Brachybacterium Sp Research Articles

Exploring the dynamics of ISR signaling in maize upon seed priming with plant growth promoting actinobacteria isolated from tea rhizosphere of Darjeeling.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer an eco-friendly alternative to agrochemicals for better plant growth and development. Here, we evaluated the plant growth promotion abilities of actinobacteria isolated from the tea (Camellia sinensis) rhizosphere of Darjeeling, India. 16S rRNA gene ribotyping of 28 isolates demonstrated the presence of nine different culturable actinobacterial genera. Assessment of the in vitro PGP traits revealed that Micrococcus sp. AB420 exhibited the highest level of phosphate solubilization (i.e., 445 ± 2.1µg/ml), whereas Kocuria sp. AB429 and Brachybacterium sp. AB440 showed the highest level of siderophore (25.8 ± 0.1%) and IAA production (101.4 ± 0.5µg/ml), respectively. Biopriming of maize seeds with the individual actinobacterial isolate revealed statistically significant growth in the treated plants compared to controls. Among them, treatment with Paenarthrobacter sp. AB416 and Brachybacterium sp. AB439 exhibited the highest shoot and root length. Biopriming has also triggered significant enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense reactions in maize seedlings both locally and systematically, providing a critical insight into their possible role in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden. To better understand the role of actinobacterial isolates in the modulation of plant defense, three selected actinobacterial isolates, AB426 (Brevibacterium sp.), AB427 (Streptomyces sp.), and AB440 (Brachybacterium sp.) were employed to evaluate the dynamics of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in maize. The expression profile of five key genes involved in SA and JA pathways revealed that bio-priming with actinobacteria (Brevibacterium sp. AB426 and Brachybacterium sp. AB440) preferably modulates the JA pathway rather than the SA pathway. The infection studies in bio-primed maize plants resulted in a delay in disease progression by the biotrophic pathogen Ustilago maydis in infected maize plants, suggesting the positive efficacy of bio-priming in aiding plants to cope with biotic stress. Conclusively, this study unravels the intrinsic mechanisms of PGPR-mediated ISR dynamics in bio-primed plants, offering a futuristic application of these microorganisms in the agricultural fields as an eco-friendly alternative.

Complete genome sequence of Brachybacterium sp. GU-2 (Actinomycetota), isolated from the massive coral Porites lobata.

Brachybacterium sp. GU-2 was isolated from the hard coral Porites lobata found in Apra Harbor, Guam, Micronesia. This genome sequence will be beneficial to understand the role of actinomycetes in coral holobionts. The Brachybacterium genome contains several gene clusters for bioactive compounds, including antibiotics.

Emiliania huxleyi-Bacteria Interactions under Increasing CO2 Concentrations.

The interactions established between marine microbes, namely phytoplankton-bacteria, are key to the balance of organic matter export to depth and recycling in the surface ocean. Still, their role in the response of phytoplankton to rising CO2 concentrations is poorly understood. Here, we show that the response of the cosmopolitan Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi) to increasing CO2 is affected by the coexistence with bacteria. Specifically, decreased growth rate of E. huxleyi at enhanced CO2 concentrations was amplified in the bloom phase (potentially also related to nutrient concentrations) and with the coexistence with Idiomarina abyssalis (I. abyssalis) and Brachybacterium sp. In addition, enhanced CO2 concentrations also affected E. huxleyi's cellular content estimates, increasing organic and decreasing inorganic carbon, in the presence of I. abyssalis, but not Brachybacterium sp. At the same time, the bacterial isolates only survived in coexistence with E. huxleyi, but exclusively I. abyssalis at present CO2 concentrations. Bacterial species or group-specific responses to the projected CO2 rise, together with the concomitant effect on E. huxleyi, might impact the balance between the microbial loop and the export of organic matter, with consequences for atmospheric carbon dioxide.

STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS WITHIN THE HOUSING ENVIRONMENT

Bacteria are found virtually in every environment. High levels of indoor bacteria concentration is an indication of high occupancy rate, poor ventilation, or poor building maintenance. We study airborne Bacteria in Indoor Environments in two residences areas covering summer, winter season to study the climate effect (temperature) also covering high level and low level population to study the quality of life (good aeration, ventilation and variation of occupation area per citizens). We examine the presence of airborne Bacteria in Indoor Environments and colony forming unit for each case and we found that Exiguobacterium sp was the most frequent bacteria (37.5%) in high level population during the Summer climate, Bacillus sp was the most frequent bacteria (26.7%) in high level population during the Winter climate, Brachybacterium sp was the most frequent bacteria (42.4%) during the summer climate and kytococcus sp was the most frequent bacteria (32.2%) in low level population during the winter climate. We found a significant increase in colony forming unit among low level residence population during summer with Minimum, Maximum, Mean value 17.5, 25, 21.69 CFU/m3 respectively than among High level residence population in summer with Minimum, Maximum, Mean value 7.92, 14.58, 10.97 CFU/m3 respectively with p-value <0.001 which indication the negative effect of high occupancy rate, poor ventilation on quality of life and a significant increase in colony forming unit in high level residence population in summer with Minimum, Maximum, Mean value 7.92, 14.58, 10.69 CFU/m3 respectively than in high level residence population in winter with Minimum, Maximum, Mean value 0.42, 2.5, 1.39 CFU/m3 respectively with p-value <0.001 which indicate high level of airborne bacteria due to high temperature .

Brachybacterium sp. CH-KOV3 isolated from an oil-polluted environment–a new producer of levan

Various microorganisms isolated from polluted environments, such as Pseudomonas sp. and Micrococcus sp. can synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPSs) which are natural, non-toxic and biodegradable polymers. EPSs play a key role in protection of microbial cells under various external influences. For humans, these substances have potential use in many industries. EPSs can be applied as a flavor or a fragrance carrier, an emulsifier, a stabilizer, a prebiotic, an antioxidant or an antitumor agent. In this study, we characterized an environmental microorganism that produces EPS, optimized EPS production by this strain and characterized the EPS produced. Isolate CH-KOV3 was identified as Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum. The sucrose level in the growth medium greatly influenced EPS production, and the highest yield was when the microorganism was incubated in media with 500g/L of sucrose. The optimal temperature and pH were 28°C and 7.0, respectively. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results and GC–MS analysis confirmed that the residues were d-fructofuranosyl residues with β-configuration, where fructose units are linked by β-2,6-glycosidic bonds, with β-2,1-linked branches. All these data indicate that the investigated EPS is a levan-type polysaccharide. Thus, it was concluded that Brachybacterium sp. CH-KOV3 could constitute a new source for production of the bioactive polysaccharide, levan.

Optimized production, characterization and application of alkaline proteases from taxonomically assessed microbial isolates from Lonar soda lake, India

Lonar soda lake of India was explored for isolation of the industrially important alkaline protease producers. The isolates from Lonar lake were identified based on their morphological characters, microscopic features, enzymatic profile, biochemical pattern and 16S rRNA partial gene sequences as Brachybacterium sp. LAP214, Bacillus cohnii LAP217, Bacillus pseudofirmus LAP220, Brevibacterium casei LAP223 and Halomonas venusta LAP515 and deposited in Microbial Culture Collection, NCCS, Pune (India) for public access. Production of the alkaline proteases from these isolates was optimized by adopting a one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach in a submerged fermentation system in modified fermentation medium (MFM). More than 3 fold enhancement in the alkaline protease production was recorded from all these isolates after optimization of the physicochemical parameters. Molecular weights of partially purified alkaline proteases from LAP515, LAP214 and LAP223 were recorded as 20.1, 14.3 and 43 kDa respectively. Molecular weights of partially purified alkaline proteases from LAP220 and LAP217 were recorded as 29 kDa. Partially purified alkaline proteases from LAP515, LAP214, LAP220, LAP217 and LAP223 exhibited Vmax values 1000, 1290.323, 526.316, 1250 and 2000 U/mg respectively. Catalytic activities of alkaline proteases from all these isolates were partially and completely inhibited in presence of a serine protease inhibitor PMSF, at the concentrations of 1 and 10 mM respectively. The metal cations Mg2+, Ba2+, and Ca2+ enhanced the catalytic activities of these proteases. Remarkable stability of these alkaline proteases was observed in presence of selected solvents and commercial detergents. These proteases therefore can be used in various biotechnological applications.

Diversity and phylogenetic relationship of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of Bali Cattle in South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Missa H, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2016. Diversity and phylogenetic relationship of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of Bali Cattle in South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 614-619. There are three types of cattle farms with different kinds of feed in South Central Timor, that are maintained around Supul Lake, quarantined and left in the wild. This research aims to isolate, identify and determine the genetic relationship among of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus javanicus D´Alton, 1823, syn. Bos javanicus sondaicus Temminck, 1839/Blyth, 1842) in South Central Timor. Theisolation of cellulolytic bacteria was done by using spread plate method on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) media. Cellulolyticactivities were determined by the clear zone visibility using 0.1% congo red indicator. 16S rRNA encoding genes amplification wasconducted using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 63F and 1387r primers. Sequences of the 16S rRNA encoding genes were analyzed by bioinformatics using Nucleotide BLAST on NCBI website to determine the species of bacteria based on sequencesimilarity. The construction of the phylogenetic tree of cellulolytic bacteria was done using MEGA 7.0 software. The results were 48isolates showing cellulase activity. There were 12 isolates from Supul Lake which have high cellulase activity namely: S1H6, S2H5 S2H7 S3H; in quarantine location: K1H6, K2H3, L2H7, K2H4, K1H2, K3H2; and in wild care system: L1H4 and L1H5. These activities were presented in clear zone about 7.08 to 1.47 cm. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA encoding genes, there were 5 different genera found in 12 isolates with high cellulolytic activity. The isolates possessed similarity with Pseudomonas sp. 96%, Acinetobacter sp. 95%, Bacillus 97%, Stenotrophomonas 88%, and Brachybacterium sp. 97%. There were seven bacterial isolates having the potential to be declared as new bacterial species with &lt;97% similarity percentage that are SIH6, S2H5, K2H3, K2H4, LIH4, LIH5, L2H7. Based on the phylogenetic tree cellulolytic bacteria showed the closest genetic relationship of 0.0% and farthest of 19.3% L2H7 isolate with Brachybacterium sp. S21F1

Isolation of an algicide from a marine bacterium and its effects against the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and other harmful algal bloom species.

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria demonstrating an algicidal effect against Alexandrium catenella and to determine the activity and range of any algicide discovered. The morphological and biochemical attributes of an algicidal bacterium, isolate YS-3, and analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed it to be a member of the genus Brachybacterium. This organism, designated Brachybacterium sp. YS-3, showed the greatest effect against A. catenella cells of all bacteria isolated, and is assumed to produce secondary metabolites. When 10% solutions of culture filtrates from this strain were applied to A. catenella cultures, over 90% of cells were killed within 9 h. Bioassay-guided isolation of the algicide involved led to the purification and identification of an active compound. Based on physicochemical and spectroscopic data, including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass analyses, this compound was identified as 1-acetyl-β-carboline. This algicide showed significant activity against A. catenella and a wide range of harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming species. Taken together, our results suggest that Brachybacterium sp. YS-3 and its algicide represent promising candidates for use in HAB control.

Characterization of an Exopolymeric Flocculant Produced by a Brachybacterium sp.

We evaluated the bioflocculant production potential of an Actinobacteria, which was isolated from a freshwater environment in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. 16S rDNA nucleotide sequencing analyses revealed that the actinobacteria belongs to the Brachybacterium genus, and the sequences were deposited in the GenBank as Brachybacterium sp. UFH, with accession number HQ537131. Optimum fermentation conditions for bioflocculant production by the bacteria include an initial medium pH of 7.2, incubation temperature of 30 °C, agitation speed of 160 rpm and an inoculum size of 2% (vol/vol) of cell density 3.0 × 108 CFU/mL. The carbon, nitrogen and cation sources for optimum bioflocculant production were maltose (83% flocculating activity), urea (91.17% flocculating activity) and MgCl2 (91.16% flocculating activity). Optimum bioflocculant production coincided with the logarithmic growth phase of the bacteria, and chemical analyses of the bioflocculant showed 39.4% carbohydrate and 43.7% protein (wt/wt). The mass ratio of neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids was 1.3:0.7:2.2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, amongst others, typical for heteropolysaccharide and glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides. Bioflocculant pyrolysis showed thermal stability at over 600 °C, while scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging revealed a maze-like structure of interlaced flakes. Its high flocculation activity suggests its suitability for industrial applicability.

Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus cereus and Brachybacterium sp. Isolated from Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer)

Aims: EPS extracted from marine bacteria, which associated with Asian sea bass has potential antimicrobial activities. Methodology and Results: Two marine Bacteria were isolated from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) obtained from aquaculture farm, located at Johor bahru Malaysia. 16S rRNA analysis for bacteria identity revealed that bacteria ors1 had 99 % identity to Bacillus cereus and ors2 had 96 % identity with Brachybacterium sp. All bacteria shared many similarities and variation in terms of biochemical reactions and microscopic observation. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) were extracted and purified from bacteria as they produced mucous colonies. Average analysis of EPS components showed 50 % carbohydrates, 26 % protein and 24 % fatty acids. The FTIR analysis confirmed the functional groups of

Bioremediation of phenol and naphthalene by Bacillus species and Brachybacterium species isolated from pharma soil sample

In this present study, Soil samples were collected from the pharma industries namely Sai Meera pharmaceuticals, Chennai. Samples were screened and totally 10 colonies were isolated in the Mineral Agar medium containing 10 mg of phenol and naphthalene and named as P1 to P10. The screened colonies were enriched in liquid minimal media containing phenol and naphthalene for 5 days. The enriched colonies streaked on the mineral agar plates containing increasing amount of phenol and naphthalene for potential strain. The potential strains were selected and named as P7 and P10. The potential strains were studied for degradation ability using 4-amino antipyrene method and the degradation ability were calculated by colorimetric O.D values at 600nm. Optimization of pH and temperature was carried out for the maximum degradation of chemical by the potential strains. The P7 and P10 strains showed better growth in neutral pH. P7 strain showed good growth at 28°C and 37°C but P10 strain shown better growth at 28°C. Immobilization of the potential strains was carried out for the better and maximum degradation and their degradation ability was calculated by 4-amino antipyrene method. Immobilized cells can be reused for further degradation. The potential strains P7 was identified as Bacillus sp and P10 was identified as Brachybacterium sp.

Impact of solar radiation on bacterioplankton in Laguna Vilama, a hypersaline Andean lake (4650 m)

Laguna Vilama is a hypersaline Lake located at 4660 m altitude in the northwest of Argentina high up in the Andean Puna. The impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on bacterioplankton was studied by collecting samples at different times of the day. Molecular analysis (DGGE) showed that the bacterioplankton community is characterized by Gamma‐proteobacteria (Halomonas sp., Marinobacter sp.), Alpha‐proteobacteria (Roseobacter sp.), HGC (Agrococcus jenensis and an uncultured bacterium), and CFB (uncultured Bacteroidetes). During the day, minor modifications in bacterial diversity such as intensification of Bacteroidetes' signal and an emergence of Gamma‐proteobacteria (Marinobacter flavimaris) were observed after solar exposure. DNA damage, measured as an accumulation of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers (CPDs), in bacterioplankton and naked DNA increased from 100 CPDs MB−1 at 1200 local time (LT) to 300 CPDs MB−1 at 1600 LT, and from 80 CPDs MB−1 at 1200 LT to 640 CPDs MB−1 at 1600 LT, respectively. In addition, pure cultures of Pseudomonas sp. V1 and Brachybacterium sp. V5, two bacteria previously isolated from this environment, were exposed simultaneously with the community, and viability of both strains diminished after solar exposure. No CPD accumulation was observed in either of the exposed cultures, but an increase in mutagenesis was detected in V5. Of both strains only Brachybacterium sp. V5 showed CPD accumulation in naked DNA. These results suggest that the bacterioplankton community is well adapted to this highly solar irradiated environment showing little accumulation of CPDs and few changes in the community composition. They also demonstrate that these microorganisms contain efficient mechanisms against UV damage.

유해적조생물 Cochlodinum polykrikoides를 살멸하는 Brachybacterium sp. SY-97의 분리 및 특성

A bacterial strain SY-97 that showed algicidal activity against Cochlodinium polykrikoides was isolated from coastal water of Uljin (eastern coast of Korea) in August, 2005. The isolated strain was identified as Brachybacterium sp. by morphological and biological tests, and analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. The optimal culture conditions for the growth of strain SY-97 were <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>, initial pH 7.0, and salinity 2.0%. From the result of cell culture insert experiment, Brachybacterium sp. SY-97 is assumed to produce secondary metabolites which have algicidal activity. When 10% culture filtrate of this strain was applied to C. polykrikoides (<TEX>$1.2{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$</TEX>) cultures, 100% of C. polykrikoides cells was destroyed within 15 hours. The released algicides were heat-tolerant to <TEX>$100^{\circ}C$</TEX> and stable in pH <TEX>$6.0{\sim}10.0$</TEX>. These results suggest that Brachybacterium sp. SY-97 is potentially useful for controlling outbreaks of C. polykrikoides.

Cross-utilization and expression of outer membrane receptor proteins for siderophore uptake by Diamondback mothPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) gut bacteria

Siderophore production by entomo- and phytopathogens, plus the cross-utilization of these siderophores and expression of outer membrane receptor proteins (OMRPs) by Diamondback moth (DBM) gut bacterial strains, were all examined. All the tested strains grew in the presence of 2, 2'-dipyridyl, and the Brachybacterium sp. PSGB10, Pseudomonas sp. PRGB06, and Serratia marcescens FLGB16 strains were found to cross-utilize the siderophores of various entomopathogens, including Bacillus thuringiensis. A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis also showed the presence of the OMRPs responsible for the siderophore cross-utilization. In contrast, Stenotrophomonas sp. PRGB08 was unable to cross-utilize siderophores and did not express OMRPs. Thus, siderophore cross-utilization and OMRP expression by the DBM gut bacterial strains would seem to support the potential for microbial populations in the insect gut to evolve efficient mechanisms to overcome any iron limitation imposed by the host insect and eventually contribute to the defense mechanism of the host insect. Furthermore, it is important to consider that other biologically active metabolites produced by insect gut microorganisms may also confer a protective effect on a host insect species.