of technology and autonomy for mHealth effectiveness.Conclusions#LIFEGOALS showed mixed results on health behaviors and mental health. The findings highlight the role of contextual factors for mHealth promotion in adolescence, and provide suggestions to optimize support by a chatbot and narrative episodes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov [NCT04719858], registered on 22/01/2021.

Mukbang media: correlations with the dietary behavior of children and adolescents in Korea.

Mukbang, a trend originating in South Korea and gaining global popularity, could influence children's food choices and eating habits. This study analyzed the correlation between Mukbang viewing time in children and adolescents, their meal consumption frequency, nutrition quotient (NQ), and frequency of food intake. From July to August 2022, this cross-sectional study investigated upper elementary students (ages 9-11 yrs) and adolescents (aged 12-18 yrs) using an online survey. The survey items included key demographic factors, Mukbang viewing frequency and duration, frequency of main meal consumption, commonly consumed foods, and the validated NQ, which was used to assess food intake quality. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the link between Mukbang viewing and nutritional habits. Weekly Mukbang viewing time was significantly correlated with eating habits after adjusting for gender, age, physical activity frequency past week, household income, and primary caregiver's level of education. Increased Mukbang viewing time correlated with reduced frequency of breakfast (P for trend < 0.001) and dinner (P for trend = 0.012), while the frequency of eating out (P for trend < 0.001) and late-night snacking (P for trend = 0.008) increased. Higher Mukbang viewing time notably decreased scores in the moderation domain (P for trend < 0.001), in the practice domain (P for trend = 0.031), and overall NQ (P for trend < 0.001). It also significantly elevated intake of sweets (P for trend = 0.001), Korean-style street food, Western-style fast food, instant noodles, sweetened beverages, caffeinated beverages, and fruit and vegetable juices (P for trend < 0.001). This study identifies a negative correlation between Mukbang viewing and eating habits among Korean children and adolescents. The results indicate the importance of incorporating children and adolescents' media usage and environmental factors on dietary education and the development of policy programs.