Brazilian Origin Research Articles

Climate change impacts on livestock in Brazil

Brazilian livestock provides a significant fraction of the food consumed globally, making the country one of the largest producers and exporters of meat, milk and eggs. However, current advances in the production of protein from Brazilian animal origin may be directly impacted by climate change and the resulting biophysical effects. Therefore, it is strategically consistent to develop measures to deal with the resulting environmental heat stress on domesticated animal species, especially the need in developing countries. This work aims to (1) evaluate the impacts of climate change on livestock (cattle-dairy, cattle-beef, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry-general) in different regions of Brazil and (2) discuss possible response strategies, associated with animal comfort and welfare. From our results, we can draw better strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on livestock production. The results presented show an increase of high heat stress in South and Southeast and an increase of extreme heat stress in North and Central-West areas of Brazil. The rise in extreme heat stress tends to occur mostly during spring and summer and tends to vary considering the different evaluated species. Within the evaluated species, the ones that seem to be more affected by climate changes are Poultry, pigs, cattle-beef and general (temperature-humidity index value). The differences between the results for the five geographic regions in Brazil suggests that different mitigation measures need to be considered to cope with future heat stress in livestock. To ensure the long-term success of Brazil's influence on the global market for proteins of animal origin, it must achieve sustainable production systems more intensively.

Yeast diversity in Brazilian artisanal cheeses: Unveiling technologically relevant species to improve traditional cheese production

Although less studied than bacterial biota, the presence of yeast during the artisanal cheese’s production is of fundamental importance. Yeasts can prevent the growth of undesirable species in the cheese’s core and surface and actively participate in the aromatic development of these products. On the other hand, reintroducing the most abundant yeast species can help mitigate potential health risks related to artisanal production. The main objective of this study was to carry out an extensive mapping of the cultivable yeast diversity present in the central Brazilian artisanal cheeses (n = 582 cheese samples). Torulasporadelbrueckii, Candidaparapsilosis, Candidazeylanoides, Yarrowialipolytica, Debaryomycesprosopidis, and Kluyveromyceslactis were amongst the 300 clusters detected, respectively. In Canastra, Cerrado, and Serro-type cheeses, the predominant species was T.delbrueckii, while in Coalho and Manteiga cheeses, Y.lipolytica was the main species detected. The findings of this study reveal the yeast cultivable diversity present in a large set of Brazilian artisanal cheeses. Furthermore, these data can serve as a basis for promoting new Brazilian origin designation policies based on microbiological data.

Going Inside a Historical Brazilian Diamond from the Spada Collection (19th Century)

The characterization of objects of historical and cultural interest represents a crucial topic, specifically when it regards gemstones. Actually, the advanced investigation of precious minerals of gemological interest requires exclusively non-destructive analyses which are also suitable for determining their provenance when it is unknown. In this study, a non-destructive analytical protocol, previously tested on diamonds for petrogenetic studies, has been applied to a natural diamond of very high historical and gemological value, donated in 1852 by Monsignor Lavinio de ‘Medici Spada to the Museum of Earth Sciences of Sapienza University (Rome). The analytical protocol used includes X-ray diffraction topography, micro-computed X-ray tomography, single-crystal micro-X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show the presence of dislocations originating from inclusions and a very low degree of plastic deformation. The aggregation states of its N impurities show that this diamond is type IaAB, while the inclusions consist of olivine (Fo92-93), suggesting a lithospheric origin. The historical references found in the catalogs of the Museum indicate only a Brazilian origin, without any reference to the mining district. The information acquired in this study, enhanced by document research on mining in Brazil since 1700, suggests that the diamond likely comes from the district of Diamantina, Mina Gerais, Brazil.

Challenges in congenital heart disease in the Amazon region countries: A scoping review.

This study aimed to systematically analyze and describe the main challenges of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in the countries in the Amazon region. The methodology followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist utilizing the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles addressing any topic involving CHD in the Amazon region. Incomplete articles, book chapters, lectures, conference abstracts, and editorials were excluded. Nine studies were identified, 7 of which were published in the last decade and were of Colombian and Brazilian origin. The methodology of the studies was cross-sectional and ecological, evaluating the regional and epidemiological factors, challenges to diagnosis and treatment, multidisciplinary team challenges, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies carried out by surgeons demonstrate more existing data regarding the challenges of the health-care system. There is growing interest in analyzing the situation of CHD in the region. However, only a few studies are available, mostly on ecological and cross-sectional analysis. These records show the lack of hospital infrastructure and multidisciplinary teams for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD in the Amazon region; we see an initiative by specialists from two countries (Colombia and Brazil) to demonstrate the difficulties by seeking international training programs and government aid to improve the health system situation.

Effects on learning for internal audit in mitigating the risk of corruption in companies involved with the Operation Car Wash

Objective: This study aims to identify the effects on learning for Internal Audit in mitigating the risk of corruption in companies involved in the Operation Car Wash, comparing before and after the event.
 Method: This research has a qualitative approach. The population consists of seven companies, large economic groups of Brazilian origin, and with operations in various countries. The chosen sample type was non-probabilistic due to accessibility. A semi-structured interview was conducted for 6 of the respondents, and 1 unstructured interview due to presenting different characteristics from the others. The script is divided into three dimensions, totaling 41 questions, applying content analysis technique, divided into four categories, according to the theory.
 Results: The results show the main lessons learned: (i) greater focus on mitigating the risk of corruption; (ii) prioritizing investments in increasing personnel, training, and technology; (iii) improvement in the efficiency and qualification of Internal Audit; and (iv) creation of business opportunities.
 Originality/Relevance: highlighting that the organization can learn from the punishments to which they were subjected and, in some cases, formulate new growth strategies.
 Theoretical/methodological contributions: This research is relevant for linking organizational learning with the sanctions incurred by Operation Car Wash, showing that Internal Audit plays a fundamental role in the fight against corruption and the mitigation of its risks.
 Social/management contributions: Companies can use this study to develop strategically when facing any type of compliance risk.

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and LDA: a rapid, non-destructive and cost effective strategy to trace the geographical origin of Cannabis sativa L

Abstract Cannabis recreational and/or medicinal use have been legalized in the past years in many states and countries. As a consequence, many Cannabis growers and product developers have emerged in a new market throughout the world; at the same time, issues regarding questionable quality control have also risen, as several reports on Cannabis users’ health-related problems caused by inaccurate labeling content in Cannabis-based medicines, edibles or other derivatives are being published and brought out to the public’s attention. These facts make traceability methodologies crucial whether for forensic use, such as drug trafficking eradication, or for quality control purposes of legal Cannabis and of products derived from it. Hence, the objective of this study was to analyze Cannabis by means of Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) in order to assess the capability of this technique to trace the geographical origin of Cannabis cultivated in Brazil and in Colorado, United States of America. Forty-seven samples from Brazil and 18 samples from Colorado were analyzed by ATR-FTIR. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was employed to source the samples. The combination of ATR-FTIR and LDA achieved up to 95.23% accuracy in assigning Cannabis samples to their geographical locations of origin in Brazil and up to 100% in Colorado.

SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AO INDIVIDUO COM IMAM NO SERVIÇO DE EMERGÊNCIA

Objectives: To develop a proposal for the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (SAE) for patients with AMI in the emergency services. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, which aims to gather and synthesize the results of research on the theme. And it is necessary for the process of elaborating the integrative review six steps. Results: According to the search strategies, fifteen articles of Brazilian origin were identified with proposals for systematizing nursing care for patients with AMI. Conclusion: The Nursing Care Systematization (SAE) allows to map the process, as well as to verify effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses, and risks.

The Specter of Sartre in Brazilian Concrete Poetry: Paideuma, Affect, Politics, and the Question of World Literature

ABSTRACT: This essay returns to Brazilian concrete poetry's origins and conception of the paideuma. It does so in order to unearth the cardinal, yet underestimated legacy of Jean-Paul Sartre for the Noigandres group's conception of poetic form, literary engagement, and world literature. Drawing on their theoretical writings as well as those of Sartre, Martin Heidegger, Oswald de Andrade, Ernest Fenollosa and Pound, I illustrate how the French thinker configured a matrical part of what the poets deemed the cultural-morphological process. Third, against the grain of the numerous critiques that have shortchanged the concretes' participatory experiments, the essay endeavors to throw light over the intervening power of their political poetics, concluding with an assessment of Haroldo de Campos's "poemalivro," Servidão de passagem (1962). By way of a return to antropofagia, the ideogram, and the Poundian paideuma, I show how Campos's breakthrough shatters "the Sartrean dilemma" and alters the theory and practice of committed literature, configuring itself as a generative, constellatory, and mediational praxis for counterconstructing the present (H. Campos, "Respuesta" 43).

Identification of a HIV-1 circulating BF1 recombinant form (CRF75_BF1) of Brazilian origin that also circulates in Southwestern Europe.

The high recombinogenic potential of HIV-1 has resulted in the generation of countless unique recombinant forms (URFs) and around 120 reported circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Here we identify through analyses of near full-length genomes (NFLG) a new HIV-1 CRF derived from subtypes B and F1. HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase (Pr-RT) sequences were obtained by RT-PCR amplification from plasma RNA. Near full-length genome sequences were obtained after amplification by RT-PCR in 5 overlapping fragments. Phylogenetic sequence analyses were performed via maximum likelihood. Mosaic structures were analyzed by bootscanning and phylogenetic analyses of genome segments. Temporal and geographical estimations of clade emergence were performed with a Bayesian coalescent method. Through phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 Pr-RT sequences obtained by us from samples collected in Spain and downloaded from databases, we identified a BF1 recombinant cluster segregating from previously reported CRFs comprising 52 viruses, most from Brazil (n = 26), Spain (n = 11), and Italy (n = 9). The analyses of NFLG genomes of 4 viruses of the cluster, 2 from Spain and 2 from Italy, allowed to identify a new CRF, designated CRF75_BF1, which exhibits a complex mosaic structure with 20 breakpoints. All 4 patients harboring CRF75_BF1 viruses studied by us had CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte counts below 220/mm3 less than one year after diagnosis, a proportion significantly higher (p = 0.0074) than the 29% found in other patients studied in Spain by us during the same period. The origin of the clade comprising CRF75_BF1 and related viruses was estimated around 1984 in Brazil, with subsequent introduction of CRF75_BF1 in Italy around 1992, and migration from Italy to Spain around 1999. A new HIV-1 CRF, designated CRF75_BF1, has been identified. CRF75_BF1 is the 6th CRF of South American origin initially identified in Western Europe, reflecting the increasing relationship of South American and European HIV-1 epidemics. The finding of low CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte counts early after diagnosis in patients harboring CRF75_BF1 viruses warrants further investigation on the virulence of this variant.

Using the Life Cycle Approach for Multiobjective Optimization in the Context of the Green Supply Chain: A Case Study of Brazilian Coffee

This study proposes a multiobjective optimization model (MOO) based on a green supply chain so that coffee produced in Brazil could supply the North American market with lower environmental impacts and costs. Production and distribution arrangements were established considering four coffee-producing regions, three ports of origin in Brazil, four destination ports, seven roasting plants, and fifteen consumption centers, all distributed throughout the American territory. Environmental and economic performances regarding global warming potential (GWP) and costs were determined for a life cycle approach. The results indicate that coffee cultivation has the most significant contributions to the GWP of the arrangements. The transport of the product by road also plays an essential role, especially if extensive distances are covered during the port–roaster–consumer center journey in the United States. The analysis showed differences of 2.0 kg CO2eq and US$8.00 per ton of coffee between the best and worst arrangements, which can be considered significant when projected to the Brazilian annual coffee export scale. In the environmental limit condition, the optimization can lead to non-trivial results compared to the real market. The model conceived for the MOO can be improved to reproduce more realistic conditions by incorporating producer and consumer markets, inserting uncertainties.

Effect of genotype-environment interaction on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) germination, vigor index, and seed yield

The adverse edaphoclimatic conditions in the Orinoquía region affect the soybean crop cycle, deteriorating seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and their interaction (GxE) on the yield and seed quality of six soybean varieties (Corpoica Superior 6, Orinoquía 3, Soyica P34, Corpoica Taluma 5, and Agrosavia Primavera 11 of Colombian origin and Barreira of Brazilian origin) in five environments of the Orinoquía Colombia region, two in the second half of 2020 (LIBB: La Libertad and TALB: Taluma) and three in the first half of 2021 (LIBA: La Libertad, TALA: Taluma, and LEONAS), to determine their adaptation domain. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between G, E, and GxE for germination (GER) and seed yield (SY). A similar situation was shown by the vigor index (VI), although without differences between environments. The GGE biplot for GER, and SY separated environments by year halves. Taluma during the first half was the most discriminating environment for the response variables, useful for genetic breeding programs with a seed quality approach. Only in La Libertad during the second half was GER above 80%. The most stable variety per environment was Soyica P34 in two response variables, and the best with specific adaptation were Corpoica Superior 6 and Orinoquía 3. These last two reached higher average values in GER (69.6%; 63.1%), VI (13.3; 13.4), and SY (1473 kg ha-1; 1404 kg ha-1).

COVID-19 and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of People Working on Illegal Gold Mining Sites in French Guiana.

French Guiana is a French territory bordering Brazil and Suriname where the COVID-19 pandemic has severely strained the French Guianese health system. The people working on illegal gold mining sites in French Guiana, also known as garimpeiros, are mainly of Brazilian origin. Their health conditions are precarious, they live under the radar of the surveillance system and therefore, assessment of their health is quite challenging.. The objective of this study was to describe their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 and vaccination against this infection. We conducted an international multicenter cross-sectional survey between 1 March 2022 and 30 April 2022 in French Guiana and Suriname, using a structured questionnaire. Eighty persons were included, 95.0% of whom were Brazilian. Most had good general knowledge of COVID-19. Antibiotic prophylaxis had been practiced by 10.0% of participants. Forty-three people thought they had been infected with COVID-19 (53.8%). Self-medication was frequent, often with antibiotics (32.6%, mostlychloroquine, ivermectin or azithromycin) and most had not consulted a physician for symptoms of COVID-19. A majority (62.5%) had received at least one dose of vaccine. Those who were ever tested for COVID-19 were the most likely to be vaccinated (PR = 1.98, p = 0.009). Garimpeiros have a good level of knowledge about COVID-19 but the high consumption of antibiotics raises concerns about the selection of resistant bacteria. The vaccination rate was higher than that of the Guianese population. The most vaccinated individuals were those who had already taken a COVID test suggesting that these individuals had more exposure to the disease, were more health conscious, or had easier access to health centers.

1H NMR, FAAS, portable NIR, benchtop NIR, and ATR-FTIR-MIR spectroscopies for characterizing and discriminating new Brazilian Canephora coffees in a multi-block analysis perspective

Different analytical techniques, mixing single and multi-block chemometric analyses in supervised and unsupervised approaches, and the selection of variables in the coffee discrimination domain have been reported. Molecular and atomic spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, portable NIR, benchtop NIR, ATR-FTIR-MIR, and FAAS) were used to characterize and discriminate Brazilian Canephora coffees of specific producers, including two with geographical indication, and also to differentiate them from the Arabica. The sample set comprised 100 Canephora samples of different geographical origins in Brazil (Conilon from Espírito Santo, Amazonian Robusta from indigenous and non-indigenous producers of Rondônia, and Conilon from Bahia) and Arabica coffee (25 samples). ComDim exploratory multi-block analysis was first used to evaluate the contributions of all the different data blocks that characterized the samples and determine the calibration and validation sets. Multi-block discrimination by the SO-PLS-LDA was then used to validate the feasibility of discrimination, and to identify the relevant analytical techniques. The discrimination based on all the blocks presented 100% correct discrimination on training, cross-validation, and test sets, and suggested that only a single block (benchtop NIR) is needed to achieve a perfect discrimination. PLS-DA was then applied to the data from portable NIR to evaluate whether comparable performances could be achieved; all test samples were correctly discriminated with the exception of two Robusta Amazônico from non-indigenous producers and two Conilon from Espírito Santo, indicating that very accurate results can be obtained also using a portable instrument. Finally, the use of CovSel-DA allowed the discrimination to be optimized on the most cost-effective analytical technique (portable NIR). CovSel-LDA models selected the best variables for benchtop and portable NIR, impacting positively portable NIR performance and suggesting that portable NIR could bring comparable or at least only slightly worse performance than benchtop NIR for discrimination.

An Analysis of Accidents of Electrical Origin in Brazil between 2016 and 2021

Accidents caused by electricity are responsible for countless deaths and injuries of people/animals and damage to buildings and facilities worldwide. Although sufficient knowledge is available on making electrical installations safe, many countries do not have organized data on accidents of electrical origin, making it challenging to implement effective public policies to reduce the risk of accidents caused by electricity. Therefore, this research aims to present a methodology for collecting data from electrical accidents through the Google LLC alert monitor. The research methodology includes obtaining and analyzing electrical-related accident data involving electric shock, fires of electrical origin, and lightning. The application of this approach in Brazil between 2016 and 2021 validates this methodology. The analysis of this data points to a significant increase in accidents of electrical origin in the analyzed period. All categories of fatal accidents between 2016 and 2021 showed a marked increase; 10.3% due to electric shocks; 33.3%; due to lightning; 42.2% in fires caused by overload or short circuits. In the case of deaths from electric shock and lightning, more than 75% were men, and in the case of deaths from electrical fires, most were elderly and children. The analysis also includes detailed information about age and sex, the location of the accident, date, and cause. Consequently, guidelines to prevent the principal types of accidents of electrical origin from occurring could be developed.

Teachers and Parents at Odds: Results From a Survey on a Dual Language Program Implementation

Dual language education programs have become increasingly popular among elementary schools across the country. These programs are touted to represent a promise of a more equitable education for children whose parents are immigrants or whose first languages are not English. Nonetheless, these programs are also known to have appeal to monolingual English speaking families who would like their children to learn another language. Schools across the United States are starting dual language programs and recruiting teachers that have credentials to teach in these newly developed classes. However, less attention has been paid to how parents and teachers react when a new bilingual program is implemented in their schools and classrooms. In this article, we address the perceptions of teachers and parents in a newly established dual language program where the majority of students were of Brazilian origin and spoke Portuguese.

Polish citizens in Brazil

This is a presentation of Polish immigrants who came to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries, now the second biggest Polish community in the world. In my presentation, I intend to describe the reason of the emergence of the population. Then, I continue to show the history of the community in Brazil, especially in Curitiba, the “Polish’’ capital of Brazil. Next in my presentation is the situation of the population of Polish origin in Brazil. I present different organisations which are a part of this community. What is more, I also describe the Parana region as a with the biggest concentration of residents with Polish roots. I also mention how Polish traditions are cultivated.

Design thinking and egg processing units: a different proposal for a checklist for facilities and equipment maintenance self-control program

Eggs quickly lose their quality if they are not in adequate conditions during handling, and adequate control of the entire production chain is essential, considering that the introduction of contaminants can occur at any stage of production. The Self-Control Programs (PACs) aims to guarantee the hygienic-sanitary quality of products and the steps of the program include the description, implementation, monitoring, and verification, being considered fundamental in the quality management in companies that produce food of animal origin in Brazil. The checklist for maintenance of facilities and equipment proposed in this study was developed by a multidisciplinary team covering egg processing units with a production of up to 3,600 units/day. The design thinking methodology was used in this context to facilitate the search for better ideas through discussions that could develop creative thoughts in an empathic and user-centered way. The proposed list collaborated as a quality measurement instrument with simple language and applicable to the small producer. It reinforced the need to meet the prerequisites for the proper functioning of the PAC, serving as a stimulus for the search for knowledge of the quality culture, through the constant observation of the paradigm required by regulatory agencies.

Self-perceived competences by future chemistry teachers in Brazil.

In this work we have compared the self-perceived competences of future chemistry teachers who are pursuing teacher training courses in all the regions of Brazil taking the following factors into account: sex, age and Brazilian region origin. A quantitative exploration was adopted and the data were collected using the Self-Perceived Competences of Teachers in Initial Chemistry Training (SPCTICT) instrument, composed of 21 items. An exploratory factor analysis enabled grouping the items into three factors: (a) self-perception of technical competences (knowledge), (b) Self-perception of competences linked to specific aspects (know-how) and, finally, (c) self-perception of generic competences (knowing how to act or how to behave). The results demonstrate statistically significant differences among men and women on the self-perception of their own competences regarding knowledge construction in chemistry.

Correlation of TcII discrete typing units with severe chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy in patients from various Brazilian geographic regions.

Chagas disease (ChD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The genetic structure of the species is divided into seven distinct genetic groups, TcI to TcVI, and Tcbat, which have shown differences in terms of geographic distribution, biological properties, and susceptibility to drugs. However, the association between genetic variability and clinical forms of ChD has not yet been fully elucidated. The predominance of TcII and TcVI discrete typing units (DTUs) (genetic groups) is known to occur in several Brazilian regions and is associated with both the domestic and the wild cycles of ChD. Thus, this study aimed to verify the genotypes of the parasites present in 330 patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) from different Brazilian states attended at the Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School and to assess the existence of a correlation between the clinical forms with the main cardiovascular risk factors and the genetics of the parasite. All patients with CCC were clinically evaluated through anamnesis, physical examination, biochemical tests, 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and chest X-ray. Peripheral blood (5 mL) was collected in guanidine/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid from each patient for DNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chagas disease and genotyping of the parasite in the 7 DTUs. Parasite genotyping was performed using conventional multilocus PCR. Samples of only 175 patients were positive after amplification of the specific genes contained in the T. cruzi genotyping criteria. TcII (64/175), TcVI (9/175), and TcI (3/175) DTUs were predominant, followed by TcII/TcV/TcVI (74/175), and TcII/TcVI (23/175). The TcIII and TcIV DTU´s was detected in only one sample of CCC patients. Our data corroborate previous findings, indicating the predominance of the TcII genotype in patients with CCC of Brazilian origin. Moreover, this study pioneered disclosing a direct correlation between the TcII DTU and severe CCC.

Arealogical structure of flower-ornamental plants of the cultural flora of the Karshi oasis

The article presents the results of botanical and geographical analysis of the cultivated flora of the Karshi oasis. It was revealed that the assortment of flower and ornamental plants of the cultivated flora of the Karshi oasis consists of 41 species. The largest number of species comes from the Caribbean (24.3 %), Mediterranean (19.5 %), Brazilian (14.6 %) and Atlantic-North American (14.6 %) floristic regions. It has been established that xerophilic representatives of the arid regions of North America and the Mediterranean region are promising for the Karshi oasis. For a successful culture of representatives of Caribbean and Brazilian origin, it is recommended to use a seedling method of growing and plant them in open ground as early as possible.