Branches Of Infraorbital Nerve Research Articles

Применение инъекционной формы препарата «Форвет®» в блокадах ветвей V и VII нервов головы при лечении стоматитов, гингивитов и пародонтитов различной этиологии

Oral cavity diseases are common among small domestic animals; they can be of traumatic, inflammatory, bacterial, viral or mycotic origin. Pathologic process affecting superficial as well as deep layers of mucous coat of gingivae, ligamentous apparatus, periosteal coverage develops secondary to deterioration of metabolic processes or traumas and in any case is followed by decrease of immunological status of organism as a whole as well as local immune response to introduction of pathogen. Sharp pain syndrome and inflammatory edema of tissues troubles eating and drinking which additionally weakens the animal's organism and leads to even worse course of disease. The necessity of conducting research is dictated by the lack of information concerning the use of condylar blocking using immunomodulating and antibacterial drugs as a part of complex therapy of oral cavity diseases among small pets.
 
 Clinically disease declared itself in salivation of different intensity, hyperemia, anabrosis and ulcers with festering incrustations on mucous coat of oral cavity, swelling of submandibular lymphonodus, troubled eating and drinking or complete incapability to eat or drink as a result of sharp painfullness. In such cases the use of procaine block of supramaxillary and mandibular branches of trigeminus (V) which innervates skin and mucous coat of lips, gingivae, bottom of oral cavity, front parts of tongue, hard and soft palates and notal and ventral branches of buccal nerve (VII) which innervates cheeks, lips and nose muscles, joining together along their bodies and with branches of infraorbital nerve, temporal-auricular and mental nerve, sufficiently improves the state of animal by removing pain syndrome and as a result restoring blood circulation in damaged areas.
 
 Our work describes the methodology of condylar blocking with small pets as a part of complex therapy of diseases of oral cavity. Two new methods of blocking have been developed and tested. Anatomic assessment of effectiveness of different compositions of condylar blocks with cats and dogs has been made. In our work we studied the effectiveness of drug «Forvet®» as part of complex therapy of animal diseases of oral cavity using blocks of notal and ventral branches of buccal nerve (VII), supramaxillary and mandibular branches of trigeminus (V).

VARIANTS OF THE INFRAORBITAL NERVE BRANCHING

The aim of the study was to identify the variants of location and branching of the infraorbital nerve (ION) in the infraorbital canal. Using V.P.Vorobyov macromicroscopic method, the head of 23 individuals (11 males, 12 females) ranging in age from newborn to 74 years, was dissected. It was found that ION divided into branches at the level of the inferior orbital fissure, in the beginning of the infraorbital furrow, infraorbital canal, infraorbital foramen and after its emergence from the infraorbital foramen. In some preparations, the additional infraorbital foramina were noted, containing the emerging branches of ION. In 15 preparations ION consisted of 1 trunk and divided into branches in the infraorbital foramen or 3-6 mm distal to it (the magistral type of branching). In 8 cases ION gave 2 or more trunks within the orbital cavity (the dissipated type of branching). Additional infraorbital foramina in most cases had a rounded or rounded-flattened form. The data on variants of the structure and topography of the additional infraorbital foramina are presented.

Cutaneous Innervation of Lower Eyelid

The loss of skin sensation or numbness after lower blepharoplasty is not uncommon. The aim of this study is to elucidate the infraorbital nerve (ION) and zygomaticofacial nerve (ZFN) in detail. Twenty-one hemifaces of 14 fresh Korean adult cadavers were dissected. Infraorbital nerve and ZFN came out of infraorbital foramen and zygomaticofacial foramen. They ran along superficial to the periosteum within and beneath the epimysium of the orbicularis oculi muscle and then through orbicularis oculi muscle perpendicularly and distributed to the skin. The distal branch approached to the lower border of the tarsal plate. Most terminal branches (93.8%) of ION were distributed medial to the lateral canthus. Only a few branches (6.2%) were lateral to the lateral canthus. Most (99.4%) terminal branches of ZFN were distributed lateral to the lateral canthus. Very few (0.6%) branches were medial to the lateral canthus. We conclude that the skin-muscle flap infringes less than the skin flap on the terminal branches of ION and ZFN in exposure of the orbital floor as well as in lower blepharoplasty.