Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensator Research Articles

Performance Analysis of Gaussian Apodized Fiber Bragg Grating (GA-FBG) Dispersion Compensator for a Long Haul Optical Fiber Link

This examination gives a complete analysis of the GA-FBG, a generally involved grating for dispersion compensation across a 150 kilometer optical link, from each point. The essential objective of this study is to distinguish how long the GA-FBG can work as an independent dissemination reimbursement gadget and how well it acts in various compensation settings. In this review, the GA-FBG is utilized as an option in contrast to the exorbitant Dispersion-Reimbursing Fiber inside the association to give a more safe optical link. The investigation delves into three specific compensation methods and studies the GA-FBG grating boundaries in light of the relative abundance of real imperatives associated with a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) in the design phase. Using a Piece Blunder Rate analyzer to examine the streamlined links' exhibition highlights allows us to evaluate their productivity. Results show that the GA-FBG exhibits a common dispersion compensation adequacy when the link's channel boundaries are tuned. Using gearbox over distances easily exceeding 500 km, the balanced compensation strategy delivers a remarkable Q-factor respect. Utilizing OptiSystem programming, we validate the proposed system's functional viability. The results of our study indicate that the GA-FBG is capable of efficiently counteracting dispersion, leading to an optical link that is both more economical and effective, with significant potential for extended transmission ranges.

Characteristics of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensator Utilizing Two Apodization Profiles

Characteristics of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensator Utilizing Two Apodization Profiles

Integrated C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier and dispersion compensation module with negligible pump power penalty

Conventional dispersion compensation requires erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with high pump power to compensate for excess losses introduced by the dispersion-compensating fiber. We report and demonstrate an optimized single-pump amplifier configuration with a pump power penalty of less than 5% when integrated with a fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator. The system is capable of compensating 100 km of G.652 single-mode fiber.

Optimization of the apodization strength of linearly chirped Bragg gratings for span dispersion compensation

We present an optimization process for the apodization strength factor of fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensators. It will be demonstrated that a proper choice of the apodization strength factor results in minimum deviation of the dispersion from the required level, maximum reflection bandwidth and minimum group delay ripple impact, thus leading to a reduction of the Q-factor penalty of the dispersion compensating system. We also discuss the influence of the fiber link length in the determination of the optimum apodization strength factor, taking into account that shorter links minimize the group delay ripple amplitude, whereas the longer ones maximize the bandwidth of interest. It is determined that a fiber link length of ∼80 km can balance the requirements of group delay ripple impact and bandwidth. The results obtained through this analysis allow a faster modeling of the Bragg grating parameters in order to achieve an improved spectral performance, as well as a cost-effective fabrication process.

A tunable four-channel fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator

A tunable four-channel dispersion compensator is achieved using fiber Bragg grating technology and applying a temperature gradient along the grating. Any dispersion from -370 to -1420 ps/nm could be obtained.

Characteristics of Gaussian pulses transmitting in the G.652 fiber with FBG dispersion compensation

AbstractThe compression characteristics of a Gaussian pulse with varied chirp and pulse width are obtained by theoretical analysis and experiments. The compensation effects are diverse, even with the same chirped optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dispersion compensator, and the optimal dispersion compensation length is related to the position of the FBG. At present, in most of transmission systems, the signal from the lasers are Gaussian pulses, thus an analysis of its broader characteristics, before and after it is reflected from the FBG, will be significant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 480–484, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11095

Fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator by single-period overlap-step-scan exposure

We theoretically demonstrate that a high-quality fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator can be fabricated by a properly designed single-period overlap-step-scan exposure method. A practical design example and a detailed tolerance analysis of this new fabrication method are given.

Design optimization of chirped sampled Bragg grating for dispersion compensation

Analytical expressions for the output pulse broadening and eye-diagram power penalty of a chirped sampled Bragg grating (CSBG) dispersion compensator are derived. The result is applied to optimize the design of residue dispersion ratio in each channel and the total channel number of a fixed-length CSBG. The optimal residue dispersion ratio does not change when the channel number changes. The filter-induced pulse distortion will induce an additional eye-diagram power penalty and will give an upper limit for the channel number of 40-G+ systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 171–174, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10267

Design optimization of chirped sampled Bragg grating for dispersion compensation

AbstractAnalytical expressions for the output pulse broadening and eye‐diagram power penalty of a chirped sampled Bragg grating (CSBG) dispersion compensator are derived. The result is applied to optimize the design of residue dispersion ratio in each channel and the total channel number of a fixed‐length CSBG. The optimal residue dispersion ratio does not change when the channel number changes. The filter‐induced pulse distortion will induce an additional eye‐diagram power penalty and will give an upper limit for the channel number of 40‐G+ systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 171–174, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10267

Analytical expression and system simulation of eye opening penalty for chirped sampled Bragg grating dispersion compensator

This paper discusses the impairment of bandwidth cutoff and group delay jump effects to eye opening penalty of chirped sampled Bragg grating dispersion compensator at 10 and 40 Gb/s theoretically. Both analytical and numerical simulation results show that bandwidth cutoff effect is the main reason for deterioration of eye opening penalty, while group delay jump effect is negligible. Cascaded transmission simulations also show that bandwidth cutoff effect does not cause the penalty deterioration apparently when span number increases.

Fabrication of electron beam generated, chirped, phase mask (1070.11–1070.66 nm) for fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator

We report on the fabrication of a chirped, phase mask that was used to create a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) device for the compensation of chromatic dispersion in longhaul optical transmission networks. Electron beam lithography was used to expose the grating onto a resist-coated quartz plate. After etching, this phase mask was used to holographically expose an index grating into the fiber core [K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1035 (1993)]. The linear increase in the grating period, “chirp,” is only 0.55 nm over the 10 cm grating. This is too small to be defined by computer aided design and a digital deflection system. Instead, the chirp was incorporated by repeatedly rescaling the analog electronics used for field size calibration. Special attention must be paid to minimize any field stitching and exposure artifacts. This was done by using overlapping fields in a “voting” method. As a result, each grating line is exposed by the accumulation of three overlapping exposures at 1/3 dose. This translates any abrupt stitching error into a small but uniform change in the line-to-space ratio of the grating. The phase mask was used with the double-exposure photoprinting technique [K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau, B. Malo, T. Kitagawa, S. Thériault, D. C. Johnson, J. Albert, and K. Takiguchi, Opt. Lett. 19, 1314 (1994)]: a KrF excimer laser holographically imprints an apodized chirped Bragg grating in a hydrogen loaded SMF-28 optical fiber. Our experiments have demonstrated a spectral delay of −1311 ps/nm with a linearity of +/−10 ps over the 3 dB bandwidth of the resonant wavelength of the FBG. The reflectance, centered on 1550 nm, shows a side-lobe suppression of −25 dB. Fabrication processes and optical characterization will be discussed.

257 km transmission at 10 Gbit/s in non-dispersion-shiftedfibre using anunchirped fibre Bragg grating dispersion compensator

Error-free dispersion compensation at 100 Gbit/s in non-dispersion-shifted fibre has been achieved at 1.54 /spl mu/m using fibre Bragg gratings that require no chirp. The new design provides one third more dispersion compensation per unit length than chirped grating compensators and greatly simplifies the manufacture of fibre Bragg grating dispersion compensators.

Increasing the transmission distance of a directlymodulated laser with a chirpedfibre Bragg grating dispersion compensator

The dependence of dispersion penalty on transmission length has been investigated in an optical communications system employing a directly modulated 2.5 Gbit/s DFB laser source and a fibre grating dispersion compensator. The 2 dB penalty transmission distance is ~520 km along standard monomode fibre, representing a great improvement over the 150 km range expected for a similar uncompensated system.

Chirped in-fibre Bragg grating dispersion compensators:Linearisation of dispersion characteristicand demonstration of dispersion compensationin 100 km, 10 Gbit/s optical fibre link

An apodised chirped in-fibre Bragg grating that has a linear dispersion characteristic is reported. The frequency components of an optical pulse (centre wavelength 1551 nm; 10 GHz bandwidth) incident on the grating are reflected with a relative delay that varies linearly from 0 to 130 ps across the spectral width of the pulse. The dispersion compensator is used to correct for the dispersion in a 100 km link (nondispersion shifted fibre) operating at a 10 Gbit/s transmission rate and a wavelength of 1551 nm.