Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Values Research Articles

Performance analysis of Single-Cylinder CI Engine with Turmeric Leaf Oil Biodiesel at Different Operating Conditions

Biodiesel, made from vegetable oils, non-edible oils, and animal fats, is a promising diesel alternative. The performance of a single-cylinder diesel engine using turmeric leaf oil biodiesel is examined in this study. Three biodiesel blends—B10, B20, and B30—were tested against diesel fuel. The highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 24.84% and the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.28 kg/kWh were achieved using diesel fuel at 600 bar injection pressure, 18 compression ratio, and full engine load. With the same operating conditions, biodiesel blends B10 (23.84% and 0.29 kg/kWh), B20 (23.38% and 0.32 kg/kWh), and B30 (23.22% and 0.34 kg/kWh) had BTE and BSFC values.

Investigation and impact assessment of soybean biodiesel, methyl oleate, and diesel blends on CRDI performance and emissions

In the present study, a binary biofuel blend was prepared by blending soy methyl ester (SME100) and methyl oleate (MO) SME50-M50 with diesel. The physiochemical properties of blended fuels were also investigated. The performance and emissions characteristics of all fuel blends were estimated using a common-rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. The outcomes demonstrate a reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) when enriched biodiesel is used in comparison to SME100, nonetheless by the virtue of viscosity and heating value there is an increase in the BSFC value when compared to diesel. The average BSFC values were obtained as 5.3% (E25), 10.6% (E50), 17.5% (E75), 30% (SME100) and 14.9% (SME50-M50) higher than that of diesel. BTE was found to be highest for E25 and lowest for SME100 among all the blends. NOx emissions with blended biodiesel were slightly higher than diesel on account of MO being unsaturated, resulting in shorter ignition delay. The average NOx values obtained were higher than that of diesel and the corresponding values are 2.91% (E25), 4.1% (E50), 5.8% (E75), 8.3% (SME100) and 15.8% (SME50-M50). As a result of the increased oxygen content of the fuel, the concentrations of UHC and CO depreciated with the rise in concentration of soy methyl ester and MO (SME50-M50). Currently, Euro 6.2, which is the most recent emission regulation, uses 10% biofuel (B10); however, the results of this study establishes that E25, as an alternate fuel, complies with the contemporary engines without requiring any engine modifications.

Genetic Optimization for Engine Combustion System Calibration: A Case Study of Optimization Performance Sensitivity to Algorithm Search Parameters

Abstract The use of genetic optimization algorithms (GOA) has been shown to significantly reduce the resource intensity of engine calibration, motivating investigation into the development of these methods. The objective of this work was to quantify the sensitivity of GOA performance to the algorithm search parameter values, in a case study of engine calibration. A GOA was used to calibrate four combustion system control parameters for a direct-injection gasoline engine at a single operating condition, with an optimization goal to minimize brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for a specified engine-out NOx concentration limit. The calibration process was repeated for two NOx limit values and a wide range of values for five GOA search parameters, including the number of genes, mutation rate, and convergence criteria. Results indicated GOA performance is very sensitive to algorithm search parameter values, with converged calibrations yielding BSFC values from 1 to 14% higher than the global minimum value and the number of iterations required to converge ranging from 10 to 3000. Broadly, GOA performance sensitivity was found to increase as the NOx limit was decreased from 4500 to 1000 ppm. GOA performance was the most sensitive to the number of genes and the gene mutation rate, whereas sensitivity to convergence criteria values was minimal. Identification of one set of algorithm search parameter values which universally maximized GOA performance was not possible as ideal values depended strongly on engine behavior, NOx limit, and the maximum level of error acceptable to the user.

A novel approach to study the effect of motor silk-added pyrolysis tire oil on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

In this experimental study, the usability of pyrolyzed tire oil (PRO) supplemented with motor silk (MS) as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was evaluated. For this purpose, PRO, euro diesel (ED) and MS were tried in a single cylinder engine by mixing in different proportions as standard diesel fuel (ED100), EPRO10 (10% PRO + 90% ED), EPRO20, EPRO30, EPRO10MS1 (1% MS + 99% EPRO10), EPRO20MS1 and EPRO30MS1 fuels with different loads (500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500-Watt) and at constant engine speed (3600 rpm). With the data obtained from the experiments, engine performance and exhaust emission values were examined and compared. According to the results of the experiment, it was determined that the addition of 30% PRO into the ED increases the exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) without any change in the engine fuel system. With the addition of MS, an average of 9% reduction was achieved in BSFC values in all fuels. In the case of working with EPROMS fuels, it has been determined that emissions of smoke, hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are decreased, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are increased. Compared to the EPRO30 fuel, the EPRO30MS1 test fuel released an average of 23.561% less HC emission. The highest NOx emission value was determined as 285 ppm at 1500-W load with EPRO20MS1. According to the experimental results, it was observed that the use of MS increased the brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) values and decreased BSFC values. The increase in the BTHE values of EPRO10MS1 was found to be approximately 2.184% when the average of all loads was compared to the engine reference fuel (ED100).

Catalytic effect of metal based nanoparticles on emission and vibration analysis of diesel engine

In current study, exhaust emission, vibration and noise features of diesel engine with addition of metallic based nanoparticles into diesel fuels were investigated experimentally. Various nanoparticles called as silver (II) nitrate (AgNO3), manganese (II) nitrate hydrate (Mn(NO3)2. xH20) and nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) were used as an additive to diesel fuel at 25 ppm and 50 ppm dosing level so as to obtain six different fuel samples. Diesel engine with air-cooled and a single cylinder were utilized for engine tests altering engine speed from 1200 to 2800 rpm at the intervals of 400 rpm. The results demonstrated that of the nanoparticle addition did not remarkably affect the physicochemical features of the diesel test blends. But, the addition of nanoparticles slightly raised viscosity, cetane number and the heating value of test fuels especially, at the higher nanoparticle concentrations. In all experiments, with nanoparticle added blend fuels, CO, HC, NOx emission values and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) declined in parallel with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. In addition, it was shown that the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and vibration characteristics of the engine block also decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration of test fuels. As a result, AgNO3 addition to diesel fuel has an effective role in both reducing emission and vibration values and reducing BSFC values.

Investigation of performance and exhaust emissions of a chromium oxide coated diesel engine fueled with dibutyl maleate mixtures by experimental and ANN technique

Oxygenated fuel additives and thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications are noteworthy subjects that may reduce the exhaust emission levels and improve the performance of vehicles. In this study, the exhaust emission and performance characteristics of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) coated single cylinder diesel engine fueled with dibutyl maleate (DBM) blends were investigated. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) which had the ability to reduce experimental repeats, cost and time loss was designed and its performance was examined. Piston crown and valves of diesel engine were treated with chromium oxide. Experiments were carried out with DBM3, DBM6, DBM9 blends that contain 3%, 6%, 9% by volume of DBM, respectively. The results indicated that carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), smoke density, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values reduced in the isolated engine (IE) whereas nitrogen oxide (NOX), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and engine vibration (EV) values increased compared to standard engine (SE). The addition of DBM reduced CO, HC, smoke density, EGT, and engine vibration whereas NOX and BSFC values increased in both IE and SE. Consequences of ANN revealed that exhaust emission and performance attributes of an engine can be estimated with high accuracy.

Biogas engine performance estimation using ANN

Artificial neural network (ANN) method was used to estimate the thermal efficiency (TE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and volumetric efficiency (VE) values of a biogas engine with spark ignition at different methane (CH4) ratios and engine load values. For this purpose, the biogas used in the biogas engine was produced by the anaerobic fermentation method from bovine manure and different CH4 contents (51%, 57%, 87%) were obtained by purification of CO2 and H2S. The data used in the ANN models were obtained experimentally from a 4-stroke four-cylinder, spark ignition engine, at constant speed for different load and CH4 ratios. Using some of the obtained experimental data, ANN models were developed, and the rest was used to test the developed models. In the ANN models, the CH4 ratio of the fuel, engine load, inlet air temperature (Tin), air fuel ratio and the maximum cylinder pressure are chosen as the input parameters. TE, BSFC and VE are used as the output parameters. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficient (R) performance indicators are used to compare measured and predicted values. It has been shown that ANN models give good results in spark ignition biogas engines with high correlation and low error rates for TE, BSFC and VE values.

Numerical Comparison of HHO and HHOCNG Fuel Performance Analysis with Pilot Diesel Injection

Nowadays, alternative fuels usage is increasing due to limited oil reserves and increasing petrol demands. There are many advantages and disadvantages of alternative fuels when used alone. In this study, alternative fuels with various specifications are mixed in different proportions to tolerate these disadvantages. Hydroxy (HHO) and hydroxy enriched compressed natural gas (HHOCNG) fuel mixtures with pilot diesel injection was used as dual-fuels on a non-modified diesel engine and investigated their performance parameters such as torque (T), power (P), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and volumetric efficiency (ηv). This study conducted with AVL Boost simulation program and all graphs are plotted to compare HHO and HHOCNG fuel mixtures performance outputs, additionally all results are compared with neat diesel performance values. The general results show that, HHOCNG enrichment has the best improvement values with respect to single HHO enrichment. Overall improvements for BSFC, torque, power and IMEP values of 25 HHOCNG are 4,086%, 1.67%, 4.13% and 3.67%, respectively.

Biodiesel: Sustainable Energy Replacement to Petroleum‐Based Diesel Fuel – A Review

AbstractBiodiesel is a sustainable and renewable source of fuel. It has been considered as a comparable substitute to petro‐diesel, which is a fast depleting resource. Many studies have been undertaken on biodiesel production from various feedstock as a result of its importance. The differences between the physico‐chemical properties of biodiesel and petro‐diesel were considered with the aim of justifying the applicability of biodiesel in compression ignition engines (CIE). It was established that biodiesel has relatively close BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) values with petro‐diesel, hence, is suitable for CIE operation without any modification. The exhaust from CIE using biodiesel was lower compared to petro‐diesel and this confirms the environmental friendliness of biodiesel. The catalyst being an important substance in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil/animal fat to produce biodiesel was comprehensively discussed, and heterogeneous catalysts were established to be preferred due to several advantages over homogenous catalysts. This paper reviews biodiesel production, prospects, benefits and challenges as a replacement for petrol diesel.

Effects of antioxidant additives on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl ester–diesel blend

An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the effect of antioxidants on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with B20 (20vol.% canola oil methyl ester and 80vol.% diesel fuel blend). The four synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), were tested on a Land Rover turbocharged direct injection (TDI) 110 type diesel engine with water cooled, 4-cycl and 4-cylinder. The addition of antioxidants to B20 did not cause any negative effect on basic fuel properties of B20. According to engine performance test results, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of B20 with antioxidants decreased compared to those of B20 without antioxidants. A 1000ppm concentration of TBHQ was optimal as BSFC values were considerably reduced (10.19%) in the whole engine speeds when compared to B20. EHN antioxidant with B20 presented the best mean oxides of nitrogen (NOx) with a reduction of 4.63%. However, formation of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions has been increased with addition of each of the antioxidants to B20.

Influence of injector hole number on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

In diesel engines, fuel atomization process strongly affects the combustion and emissions. Injector hole number (INHN) particular influence on the performance and emissions because both parameters take important influence on the spray parameters like droplet size and penetration length and thus on the combustion process. Therefore, the INHN effects on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends were experimentally investigated by running the engine at four different engine loads in terms of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) (12.5, 25, 37.5 and, 50 kPa). The injector nozzle hole size and number included 340 × 2 (340 μm diameter holes with 2 holes in the nozzle), 240 × 4, 200 × 6, and 170 × 8. The results verified that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission increased, smoke opacity (SO), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions reduced due to the fuel properties and combustion characteristics of biodiesel. However, the increased INHN caused a decrease in BSFC at the use of high percentage biodiesel–diesel blends (B50 and B100), SO and the emissions of CO, HC. The emissions of CO2 and NOx increased. Compared to the original (ORG) INHN, changing the INHN caused an increase in BSFC values for diesel fuel and low percentage biodiesel–diesel blends (B5 and B20).

The effect of ignition timing and methanol gasoline blends on the performance and emissions of the spark ignition engine

The automobile has changed a lot since the first horseless carriage to the gasoline-powered vehicles. The automobile has changed when the roads became paved and the fuel consumption in the gasoline engine forms a major portion of total petroleum consumption in the automobile industry. This work interweaves the study of experiments on the four-cylinder carburettor-type gasoline engine to cue the performance and emission characteristics by advancing the ignition timing from 10° to 30° BTDC using gasoline methanol blends as fuels in the ratios of 5% to 15% at an interval of 5% on volume basis. The effects of varying the engine working parameters such as ignition timing, brake power, brake thermal efficiency are observed and the variation of different engine emission parameters with the exhaust gas analyser is also observed. For M5, the brake-specific fuel consumption values decreased and brake thermal efficiency increased For M15, exhaust emission values decreased.

An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of a methane–hydrogen fuelled gasoline engine

Abstract In this paper, the performance and emission characteristics of a conventional twin-cylinder, four stroke, spark-ignited (SI) engine that is running with methane–hydrogen blends have been investigated experimentally. The engine was modified to realize hydrogen port injection by installing hydrogen feeding line in the intake manifolds. The experimental results have been demonstrated that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with the increase of hydrogen fraction in fuel blends at low speeds. On the other hand, as hydrogen percentage in the mixture increased, BSFC values decreased at high speeds. Furthermore, brake thermal efficiencies were found to decrease with the increase in percentage of hydrogen added. In addition, it has been found that CO 2 , NO x and HC emissions decrease with increasing hydrogen. However, CO emissions tended to increase with the addition of hydrogen generally increase. It has been showed that hydrogen is a very good choice as a gasoline engine fuel. The data are also very useful for operational changes needed to optimize the hydrogen fuelled SI engine design.

The impact of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

In this study, the effects of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine have been discussed. The engine was fueled with biodiesel–diesel blends when running the engine at four different fuel injection pressures (18, 20, 22, and 24MPa) and four different engine loads in terms of mean effective pressure (12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50kPa). The results confirmed that the BSFC, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen (O2) emission increased, smoke opacity, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased due to the fuel properties and combustion characteristics of biodiesel. On the other hand, the increased injection pressure caused to decrease in BSFC of high percentage biodiesel–diesel blends (such as B20, B50, and B100), smoke opacity, the emissions of CO, UHC and increased the emissions of CO2, O2 and NOx. The increased or decreased injection pressure caused to increase in BSFC values compared to original (ORG) injection pressure for diesel fuel and low percentage biodiesel–diesel blends (B5).