Brassica Carinata Meal Research Articles

PSIII-21 Effects of Supplementing Carinata Meal Compared with Cottonseed Meal on Performance, Intake, and Digestibility in Backgrounding Beef Heifers Consuming a Corn Silage-Based Diet

Abstract The value of carinata, a non-food oilseed crop, has been demonstrated as a high-quality jet fuel alternative and successful cover crop in the southeastern U.S.; however, research is limited regarding carinata as an alternative for commonly used protein sources in livestock. Eighty-four Angus crossbred heifers were used in a generalized randomized block design to evaluate the effects of supplementing carinata meal compared with cottonseed meal on performance, intake, and digestibility in a backgrounding corn silage-based diet. Treatments included: corn silage only (CS), corn silage + Brassica carinata meal (BCM) at 10% (BCM10) or 20 % (BCM20) inclusion, or corn silage + cottonseed meal at 10% inclusion (CSM). Protein sources were mixed with corn silage prior to delivery and provided ad libitum, with individual intake measured using the GrowSafe system. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS. An effect of treatment was observed (P < 0.01) for final body weight (BW), average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio, where CS was least. Dry matter intake (DMI; kg/d) was greatest (P = 0.01) for BCM10 compared with CS, yet BCM20 and CSM did not differ from CS or BCM10. No effect of treatment was observed on DMI as a percentage of BW (P = 0.35) or residual feed intake (P = 0.94). Heifers receiving CSM had the greatest (P < 0.01) intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Intake of crude protein (CP; P < 0.01) was least for CS and greatest for BCM20 and CSM, with BCM10 intermediate. Digestibility of all nutrients was least (P < 0.01) for CS, and greatest (P < 0.01) for BCM20 in CP and NDF, only, where BCM10 and CSM did not differ. Digestibility of DM, OM, and ADF was less (P < 0.01) in BCM10, greater in BCM20, while CSM did not differ between BCM10 and BCM20. Carinata supplemented at 10% diet DM performed similarly to cottonseed meal in backgrounding beef heifers fed a corn silage-based diet, thereby enhancing its value in the southeastern U.S.

365 Effects of Supplementing Carinata Meal Compared with Cottonseed Meal on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Sensory Attributes in Beef Steers Consuming a Finish Diet

Abstract The value of carinata, a non-food oilseed crop, has been demonstrated as a high-quality jet fuel alternative and successful cover crop in the southeastern U.S.; however, research is limited regarding carinata as an alternative for commonly used protein sources in livestock. Thirty-two Angus crossbred steers were used in a generalized randomized block design to evaluate the effects of supplementing carinata meal compared with cottonseed meal on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat sensory attributes in a finishing diet. Treatments included: either 90% basal diet + 10% inclusion of Brassica carinata meal (BCM) or 90% basal diet + 10% inclusion of cottonseed meal (CSM), on a dry matter (DM) basis. The basal diet consisted of 40% cracked corn, 35% soyhull pellets, 5% gin trash, 5% bermudagrass hay, and 5% vitamin-mineral supplement. Treatments were premixed before delivery and provided ad libitum, with individual intake measured using the GrowSafe system. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS. Protein source did not affect (P > 0.05) final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain to feed ratio, or residual feed intake. Protein supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) initial or final evaluations of longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib fat thickness (RF), and intramuscular fat performed via ultrasound during the performance portion of the experiment. Hot carcass weight (P = 0.10) dressing percentage (P = 0.61), LMA (P = 0.33), RF (P = 0.42), yield grade (P = 0.47), and marbling score (P = 0.89) were not affected by protein source. No effect of protein source was observed (P > 0.05) on slice shear force, juiciness, beef flavor, tenderness, connective tissue, off-flavor, crude fat, thaw loss, cook loss, lightness, redness, or yellowness. The frequency of Prime (P = 0.76), upper 2/3 Choice (P = 0.71), low Choice (P = 0.46), and Select (P = 0.34) USDA quality grades did not differ with protein source. carinata meal inclusion at 10% of the diet DM performed similarly to cottonseed meal in steers fed a finishing diet, thereby enhancing its value in the southeastern U.S.

Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Brassica carinata meal hydrolysate for enhanced lipid and lutein production

Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Brassica carinata meal hydrolysate for enhanced lipid and lutein production

PSIV-B-16 Effects of Replacing Cottonseed Meal with Carinata Meal on Performance, Intake, and Digestibility in Backgrounding Beef Heifers Consuming a Corn Silage-Based Diet

Abstract The value of carinata, a non-food oilseed crop, has been demonstrated as a high-quality jet fuel alternative and successful cover crop in the southeastern U.S.; however, research is limited regarding carinata as an alternative for commonly used protein sources in livestock. Eighty-four Angus crossbred heifers were used in a generalized randomized block design to evaluate the effects of replacing cottonseed meal with carinata meal on performance, intake, and digestibility in backgrounding corn silage-based diet. Treatments included: corn silage only (C), corn silage + Brassica carinata meal (BCM) at 10% (CS-BCM10) or 20 % (CS-BCM20) inclusion, or corn silage + cottonseed meal at 10% inclusion (CS-CSM). Protein sources were mixed on an as fed basis with corn silage prior to delivery and provided ad libitum, with individual intake measured using the GrowSafe system. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS. An effect of treatment was observed for final body weight (BW; P < 0.01), average daily gain (P < 0.01), and gain to feed ratio (P < 0.01), where CS was least. Dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.01) was greatest for CS-BCM10. No effect of treatment was observed for residual feed intake (P = 0.94), time ruminating (P = 0.32), or DMI as a percentage of BW (P = 0.10). Intake of nutrients was greatest (P < 0.01) for CS-CSM, except crude protein (CP), which was least (P < 0.01) for CS. Dry and organic matter digestibility was decreased (P < 0.01) in CS but did not differ from CS-BCM10, whereas CP digestibility was greatest (P < 0.01) in CS-BCM20, and neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility was least (P < 0.01) for CS. Carinata performed similarly to cottonseed meal in backgrounding beef heifers fed a corn silage-based diet, thereby enhancing its value in the southeastern U.S.

Optimization of the Recovery of Secondary Metabolites from Defatted Brassica carinata Meal and Its Effects on the Extractability and Functional Properties of Proteins.

The sustainable extraction of secondary metabolites from Brassica agro-industrial by-products often involves the use of high concentrations of ethanol, and/or high temperatures, which tends to decrease the efficiency of protein extraction (yield, profile, etc.). To understand the limits of the combination of these two extraction processes, aqueous ethanol extraction of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds and glucosinolates) from Brassica carinata defatted meal was optimized using Response Surface Methodology. The validated models predicted that aqueous ethanol extraction of defatted Carinata meal, with a low aqueous EtOH concentration (22% EtOH) at moderate Te (50 °C), enables the efficient recovery of secondary metabolites (sinapine = 9.12 ± 0.05 mg/gDM, sinigrin = 86.54 ± 3.18 µmol/gDM) while maintaining good protein extractability (59.8 ± 2.1%) from successive alkaline extractions. The evaluation of functional properties of the resulting protein isolates revealed that aqueous extraction, under optimized conditions, improves foaming activity while preserving emulsion ability.

Characterization of dietary protein in Brassica carinata meal when used as a protein supplement for beef cattle consuming a forage-based diet.

As a novel oilseed crop in Florida, Brassica carinata has the capacity of producing high-quality jet biofuel, with a protein-dense meal (~40% crude protein; CP) obtained as a by-product of oil extraction. Characterization of the meal protein is limited, yet necessary for formulation of beef cattle diets; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine ruminal and postruminal digestibility of protein from B. carinata. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers (473 ± 119 kg) were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, in which in situ ruminal and postruminal degradability of nutrients were evaluated. The three-step in vitro procedure was used to compare CP and amino acid (AA) degradation in B. carinata meal pellets (BCM) with that of cottonseed meal (CSM), dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and soybean meal (SBM). In situ bags were incubated in the rumen for 0 to 96 hr, with the undegraded supplement remaining after 16 hr subjected to serial in vitro enzymatic solutions. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Ruminal rate of degradation of dry matter, organic matter, and CP was greatest (P ˂ 0.01; 10.9, 11.3, and 11.5 %/h, respectively) for SBM. Rumen degradable protein (RDP) content did not differ (P = 0.20; 47.8% and 55.1%, respectively) between CSM and DDGS, but was decreased (P ˂ 0.01) compared with SBM and BCM, which did not differ (P = 0.99; 72.3% and 71.8% RDP, respectively). Compared with DDGS, SBM had greater (P < 0.01) intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). Intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP) was greatest (P < 0.01) for CSM, with SBM and BCM having the least IADP. Total tract digestibility of CP (TTDP) was greater (P < 0.01) for SBM compared with CSM and DDGS. The contribution of RUP to intestinally absorbable AA was 7.2 and 3.1 g of lysine and methionine per kilogram of CP in BCM, respectively. The evaluation of B. carinata meal as protein supplemented for cattle consuming a forage-based diet resulted in 71.8% RDP and 97.1% TTDP, thus indicating its viability as a high-quality protein supplement for beef cattle.

62 Characterization of the dietary protein in Brassica carinata meal when used as a supplement for beef cattle.

62 Characterization of the dietary protein in Brassica carinata meal when used as a supplement for beef cattle.

The Impact of Dietary Brassica Carinata Meal Inclusion on the Growth, Feed Efficiency, Carcass Merit, and Lean Quality of Finishing Pigs

ObjectivesBrassica Carinata is an oilseed crop that shows potential to produce jet fuel. The byproduct remaining after the oil is extracted is a high quality protein meal. Carinata meal supplementation has been documented to improve the growth of developing heifers. However, protein meal inclusion is a rather small percentage of the supplementation of ruminants. If Brassica carinata oil production is to become cost effective, more opportunities to utilize this high protein meal by product will need to be identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact replacing soybean meal with Brassica Carinata meal (BCM) on the growth, feed efficiency, carcass merit, and lean quality of finishing pigs.Materials and MethodsOver a 42-d trial period, 30 crossbred pigs were blocked by weight and placed in 15 mixed-gender pens, each including 1 barrow and 1 gilt. Pigs were fed 1 of 3 diets: a corn soybean meal control diet (CON; n = 10), or the same diet with carinata meal replacing 25% (25; n = 10), or 50% (50; n = 10), of soybean meal. The pH of the LM and the semimembranosus muscle (SM) was measured between the 10th and 11th rib with a temperature-compensating pH meter. At 24-h postmortem, left carcass sides were fabricated into primal cuts. loins were ribbed between the 10th and 11th rib and LM area, 10th rib fat thickness, subjective marbling scores, lean color (NPPC, 2000), and lean firmness scores (NPPC, 1991) were taken at the 10th rib. Additionally, LM objective lean color (L*, a*, b*; CIE, 1978) were measured using a Minolta Chroma-Meter CR-310. LM chops were fabricated from the 10th-11th rib interface and used to record 24 h drip loss. After 7 d of storage, posterior loin section reweighed to measure purge loss. Longissimus muscle chops for Warner Bratlzer shear force analysis were cooked to internal temperatures of 71°C. LM Chops were allowed to cool then six 1.3-cm diameter cores were removed and sheared using a Warner-Bratzler shear head attached to an Instron Universal Testing machine. Longissimus muscle chops used for sensory panel evaluation were cooked using the same procedures as for Warner Bratlzer shear force. A trained sensory panel evaluated all samples for tenderness, juiciness, pork flavor intensity, connective tissue, and off-flavor and firmness.ResultsDietary treatment did not influence average daily gain (P = 0.86) or any measurement of carcass composition (P ≥ 0.17). Pigs fed 50 tended to have greater liver weights (P = 0.07) than pigs fed the CON and 25. Inclusion of BCM in the diet had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on any measurement of intramuscular pH or fat color. Chops from CON pigs tended (P = 0.09) to have greater marbling scores than chops from pigs fed experimental diets. Loin roasts from pigs fed 25 had greater 7d loin purge loss (P = 0.04) than pigs fed the other 2 diets. Boneless loin chops from CON carcasses had more reddish pink lean color scores (P = 0.003) and had lower (darker) L* values across retail display than pigs fed experimental diets. Loin chops from pigs fed 25 or 50 had greater trained sensory tenderness scores (P < 0.01), when compared to CON.ConclusionOverall, replacing up to 50% of soybean meal with BCM is a viable option for in the diets of finishing pigs. However, more research is needed to determine BCM’s impact on lean color, water holding, and tenderness.

The Impact of Dietary Brassica Carinata Meal Inclusion on the Growth, Feed Efficiency, Carcass Merit, and Lean Quality of Finishing Pigs

ObjectivesBrassica Carinata is an oilseed crop that shows potential to produce jet fuel. The byproduct remaining after the oil is extracted is a high quality protein meal. Carinata meal supplementation has been documented to improve the growth of developing heifers. However, protein meal inclusion is a rather small percentage of the supplementation of ruminants. If Brassica carinata oil production is to become cost effective, more opportunities to utilize this high protein meal by product will need to be identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact replacing soybean meal with Brassica Carinata meal (BCM) on the growth, feed efficiency, carcass merit, and lean quality of finishing pigs.Materials and MethodsOver a 42-d trial period, 30 crossbred pigs were blocked by weight and placed in 15 mixed-gender pens, each including 1 barrow and 1 gilt. Pigs were fed 1 of 3 diets: a corn soybean meal control diet (CON; n = 10), or the same diet with carinata meal replacing 25% (25; n = 10), or 50% (50; n = 10), of soybean meal. The pH of the LM and the semimembranosus muscle (SM) was measured between the 10th and 11th rib with a temperature-compensating pH meter. At 24-h postmortem, left carcass sides were fabricated into primal cuts. loins were ribbed between the 10th and 11th rib and LM area, 10th rib fat thickness, subjective marbling scores, lean color (NPPC, 2000), and lean firmness scores (NPPC, 1991) were taken at the 10th rib. Additionally, LM objective lean color (L*, a*, b*; CIE, 1978) were measured using a Minolta Chroma-Meter CR-310. LM chops were fabricated from the 10th-11th rib interface and used to record 24 h drip loss. After 7 d of storage, posterior loin section reweighed to measure purge loss. Longissimus muscle chops for Warner Bratlzer shear force analysis were cooked to internal temperatures of 71°C. LM Chops were allowed to cool then six 1.3-cm diameter cores were removed and sheared using a Warner-Bratzler shear head attached to an Instron Universal Testing machine. Longissimus muscle chops used for sensory panel evaluation were cooked using the same procedures as for Warner Bratlzer shear force. A trained sensory panel evaluated all samples for tenderness, juiciness, pork flavor intensity, connective tissue, and off-flavor and firmness.ResultsDietary treatment did not influence average daily gain (P = 0.86) or any measurement of carcass composition (P ≥ 0.17). Pigs fed 50 tended to have greater liver weights (P = 0.07) than pigs fed the CON and 25. Inclusion of BCM in the diet had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on any measurement of intramuscular pH or fat color. Chops from CON pigs tended (P = 0.09) to have greater marbling scores than chops from pigs fed experimental diets. Loin roasts from pigs fed 25 had greater 7d loin purge loss (P = 0.04) than pigs fed the other 2 diets. Boneless loin chops from CON carcasses had more reddish pink lean color scores (P = 0.003) and had lower (darker) L* values across retail display than pigs fed experimental diets. Loin chops from pigs fed 25 or 50 had greater trained sensory tenderness scores (P < 0.01), when compared to CON.ConclusionOverall, replacing up to 50% of soybean meal with BCM is a viable option for in the diets of finishing pigs. However, more research is needed to determine BCM’s impact on lean color, water holding, and tenderness.

635 Effects of solvent- or mechanically extracted Brassica carinata meal on performance of cows

635 Effects of solvent- or mechanically extracted Brassica carinata meal on performance of cows

Rumen degradation, intestinal and total digestion characteristics and metabolizable protein supply of carinata meal (a non-conventional feed resource) in comparison with canola meal

The objective of this study was to estimate nutritive values of Brassica carinata meal including rumen degradation kinetics profiles, intestinal and total digestion of each feed nutrient as well as predicted nutrients supply using the DVE/OEB system in comparison with canola meal. The nutritive value will be used for a new feed registration in Canadian Food Inspection Agency. B. carinata meal had significant higher (P<0.05) rumen degradation rate of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) than canola meal. Intestinal digestibility of bypass OM was lower (P<0.05) for B. carinata meal than those for canola meal. The value of true protein digested in the intestine predicted by the DVE/OEB system was 153g/kg DM, which was similar with that in canola meal, and B. carinata meal had a positive degraded protein balance (248g/kg DM). In conclusion, B. carinata meal had similar characteristics on most of parameters related to rumen degradation, total digestion and metabolizable protein supply with canola meal.