Photonic Crystal Fiber Research Articles

Optical Fiber Bragg Grating As A Temperature Sensor

The optical fibre sensor (OFS) has become quite well-known and prominent in the sensor technology industry. It is often used to react to outputs from other systems, like those in industrial, monitoring, and chemical analysis applications, and to detect changes in the environment. A Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) is a device that allows light to be reflected from a short section of optical fiber at a specific wavelength, while the Bragg reflector expands and transmits all other wavelengths. The current effort focuses on the evolving characteristics and behaviors of strain and temperature sensors operating on fiber bragg gratings through computer modeling. The temperature sensor is employed to detect and quantify any variations in temperature on the Fiber Bragg Grating that could result in accidents or fires. This will show how the Fibre Bragg Grating may be used to showcase temperature sensors.

Ultra-short pulse: A comprehensive way of sensing pure solvents through hollow core photonic crystal fiber sensor

Chemicals like acetone, ethanol, hexane, isopropanol, and hexanol are essential components of our daily routines, serving critical functions in various industries and medical settings. Therefore, it is essential to perform thorough examinations to identify any contamination in these substances, which is crucial for preserving their high quality and confirming their appropriateness for different uses. The detection of these chemicals is done using a novel approach utilizing ultra-short pulses passed through Hollow-Core-Photonic Crystal Fiber based sensor. The fiber characteristics including the non-linear and dispersion parameters are used to sense the change in shape of the ultra-short pulse as the pulse travels through the HC-PCF. By implementing this approach, we've attained distinctive levels of compression sensitivity and power upsurge for the samples tailored to each specific input setup. A minimum compression sensitivity has been recorded as 24.5 % when the input power was 600W, resulting in an outstanding power upsurge of 719 W.

Tapered photonic crystal fiber based on artificial intelligence-design for pulse compression

In this study, we employ a deep neural network(DNN) to achieve rapid prediction of dispersion and effective mode area in Pb-silicate photonic crystal fiber. Subsequently, this prediction model is used to drive a particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm to design tapered Pb-silicate photonic crystal fibers for pulse compression. The designed fibers exhibit an increasing nonlinear index profile, enabling self-similar pulse compression(SSPC) of pulses at a wavelength of 2μm. In compliance with fundamental soliton conditions, a 0.566 m tapered PCF achieves notable pulse compression. It reduces the initial pulse width of 1.76 ps to 52 fs, achieving a remarkable compression factor of 33.92, while maintaining a quality factor of 1.01 and less than 5.4% pedestal energy. In scenarios where fundamental soliton conditions are not met, a 1.74 m tapered PCF also achieves significant compression. It compresses a pulse with a width of 1.76 ps and a peak power of 1 kW to a pulse width of 13.7 fs and a peak power of 24.82 kW, resulting in a compression factor of 129. The proposed approach overcomes the empirical reliance inherent in manual design and significantly reduces computational demands, enabling the design of pulse compression fiber tapers tailored to input pulse shapes.

Generation and Manipulation of High-Order Orbital Angular Momentum in Helically Twisted Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Filling Polyglycerol

Generation and Manipulation of High-Order Orbital Angular Momentum in Helically Twisted Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Filling Polyglycerol

Ethanol-infiltrated circular photonic crystal fiber for low peak power supercontinuum generation from near-infrared to mid-infrared region

Ethanol-infiltrated circular photonic crystal fiber for low peak power supercontinuum generation from near-infrared to mid-infrared region

Development and engineering application of fiber bragg grating intelligent cable in large-span hyperbolic parabolic spatial cable network

In order to accurately control the prestress force of cables in long-span cable net structures, a new type of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) intelligent cable was developed. The FBG sensor was directly encapsulated inside the cable, and the sensing performance of the intelligent cable was verified by the cyclic tensile tests. The results show that the sensitivity coefficients of FBG monitoring are basically consistent, and the linearity deviation of the fiber Bragg grating is less than 4.67 %. Based on a real project Shunde Desheng Sports Center, a 114 m long-span saddle-shaped cable net structure model was established using finite element analysis, and the distribution and correlation of internal forces of cables in different tension stages were calculated and compared with the actual monitoring results of intelligent cables. The analysis results indicate that the force changes of intelligent cables is basically consistent with the value of finite element simulation. According to the data of long-term intelligent cable monitoring, the change of cable force caused by the temperature deformation of the steel ring beam is much greater than the influence of the temperature rise and fall of the cable itself on the cable force. Intelligent cables can provide a reference for cable force monitoring of long-span cable net structures.

Generating tunable picosecond pulses at 900 nm directly from the all-fiber structured parametric oscillator

In this work, we present an all-fiber structured parametric oscillator capable of directly generating pulses within the 900 nm wavelength range. Leveraging the four-wave mixing effect within photonic crystal fibers, the oscillator converts the 1030 nm pump light into two distinct sidebands centered at 900 nm and 1250 nm. Employing time-dispersion-tuning techniques, we achieved a remarkable continuously tunable wavelength range spanning 60 nm, from 865 nm to 925 nm. These pulses exhibited a pulse width of 3.2 ps and a peak power of 500 W at 900 nm, with a repetition rate of 30.6 MHz.

ALL-OPTICAL LOGIC GATE OPERATION WITH A MULTI-CORE NONLINEAR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER

In this paper, we propose the design of a photonic crystal fiber with four central cores infiltrated by a high-index liquid to achieve highly efficient control of light guidance. We analyze the field distribution, effective mode area, and dispersion characteristics of the fundamental guided modes of the fiber. Within the coupled-mode theory, the pulse propagation in the fiber is governed by coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We use the split-step Fourier method to simulate the propagation of pulses numerically. The results show three features of the dynamics: oscillation, switching, and self-trapping. We predict that the fiber could operate as a logic-gate device by introducing suitable input and control signals.

Highly sensitive SPR based PCF sensor for broader analyte detection range including blood compositions detection

In this manuscript, a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based sensor working on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) concept, which is polished at both the sides and consisting of semi-circular grooves is presented for the detection of a broad range of analytes with refractive index (RI) from 1.17 to 1.40. Also, the analysis is carried out for the diagnosis of different blood compositions such as water, plasma, white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (HB) and red blood cells (RBCs). Plasmonic material gold is coated in the semi-circular grooves, which causes the strong SPR effect due to reduced distance between core and analyte resulting in excellent detection of the analytes. Thus, the optimum wavelength sensitivity and resolution in the case of broad analyte range detection with RI from 1.17 to 1.40 is obtained as 13000 nm/RIU and 7.7×10−6 RIU respectively. Also, blood composition detection using the proposed sensor results in excellent sensing performance with the maximum wavelength sensitivity for hemoglobin-RBCs as 11,500 nm/RIU with finer resolution of 8.69×10−6 RIU.

Highly universal sensitive star core photonic crystal fiber (S-PCF)-based sensor for both chemical and biomedical applications

Highly universal sensitive star core photonic crystal fiber (S-PCF)-based sensor for both chemical and biomedical applications

Impact of organic compound-based stimulated Raman scattering in large mode area photonic crystal fiber

Impact of organic compound-based stimulated Raman scattering in large mode area photonic crystal fiber

Improving the sensitivity of a plasmonic photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor by introducing an array of nanoscale gold rods

Improving the sensitivity of a plasmonic photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor by introducing an array of nanoscale gold rods

Propagation dynamics of hollow Gaussian pulse in photonic crystal fiber

Propagation dynamics of hollow Gaussian pulse in photonic crystal fiber

Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Used for Two Parameter Sensing for Magnetic Field and Temperature

This paper presents a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor that can be used to measure the temperature and magnetic field simultaneously, and to monitor the changes in them in the environment. When we designed the fiber structure, two circular channels of the same size were added to the fiber to facilitate the subsequent addition of materials. A gold film is added to the upper channel (ch1), and the channel is filled with a magnetic fluid (MF). The sensor can reflect changes in the temperature and magnetic field strength. The two channels containing MF and PDMS in the proposed fiber are called ch1 and ch2. The structure, mode and properties (temperature and magnetic field) were analyzed and discussed using the finite element method. By using the control variable method, the influence of Ta2O5 or no Ta2O5, the Ta2O5 thickness, the diameter of the special air hole, the distance from the fiber core and the distance between them in the displacement of the loss spectrum and the phase-matching condition of the coupling mode were studied. The resulting maximum temperature sensitivity is 6.3 nm/°C (SPR peak 5), and the maximum magnetic field sensitivity is 40 nm/Oe (SPR peak 4). Because the sensor can respond to temperature and magnetic field changes in the environment, it can play an important role in special environmental monitoring, industrial production and other fields.

Chalcogenide Ge20Sb5Se75 photonic crystal fiber with seven air-hole rings for ultraflat mid-infrared supercontinuum generation

Supercontinuum (SC) generation in solid-core circular photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) made of Ge20Sb5Se75 is numerically analyzed. A large core is projected to increase light coupling efficiency into selected PCFs as well as raise coupling to standard silica fibers. High nonlinear coefficient and near-zero flat dispersion allow ultraflat SC spanning 1.5–4.6 μm in an all-normal dispersion regime. This requires 3 kW of peak power with 180 fs of pulse duration. The fiber with one zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) generates SC bandwidth in the range of 1.54–7.39 μm at 3.5 μm using peak power of 10 kW. For the same input power, the SC spectral covers from 1.39 to 7.36 μm in 10 cm of fiber with two ZDWs. These are wider SC bandwidths than those of previous chalcogenide fibers reached with lower peak powers. Therefore, the proposed Ge20Sb5Se75 PCFs are excellent candidates for the broadband ultraflat mid-infrared SC spectra used in high-speed nonlinear imaging and frequency measurement.

Floral-core terahertz photonic crystal fiber bio-sensor: An exclusive approach to recognizing milk from various animal species

In this article, an advanced-level type of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensor, having a flower shape core with a unique hexagonal cladding, is proposed. Performance for detecting is evaluated in various animal's milk, such as camel, cow, and buffalo milk, with the suggested PCF sensor. The maximum Relative Sensitivities (RS) of the PCF sensor are 88.2 %, 88.5 %, and 88.8 % for detecting camel milk, cow milk, and buffalo milk, respectively. Moreover, it has a negligible Confinement Loss (CL) of 2.04018402 × 10−14 dB/m and Total Loss (TL) of 2.1520000 × 10−01 dB/m and Effective Material Loss (EML) of 0.21520 cm−1. Since Milk is as great source of nutrients such as Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Phosphorus and Protein. The nutrient composition of different animals' milks and their respective quantities are determined by set values at the beginning and differ among the types of milk. As all of them hold the same tone, it becomes challenging to identify them. Our suggested PCF sensor comes with its remarkable detection capacity to identify them. Therefore, the use of suggested PCF sensor will be helpful for both the industry and consumers. For the industry, it aids in ensuring the quality and composition of animal milk. For consumers, it means they can trust that the milk they purchase has been accurately tested and verified for its nutrient content and safety. With the implementation of the PCF sensor, the industry can better ensure the quality and authenticity of animal milk, reducing the risk of fraud and helping consumers make more informed choices about the milk they consume. This contributes to better assurance of proper nutrient intake.

Dual-Polarization SPR Sensor of U-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Coated with Au-TiO2

Dual-Polarization SPR Sensor of U-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Coated with Au-TiO2

Advanced dermatological diagnostics: high sensitivity performance and low losses for THz photonic crystal fiber biosensing solutions for skin cancer

Advanced dermatological diagnostics: high sensitivity performance and low losses for THz photonic crystal fiber biosensing solutions for skin cancer

Dual-window polarization filtering characteristics of rectangular photonic crystal fibers

This paper presents a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) polarization filter with a square array arrangement of gold film fillings, allowing for filtering at dual wavelengths. The paper analyzes the dispersion characteristics and loss properties of this structure and optimizes the structural parameters through adjustments to achieve the best performance. At 1310 nm, the confinement losses of x and y polarization fundamental modes are 903.54 dB/cm and 30.51 dB/cm, respectively; at 1640 nm, the confinement losses of y and x polarization fundamental modes are 479.02 dB/cm and 88.72 dB/cm, respectively. The corresponding filtering bandwidths are 390 and 350 nm, while the full width half maximum (FWHM) is 59.56 nm, indicating excellent selectivity and resolution of the filter. The performance metrics, such as confinement loss, extinction ratios, and bandwidth, are compared in the paper with those reported for other filters. Additionally, the study also analyzed the filter’s performance under varying manufacturing tolerances of gold film thickness and air hole diameter by 5%, revealing that the filter’s performance remains stable and feasible even in the presence of errors.

Single vector mode transmission in hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber based on surface mode coupling effect

Single vector mode transmission in hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber based on surface mode coupling effect