Branch Of Scientific Research Research Articles

OPUS corpus toolkit for ensuring intelligent translation (case study of L1 and L2 texts of English-Ukrainian film discourse)

The article explains the concept of “translation memory” and defines it as a computer database where segments of texts of different L1 discourses are represented, as well as equivalents of these segments in L2. Computer-Aided Translation, Machine Translation and Parallel corpus toolkit are outlined as the main types of translation memory. In particular, Computer-Aided Translation is considered as the process of translating L1 text to obtain L2 by using specialized computer software. In this way, the human factor plays one of the most important missions in the process of performing Computer-Aided Translation, because the L1 text is subjected to three types of processing: pre-, inter- and post-editing. Machine Translation is viewed in a narrow sense as the process of translating a text from L1 to L2, that is performed by a computer in whole and/or in part, and in a broad sense as a branch of scientific research, that is in the focus of Linguistics, Mathematics and Cybernetics, and aims to build a system that implements Machine Translation in the narrow sense of this concept. Parallel corpus toolkit is a database with a set of L1 and L2 texts, that contains a large number of texts of different discourses, issues and topics. In addition, the attention is paid to the OPUS corpus toolkit as one of the translation memory types, which ensures the efficiency of the process of intelligent translation and is currently a free corpus system in the public domain, which contains corpora of texts from L1 and L2 to L3...Ln from numerous Internet resources and is constantly updated. The tested resource capabilities of the OPUS corpus tool have proved their effectiveness in the process of verification of one-, two-, and three-component L2 lexical constructs on the example of L1 and L2 text fragments belonging to film discourse.

Consumers’ Perception: Discovering the “Law of Attraction” in Art Using Eye-Tracking

"Today, due to new technologies and seeing the tenacity with which the branch of scientific research, especially neuromarketing, advances, it is easy to understand how they have managed to bring together topics such as fine arts and eye-tracking technology. Not only did they end up with amazing results, but those results were in line with the expectations created from the very beginning by researchers from these industries and beyond. Therefore, using eye-tracking as a market research tool, it is possible to directly track and measure the observable behavior of a visual arts consumer, analyzing both his visual attention and his eye movements. The data collected for this study resulted from the exploratory research, which involves the review of several articles and specialized studies regarding the eye-tracking subject and also from the qualitative research, represented by an in-depth interview with both Romanian art consumers and artists. It has implemented an eye-tracking test, also to gather the primary data for this present study, a tool that was available on an online platform named GazeRecorder. The results illustrate the extent to which attention and the decision-making process (to purchase a painting) affect and influence how the information present in the work of fine art is related to the composition and elements that support the artwork itself. Thus, these results, not only can help analyze a painting in a much more efficient way but can also be incorporated in the future into consultancy services for artists or may represent the basis of a more appropriate and attractive form of education in art. Keywords: eye tracking, observation, art, artwork analysis, paintings JEL classification: L31, C91 "

Концептуальні основи інституційної теорії бухгалтерського обліку

The development of accounting as a branch of scientific research is largely based on the achievements of economic theory. Therefore, it became inevitable to use in accounting the developments produced by progressive economic thought – institutional theory. The purpose of the article is to assess the state and conceptual foundations of building the institutional theory of accounting in Ukraine. Institutionalism is a direction of economic theory, the analysis of which is based on the study of economic problems in relation to social, political, ethical, legal issues. Today the institutional paradigm is successfully used in the analysis of many ideas and different areas of science. The spread and use of the provisions of institutional theory has influenced the accounting system through the study of institutes. The institutional approach significantly expands the boundaries of the study of accounting theory. Studies that characterize accounting as a social and institutional practice tend to look at it from a broad perspective through the application of practice in a social and organizational context. The use of tools of institutional theory makes it possible to analyze and recognize accounting not only in terms of technical practice used to identify existing aspects of reality or specific truth, but rather as a product of social relations. To study the state of construction of the accounting institutional concept, the main attention is paid to its separate components: subject area (basic provisions and principles), concepts and categories (institute, accounting institutional environment) and method (accounting engineering). The study allows us to state the widespread use of institutional theory for the development of accounting. Along with this, the approaches to the basic provisions are not yet fully formed, the allegations about the recognition of accounting as a socio-economic institution are controversial.

Challenges, opportunities and paradigm of applying big data to production safety management: From a theoretical perspective

Big data has caused the scientific community to re-examine the scientific research methodologies and has triggered a revolution in scientific thinking. As a branch of scientific research, production safety management is also exploring methods to take advantage of big data. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the application of big data in production safety management. First, four different types of production safety management paradigms were identified, namely small-data-based, static-oriented, interpretation-based and causal-oriented paradigm, and the challenges to these paradigms in the presence of big data were introduced. Second, the opportunities of employing big data in production safety management were identified from four aspects, including better predict the future production safety phenomena, promote production safety management highlight relevance, achieve the balance between deductive and inductive approaches and promote the interdisciplinary development of production safety management. Third, the paradigm shifting trend of production safety management was concluded, and the discipline foundation of the new paradigm was considered as the integration of data science, production management and safety science. Fourth, a new big-data-driven production safety management paradigm was developed, which consists of the logical line of production safety management, the macro-meso-micro data spectrum, the key big data analytics, and the four-dimensional morphology. At last, the strengths (e.g., supporting better-informed safety description, safety inquisition, safety prediction) and future research direction (e.g., theory research focuses on safety-related data mining/capturing/cleansing) of the new paradigm were discussed. The research results not only can provide theoretical and practical basis for big-data-driven production safety management, but also can offer advice to managerial consideration and scholarly investigation.

Russian academic schools of journalism as a part of the global research and educational process

The article is devoted to the problem of the study and popularization of the Russian research and educational schools of journalism. The analysis was made on the opinions of the representatives of the leading Russian universities that prepare journalists. The author makes a conclusion about the applicability of the concept “research and education school” to the Russian journalism research practice. The author also states the importance of popularization of the unique domestic experience of research and educational activities in journalism. The Russian school of political journalism is considered as an example of a research and educational school that possesses the characteristics necessary for recognition in the Russian and international academic environment. It has established research areas under the supervision; educational programmes of the appropriate specialisation; programmes of postgraduate and doctoral studies and corresponding Dissertation Councils; and research journals that publish the results of research in the relevant fields. There is a detailed study of the contribution of the St. Petersburg research and educational school of political journalism to the development of the national journalistic education and the corresponding branch of scientific research. Among the achievements of the researchers of the School of Journalism and Mass Communications of the St. Petersburg State University, the author refers to: development of a conceptual apparatus and definition of the content of the research field devoted to political journalism; introduction of a special academic discipline of the political science of journalism into the curricula of future journalists of; the master’s program in “Political Journalism” and defending of the candidate and doctoral dissertations in “Journalism” with the awarding of academic degrees in political science; the publication of a course book “Political Journalism” for high schools; the implementation of research projects on the relevant issues; thematic conferences; and publishing collections of research papers in political journalism.

Bridging the Gap between Translational and Outcome Research in Cardiovascular Disease

Bridging the Gap between Translational and Outcome Research in Cardiovascular Disease

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Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>Taddei's image is linked to that branch of scientific research that was born in the first half of the nineteenth century, from the interaction of chemistry and physiology. Taddei's studies were a such and so many that it is difficult to put them into a specific branch of research. His works concerning relation of live and inanimate nature become in scientific terms the study of the interaction of organic and inorganic substances. Taddei graduated in medicine and immediately began his research in chemistry at the Accademia of Georgofili. The first works were about the composition of manure and the relation between these and the composition of soil and plants. The studies about glutin are linked to the researches on the chemical composition of foods. His work concerning wheat meal and cereals brought Taddei to discover two distinct substances, « gloiodina » and « zimoma », in the glutin. During his research on glutin and about the possibility of some mercury salts breaking the fermentation of the meals, he observed some interesting phenomena that shifted his attention to toxicology. The interest of Taddei not only about pure science but applied science too, allowed him to obtain results recognized both in Italy and in foreign countries. His researches concerning glutin led him to discover in that substance the property to operate as an antidote towards a dreadful poison: the corrosive sublimate. Taddei's glutin became the best antidote towards the corrosive sublimate after the albumen of Orfila (considered the phomoter of Toxicology). The controversy about the effectiveness of these antidotes is linked to the treatment of a very diffuse disease, syphilis. The syphilitic disease had been treated for many years with drugs containing the corrosive sublimate and the major part of the patient were poisoned by this substance.

The Place of X-ray Crystallography in the Development of Modern Science

VON LAUE'S discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals effectively provided science with a new eye with which to see the ultimate arrangement of the nuclei and electrons of solid matter. It is true that X-ray analysis does not show atoms and electrons to the eye in the way that a microscope does; the process of interpretation is more complicated, but it is essentially analogous. In an ordinary optical instrument the interference of rays from luminous points is used to build up the optical image by means of a lens system. In X-ray analysis the interference pattern is taken and interpreted mathematically instead of optically to give the nature of the object observed, so that it is just one step farther removed from our inherited mechanism for appreciating the external world. Now we have had this new eye only seventeen years, and although it has shown many marvellous things and enabled us to build for the first time a picture of the intimate structure of solid matter, we cannot believe that it has more than begun to be used. Many more important discoveries are bound to follow from it, and it has still to find its place as an essential instrument in every branch of scientific research. The object of this article is to point out what can already be seen of its possibilities and how it is likely to affect science in the near future. The Three Forms of Information from X-ray Diffraction Apart from the knowledge given on the nature of X-rays—which was of such critical importance in the discovery of atomic numbers and in the verification of Bohr's quantum theory of radiation—the diffraction of X-rays by crystals yields information about three grades of fine structure of matter. Ultimately the diffraction of X-rays is due to the interaction of the radiation with the electrons in the atoms of matter, and so the deepest information it can give is on the position of the electrons in the individual atoms, or, more correctly, information as to the average distribution of density of negative electricity. Here it is most closely related to pure physics and leads to the possibility of the complete description of the state of any piece of matter. But without going nearly so deeply, X-rays can show the position of the maxima of electrical density, that is, the position of each kind of atom, in a regular crystalline structure. It is in this field that the chief work of X-ray crystallography has been done. It is faced with the extensive problem of determining all the different possible types of atomic arrangement in solid substances, which has such a clear bearing on chemistry.

Phenological Observations and Results in Russia

PHENOLOGICAL studies are not a new branch of scientific research in Russia; they have, indeed, a long history.

Theology and Ethics of the Hebrews Syria and Palestine

THE increasing number of popular books on early Semitic history and sociology marks the ever-widening interest taken in this branch of scientific research, especially as far as the results of modern Old Testament criticism are concerned. The writer of a popular handbook undertakes a serious responsibility; it is for him to weigh carefully the arguments for and against all important theories, and to set before the general reader a fair and unbiassed account of what he considers to be the certain and indubitable results of the labours of scholars. In all matters of Biblical criticism hie must hold a middle course between the servile acceptance of traditional belief on the one hand, and a system of drastic and monotonous emendation on the other. Above all must he keep himself severely aloof from ephemeral hypotheses, for he is writing for the uncritical layman and not for the discriminating expert. Theology and Ethics of the Hebrews. By Archibald Duff, Professor of Old Testament Theology, Yorkshire College, Bradford. Pp. xvii + 304. (London: John C. Nimmo, Ltd., 1902.) Syria and Palestine. By Lewis Bayles Paton With Five Maps. Pp. xxxvi + 302. (London: John C. Nimmo, Ltd., 1902). Both in the “Semitic Series.” Each 5s. net.