Brackish Water Fish Research Articles

Water Quality Monitoring and Control System for Tilapia Cultivation Based on Internet of Things

This research analyzes the quality of water for tilapia habitat which is a type of brackish water fish that is currently widely cultivated by pond farmers. This fish is the choice because of its flexibility regarding habitat. However, despite having flexibility in terms of habitat, each harvest of tilapia that lives in a different habitat will produce tilapia with different quantity and quality. Currently, many tilapia farmers still carry out the cultivation process using traditional methods using ponds. Kuala Kerto Village, Lapang District, North Aceh is one of the locations where many tilapia fish farmers use ponds as a habitat for this fish. Not infrequently, changes in natural conditions such as rain and floods have an impact on tilapia fish ponds in this village. Thus, crop yields are very varied, often even resulting in losses. One of the reasons for this is that there is still minimal use of technology in tilapia cultivation in this village. The design of a water quality monitoring and control system for IoT-based tilapia cultivation in this research was carried out to help the problems of tilapia pond farmers. Through this research, a tool was produced in the form of a prototype IoT device that can be used to monitor and control water quality in tilapia fish ponds. This device utilizes several sensors such as turbidity sensors, ammonia sensors, salinity sensors, pH sensors, and several other sensors as data takers which will later be transmitted and displayed via a web application. Research and development of this device uses the RD method, namely research and development.

Study of Hepatosomatic Index, Gonadosomatic Index and Fecundity of Tengra Fish (Mystus gulio)

The tengra fish (Mystus gulio) is an important commercial species found in the coastal regions of West Bengal, India and Bangladesh. M. gulio is an important species within its ecosystem and has significance in local fisheries. Its adaptability to both freshwater and brackish environments makes it a resilient species. This study investigated the hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), and fecundity of M. gulio to better understand its reproductive biology. Specimens were collected monthly from the Meghna River estuary between February and June 2023. The GSI was found to be highest in August (9.95±0.15%), indicating the peak spawning season. The HSI showed an inverse relationship with GSI, being lowest in March. Fecundity ranged from 88,495 to 264,104 eggs, with a mean of 171,581±17,855. Fecundity was positively correlated with total length, body weight, and gonad weight. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in GSI and HSI between sexes and age groups (virgin vs 1+ year). Regression models showed that fecundity was highly dependent on gonad weight (r2=0.809) compared to length (r2=0.047) and weight (r2=0.216). M. gulio is an important brackish water fish with good taste and nutritional value. While it is optimally exploited from the East Coast of India, its culture potential is being explored through polyculture experiments and research on seed production and farming techniques. These findings provide valuable insights into the reproductive dynamics of M. gulio and can inform management strategies for sustainable fisheries. However, further research is needed to fully understand the reproductive biology of this catfish across its range to inform sustainable management strategies.

Longitudinal distribution of fish fauna and characteristics of indicator species in the East Seto Inland Ecological Region within the Japanese Archipelago

Understanding biota distribution patterns is essential for ecosystem conservation and restoration. In addition to biogeography, the distribution patterns of aquatic organisms that inhabit rivers vary longitudinally along river networks. Although longitudinal changes in distribution patterns in aquatic organisms along river networks have been studied in single river basins, it is crucial to understand these patterns at a regional ecological scale for broad-scale ecosystem conservation. This study aimed to elucidate the longitudinal distribution patterns of fish fauna and their correlation with environmental factors in several watersheds within the East Setouchi Ecological Region, renowned for its rich freshwater fish diversity in the Japanese archipelago. Data were obtained for 118 species across 10 watersheds and 85 sites, and the surveyed sites were classified into four longitudinal groups based on the similarity of the fish fauna. The lowest group comprised river estuaries, abundant in brackish-water fish, comprising primarily Gobiidae species. In lower watershed areas with low agricultural land and forest cover but high urbanization, all fish species selected as indicators were non-native. Upstream areas with a high percentage of agricultural land featured a mix of native Cyprinidae and non-native species such as Micropterus salmoides and Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus. The most upstream groups, marked by significantly greater elevations and bed slopes, exclusively comprised native species as indicator species. Analyzing the longitudinal distribution patterns of fish fauna at multiple sites within the same ecological region enabled us to choose endemic fish species as indicators and identify important species for conservation. Additionally, the selection of sites characterized by significant urbanization and strong anthropogenic influences, along with the selection of non-native species as indicators, underscores the urgency of conserving native organisms in these areas, calling for continuous monitoring.

Impact of Salinity on Growth and Physiological Responses of Striped Catfish Pangasionodon hypophthalmus Fingerling

Background: A 90-day experiment was conducted to study the impact of salinity on growth and physiological response of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus fingerling at the Brackish water fish farm of Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Kakinada Centre, Kakinada, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Method: The study used different salinities condition such as 0 (control), 5 (T1), 10 (T2) and 15 (T3) ppt. Fingerlings (8.47±0.46 g) were gradually acclimatized to different salinities in 1000 l fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks, in triplicates and fed with a commercial feed (crude protein 30%). Result: Growth indicators such as specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FRR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) revealed that growth and survival were negatively affected above 10 ppt salinity. Significantly higher amylase and protease activities were observed up to 10 ppt group. In contrast, significantly higher cortisol (97.71±1.94 ng/ml) and glucose (113.32±2.66 mg/dl) levels in the blood were recorded in 15 ppt group. Overall, the study proved that P. hypophthalmus can be cultured in low saline water (up to 10 ppt) without affecting its growth and physiological homeostasis.

Comparison of the Proximate Composition of Liver and Muscle Tissue Contents in Freshwater and Brackishwater Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

The purpose of the study was to examine the closely related composition of freshwater and brackish fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The fish was brought to the lab and sacrificed for further research. The muscle and liver tissues were processed for moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate and lipids estimations. The outcomes of the current study showed that the moisture (77.09%), ash (0.78%), protein (195.72mg/gm), lipids (23.07mg/gm) and carbohydrate (15.84mg/gm) content were higher in freshwater fish when compared to brackish water fish. Protein (205.19mg/gm), lipids (3.25mg/gm) and carbohydrate (0.42mg/gm) content were higher in freshwater fish when compared to the liver of brackish water fish. Brackish water fish’s proximate composition in muscle and liver was protein, lipids and carbohydrates are significantly (P<0.05) decreased as compared with freshwater fish. As a result, the chemical composition of fish from brackish water sources has been affected by brackish water ecosystems and, at the same time, the dry matter content, in protein and protein as well as the declared carbohydrate and fat content have been reduced.

Length–weight relationships and condition factors of five fish species from the coastal region of West Bengal, India

AbstractThe present study presents the length–weight relationships of five brackish water fish species from the coastal region of West Bengal for which this relationship not known to the present time, including Stigmatogobius sadanundio, Brachygobius nunus, Microphis cuncalus, Butis melanostigma and Puntius vittatus. The slope (b) value of the regression ranges between 2.551 and 3.319, with high correlation values (r2 ≥ .943). The relative condition factor (Kn) was also calculated, being >1.0 for all species examined in the present study, indicating of the overall condition of the fish species.

Dietary stable isotope analysis on fifth–ninth century AD populations of Lepna and Viidumäe, Saaremaa Island, Estonia

This paper presents the results of dietary stable isotope analyses performed on Migration Period (450–550 AD) and Pre-Viking Age (550–800 AD) populations of Lepna and Viidumäe, Saaremaa Island, Estonia. To date, research on dietary stable isotope analysis in Estonia has mainly focused on populations from other historical periods with an exclusion of material from the fifth to ninth centuries AD. Moreover, the research has been mainly conducted on populations from mainland Estonia, with three Stone Age groups from Saaremaa Island previously studied. The results of this paper suggest that the individuals buried at Lepna and Viidumäe had a diet of mainly terrestrial resources with minimal input from fresh- or brackish-water fish and marine resources. These results are supported by previous zooarchaeological material from Saaremaa, as well as additional analysis of the animal bones found in the Lepna grave. Although the dietary isotope values of Lepna and Viidumäe are similar to previous Estonian data from the Bronze Age (1750–500 BC) up to the Medieval Period (1225–1550 AD), the isotope values of these two populations show variations from the data collected from Iron Age sites in Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland thus far.

Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Enzyme Producing Microbial Flora in Relation to Feeding Behaviour in Some Brackishwater Teleosts

Estimation of digestive enzyme activity, isolation and enumeration of aerobic microbial flora from the gastrointestinal tract of five brackishwater fish species (Mugil cephalus, Liza macrolepis, Mugil Lade, Chanos chanos, Lates calcarifer and Oreochromis mossambicus) of different feeding habits were carried out. The herbivorous (M. cephalus, C. chanos, M. Lade and L. macrolepis) and omnivorous (0. mossambicus) showed marked protease activity, whereas moderate protease activity was recorded in carnivorous L. calcarifer. In the herbivorous and omnivorous fish species the concentration of amylase was moderate to high. A very weak amylase activity was recorded in L. calcarifer. Cellulase activity has been found to be more pronounced in C. chanos, whereas, 0. mossambicus, M. cephalus, M. fade and L. macrolepis showed only moderate cellulase activity. Cellulase activity was weak in L. calcarzfer. Proteolytic, amylolytic, lipolytic and cellulolytic microflora were identified from the culture plates using selective media. The isolates were qualitatively screened on the basis of their extracellular enzyme producing ability. The selected isolates were further quantitatively assayed for protease, amylase and cellulase activities. Proteolytic activity was high in 0. mossambicus, whereas the activity of amylase and cellulase was high in the gastrointestinal tract of C. chanos. Protease activity was exhibited by almost all the bacterial isolates. Maximum activity of protease was exhibited by an isolate from L. macrolepis, followed by an isolate from L. calcartfer. Isolates isolated from 0. mossambicus and C. chanos exhibited high cellulase and amylase activity. Study indicated a distinct microbial source of the digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and cellulase) apart from endogenous sources in fish gut.

Galvanized material is a promising approach to control Amyloodinium ocellatum infection in fishes

Amyloodinium ocellatum is a worldwide distributed dinoflagellate that infects marine and brackish water fish, causing mass mortality and economic loss. This study evaluated the efficacy of the seawater immersed with galvanized materials (IGM seawater) in controlling A. ocellatum reinfection in susceptible host Trachinotus ovatus. Furthermore, the toxicity of IGM seawater to the dinospores infectivity, tomonts development, and trophonts parasitism was determined in Acanthopagrus latus. The expression of zinc transporters in A. latus gills and livers was also detected after A. latus exposure to IGM seawater. The results revealed that parasite abundances on infected T. ovatus were significantly decreased in the seawater immersed with 0.1 m2/m3 of galvanized iron mesh for 2 days ([0.1–2 d] group) or galvanized iron plates with a 56.25% tank coverage for 1 day ([56.25% - 1 d] group). Besides, the survival rates of the infected T. ovatus in the [0.1–2 d] and [56.25% - 1 d] group were 100% on the 14th-day post-infection, while 0% in the control group. The infectivity of dinospores was significantly inhibited in the seawater immersed with 0.4 m2/m3 of galvanized iron mesh for 2 days ([0.4–2 d] group) by 89.50%. In addition, the reduction of trophonts in the [0.4–2 d] group was 46.24% compared to the control group. However, the hatching rate of tomonts in the seawater immersed with 0.4 m2/m3 of galvanized iron mesh for either 1, 2, or 3 days was 100% at 48th hr post-treatment. At the same time, the zinc ion concentrations in the IGM seawater group were continuously increased. On the contrary, the mRNA levels of zinc transporters ZIP7 and ZIP11 in the liver of A. latus exposure to IGM seawater were significantly down-regulated. Therefore, A. latus acclimatizes to a high‑zinc environment by reducing zinc ions influx to maintain intracellular zinc homeostasis. These results imply that using galvanized material is a promising approach to controlling A. ocellatum infection in fish.

Individual and combined acute toxicity of nanoparticles exposed to brackish water fish pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis)

Individual and combined acute toxicity of nanoparticles exposed to brackish water fish pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis)

SDS-PAGE protein profile of albumin extracted by steaming from four marine and three brackish-water fishes

Abstract. Fatma N, Metusalach, Taslim NA, Nurilmala M. 2023. SDS-PAGE protein profile of albumin extracted by steaming from four marine and three brackish-water fishes. Biodiversitas 24: 4027-4033. Snakehead fish is a type of fish that has been known as the best source of fish albumin. However, the increasing demand for and exploitation of snakehead fish albumin is not accompanied by the availability of sustainable snakehead fish stocks. Snakehead fish stocks in nature continue to experience depletion and cultivation efforts that have been carried out so far have not yielded satisfactory results. For this reason, it is necessary to find alternative sources of fish albumin. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight of the albumin proteins extracted by water bath steaming from four marine fishes (Indian scad Decapterus russelli, short-bodied mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma, goldband fusilier Pterocaesio chrysozona, Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus) and three brackish-water fishes (white-lipped eel catfish Paraplotosus albilabris, barramundi Lates calcarifer, milkfish Chanos chanos). The method used was Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. Each sample was steamed in a water bath at 50°C for 30 minutes to obtain the crude extract's optimal yield and albumin content. The molecular weights of each protein band were analyzed using the Photocapt application, visualized and tabulated, and analyzed descriptively. Indian scad had six protein bands with three major (48 kD, 37 kD, 32 kD) and three minor bands (66 kD, 25 kD, 15 kD). Shortbodied mackerel had one major protein band (26 kD). Goldband fusilier had one major (33 kD) and four minor bands (50 kD, 69 kD, 57 kD, 26 kD). Japanese threadfin bream had one major (62 kD) and three minor bands (171 kD, 72 kD, 26 kD). White-lipped eel catfish had two major (41 kD, 34 kD and two minor bands (70 kD, 26 kD). Barramundi had one major (26 kD) and two minor bands (171 kD, 87 kD). Milkfish had one major (41 kD) and four minor bands (333 kD, 135 kD, 31 kD, 25 kD). It is hoped that this research will provide information on which fish have the potential as a source of fish albumin in terms of protein composition which resembles snakehead fish so that the properties provided are as good as albumin from snakehead fish.

Metals and Metalloid Concentrations in Fish, Its Spatial Distribution in PPC, Philippines and the Attributable Risks.

Fish is an important source of protein in human meals around the world. However, the fish that we are eating may be contaminated with toxicants such as metals and metalloids (MMs), which may pose health risks to consumers. Information on MMs content in fishes and their potential spatial distribution scenarios would provide knowledge to the community to create strategies and protect human health. Hence, this study assessed and determined the health risk levels of MMs in both brackish and marine water fish (BMF) in Puerto Princesa City (PPC), Palawan Province, Philippines. PPC has an existing abandoned open mine pit near the PPC coastline called the "pit lake". The concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, and Zn in fishes were analyzed using portable Olympus Vanta X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF), and the spatial distribution of MMs concentrations in BMF was analyzed using a GIS (geographic information system). Fishes were sampled from fishing boat landing sites and nearby seafood markets. The results revealed that the concentration of MMs in marine fish was generally higher than the brackish water fish. It was recorded that the Hg concentration in marine water fish meat was higher than in brackish water fish meat. The Mn concentration in marine water fish exceeded the permissible limits set by international bodies. An elevated concentration of Mn in BMF was detected across the northern part of PPC, and an elevated concentration of Hg in marine fishes was recorded in the southeast area, where the fish landing sites are located. Ba was also detected in BMF across the southern part of PPC. Moreover, an elevated concentration of Cu was detected in MBF in the northeast and in marine fish in the southeastern area of PPC. Further, this paper elaborates the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of these fishes to the PPC population and tourists with respect to the MMs content in fish meat.

Nutritional composition of three commercially important brackish water fish species recorded from Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka

Fish is a high-quality animal-source food in the nourishment of millions worldwide. The most edible part of the fish is the muscle and which provides a proper balance of proximate and non-proximate nutrition and has a relatively low caloric value than other meats. The present study aimed to fill the gaps in the nutritional profile of three brackish water fishes (<em>Arius maculatus</em>, <em>Mugil cephalus </em>and <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) sourced from Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka. The study was conducted from November 2019 to February 2020 and fish were sampled from Kallady, Kattankudy and Arayampathy fish markets. The nutritional compositions such as moisture content, protein content, fat content and ash content of epaxial muscles of selected fishes were analyzed with standard methods. The moisture content was high among the fish muscles ranging from 56.73 ± 5.96% to 81.48 ± 2.52%. The protein content of A. <em>maculatus</em>, M. <em>cephalus </em>and O. <em>niloticus </em>muscles ranged as 15.36 ± 1.62%, 17.33 ± 1.96% and 13.7 ± 1.55% respectively. Amidst the selected fishes, O<em>. niloticus </em>is a lean fish (1.27 ± 0.35%) while A<em>. maculatus </em>(3.20 ± 0.59%) and M<em>. cephalus </em>(2.43 ± 0.37%) are low-fat fishes based on the muscle lipid content. The ash content of A. <em>maculatus</em>, M. <em>cephalus </em>and O. <em>niloticus </em>ranged from 1.22 ± 0.15% to 1.77 ± 0.45%, respectively. All the measured proximate parameters were significantly different (<em>P</em>-value &lt; 0.05%) among the three fish species. The results of this study revealed that the A. <em>maculatus </em>contains the highest value of lipid and ash content while O. <em>niloticus </em>contains higher amount of moisture content. The M. <em>cephalus </em>can considered as a good source of animal protein compared to the other two fish species.

Role of Natural Food in Enhancing the Productivity of Saline Nile Tilapia in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Segara Anakan Lagoon, Brackish Water Culture

Saline Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775) polyculture systems in brackish water culture require natural food to sustain their brackish water fish production. Brackish water culture of Saline Nile Tilapia is developed to improve the productivity of abandoned shrimp or crab pond. At present, there are no studies examining the potential of natural food to improve the productivity of these polyculture systems in the brackish water pond located in Tritih Kulon Village, Cilacap, Central Java. To assess the availability of this food source, the diversity and abundance of plankton in the water body were evaluated through analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze plankton diversity in the water body and the relationship between plankton abundance as a natural feed and saline Nile Tilapia productivity in the brackish water polyculture. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were identified according the plankton characteristic available in the references. The results showed that 21 planktons, comprising 12 phytoplankton species and 9 zooplankton groups, were identified. In spite of low plankton diversity, however, this study proved that the plankton abundance positively supported Saline Nile tilapia productivity in the polyculture system with milkfish, as indicated by low mortality (17,5 ±8,59 %; R2= 0.825-0.908), absolute high weight gain (208.2 ± 22,5 gr; R2= 0.881-0.874), and high specific growth (2,28 ± 0.77 % day-1; R2= 0.87-0.91). The productivity of Saline Nile Tilapia in brackish water polyculture with milkfish is supported by the availability of natural food, with 5.95 to 18.50% of their gut content obtained from plankton.

Comparison of Size Distribution of Fish Obtained from Gill Netting and the Distributions of Echoes from Hydroacoustics in Lake Dejguny (Poland)

A procedure is proposed to assess the impact of various relationships found in the literature and is used to convert acoustic target strengths (TS) to fishes’ total length (TL) with respect to the compatibility of fish length data obtained from vertical hydroacoustics and gillnets. The study used one set of data collected with a 120 kHz echosounder across the mesotrophic, dimictic Lake Dejguny. Four general multi-species TS–TL relationships were tested for the maximum dorsoventral characteristic: (1) a relationship developed using mainly West Atlantic marine and brackish water fish for various frequencies, (2) a relationship developed using fish from the Salmonidae, Percidae, and Cyprinidae families at 120 kHz, as well as the relationship shown by two generalized equations for representatives of (3) the Cyprinidae family (200 kHz) and (4) the Percidae family (200 kHz). In addition, two other equations were developed for (5) perch (Perca fluviatilis) and (6) roach (Rutilus rutilus). The procedure for selecting the most appropriate TS–TL ratio began by determining the TS threshold that would eliminate small fish that were ineffectively caught with gillnets. Depending on the TS–TL relation, the threshold ranged from −48.5 dB to −45.5 dB, and the corresponding TL was in the range of 62.3–93.0 mm. Then, using linear regression, the relationship between the percentage of caught fish organized in length classes (TL), whose boundaries were determined using the tested TS–TL relationships, and the share of fish recorded acoustically in the corresponding TS classes (with a 1.5 dB interval) was examined. The fit of the regression model to the data (percentage) was assessed using the coefficient of determination r2, the mean absolute error (MAE), the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). For the data from Lake Dejguny, the most similar distribution of fish echo proportions and the corresponding distribution of total length (TL) for fish larger than 62 mm were obtained using the TS–TL relation developed using fish from the Salmonidae, Percidae, and Cyprinidae families (2), and for fish larger than 74 mm, the relation was developed for the family Pericidae (4). No evidence was found to unambiguously verify the meanings of different sound frequencies (120 and 200 kHz) for which the TS–TL relationships used in the analysis were derived. The proposed procedure can be used to select the optimal regression equation.

The impact of water quality on the availability of phytoplankton and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

This research analysed the availability of phytoplankton and the growth rate of Vannamei shrimp in relation to water quality changes. The research was carried out in February–March 2021 for a half cycle of shrimp cultivation in two ponds of the Brackish Water Fish Culture Probolinggo Laboratory in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. The research used a descriptive method and included a survey. Sampling was made every two weeks for two months. Nine parameters were measured and ten shrimps were taken for a specific growth rate ( SGR) measurement once per sampling. Data were analysed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Secondary data of water quality were added for the PCA. The results show that the phytoplankton found in the first pond consisted of Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, and Cyanophyta, whereas the phytoplankton in the other pond included Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, and Dinophyta. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 12–80∙10 3 cell∙cm –3, which indicated eutrophic waters. The PCA demonstrated that pH, nitrate, and total organic matter (TOM) significantly influenced phytoplankton abundance in the pond. In addition, water quality parameters, such as temperature, transparency, salinity, nitrite and phosphate levels, were tolerable in both ponds for the growth of shrimps. However, the level of pH was lower than the aquaculture quality standard, whereas those of nitrate, ammonia, and TOM were higher. The growth rate of Vannamei shrimp increased by 0.76–7.34%∙day –1.

Immunomodulatory Potency of Eclipta alba (Bhringaraj) Leaf Extract in Heteropneustes fossilis against Oomycete Pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans

Aphanomyces invadans is an aquatic oomycete pathogen and the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fresh and brackish water fish, which is responsible for severe mortalities and economic losses in aquaculture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anti-infective strategies to control EUS. An Oomycetes, a fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism, and a susceptible species, i.e., Heteropneustes fossilis, are used to establish whether an Eclipta alba leaf extract is effective against the EUS-causing A. invadans. We found that treatment with methanolic leaf extract, at concentrations between 50-100 ppm (T4-T6), protects the H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. These optimum concentrations induced anti-stress and antioxidative response in fish, marked by a significant decrease in cortisol and elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in treated animals, as compared with the controls. We further demonstrated that the A. invadans-protective effect of methanolic leaf extract was caused by its immunomodulatory effect and is linked to the enhanced survival of fingerlings. The analysis of non-specific and specific immune factors confirms that methanolic leaf extract-induced HSP70, HSP90 and IgM levels mediate the survival of H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. Taken together, our study provides evidence that the generation of anti-stress and antioxidative responses, as well as humoral immunity, may play a role in protecting H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. It is probable that E. alba methanolic leaf extract treatment might become part of a holistic strategy to control EUS in fish species.

Records of 15 fresh and brackish water fishes from Tanega-shima and Yaku-shima islands, Osumi Islands, Satsunan Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Records of 15 fresh and brackish water fishes from Tanega-shima and Yaku-shima islands, Osumi Islands, Satsunan Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Comparative studies on the histological structure of skin in fresh and brackish water fish

Comparative studies on the histological structure of skin in fresh and brackish water fish

Collective actions to support sustainable aquaculture: Evidence from brackish water ponds area in Aceh Tamiang

Our research focuses on establishing and improving farmers’ organization in areas with brackish water aquaculture. This research aims to promote sustainable aquaculture enterprises in Aceh Tamiang by engaging fish farmer organizations and promoting collective action. Managing a brackish water region covering a total land area of 3,624.5 hectares requires collective action measures. There is no local governing body that manages water resources or the environment and surroundings of the ponds. Farmers who require knowledge about pond waste and sediment management in the context of fish farming can better understand pond season planting techniques. We selected two villages from the four sub-districts of Aceh Tamiang to gather relevant data from April to May 2021. We comprehensively investigated the brackish aquaculture in Sungai Kuruk III, located in the Seruway sub-district. Our study recommends the formation of a collective entity called Gapokkan, where groups of brackish water fish producers from various villages in Aceh Tamiang can collaborate and unite. Gapokkan can effectively address various difficulties associated with brackish water pond areas to achieve sustainable aquaculture in Aceh Tamiang.