Reasonable Boundary Research Articles

A flexible, calibrated transformer-based risk model for prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure; an open cohort study using linked UK EHR

Abstract Background Numerous risk scores, both uni- and multi-variable, have been developed to conduct prognostication for a range of clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients [1,2]. However, these models provide only modest discrimination and often depend on complex test data (e.g., ejection fraction) collected outside of routine clinical care [2]. Furthermore, transparency in reporting of key individual-level metrics (e.g., precision, recall) is notably lacking. Purpose We developed and validated a novel deep learning model, the second version of the Transformer-based Risk assessment survival model (TRisk2), for 36-month prediction of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and renal outcomes in patients with HF using routine, linked UK electronic health records (EHR) data. Methods An open cohort of 405 thousand patients with HF between 40 and 90 years of age was identified using linked EHR from 1,063 and 355 English general practices, which were used for TRisk2 model development and external validation, respectively. Comparison was conducted against MAGGIC [2], modified for use on routine linked EHR. Additional analyses compared discriminatory performance in other age groups, by sex, and by baseline disease. All analyses were repeated for prediction of cardiovascular-related mortality, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and renal outcomes. Results TRisk2 demonstrated superior discrimination with Concordance index (C-index) of 0.828; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.824 to 0.832 for all-cause mortality prediction outperforming MAGGIC. The proposed model’s performance was found to be stable across stratified analyses by sex, age, and baseline disease status. Both models were overall well-calibrated, and TRisk2 demonstrated greater net benefit than MAGGIC across reasonable decision boundaries in decision curve analyses. At exemplar risk threshold of 50% for 36-month prediction, TRisk2 outperformed MAGGIC by 0.08 for both, precision and recall and identified 10% more events. At the same threshold for 12-month prediction, TRisk2 outperformed MAGGIC by 0.14 and 0.26 precision and recall respectively and captured 70% more events. The well-calibrated TRisk2 similarly outperformed MAGGIC in prediction of cardiovascular-related mortality, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and renal outcomes. Conclusion Utilising solely routine EHR from primary and secondary care, TRisk2 enabled more accurate prediction than MAGGIC with 10-20% gain in C-index across the four outcome investigations. Integration of TRisk2 into routine clinical care could simultaneously eliminate the reliance of complex tests and improve prognostication of key clinical outcomes, thereby refining management of HF.Models' discrimination on four outcomes

Naděje jako most mezi etikou a filosofií náboženství v díle Immanuela Kanta

The paper focuses on the motif of hope, which plays an important role in Immanuel Kant’s practical philosophy. Hope builds a bridge between ethics and the philosophy of religion, and it does so as part of the highest good. I examine the notion of hope in Kant’s thought in three steps, based on three texts: Critique of Pure Reason (Canon of Pure Reason), Critique of Practical Reason (Postulates of Pure Practical Reason; Ethico-Theology), and Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (Theory of Radical Evil in Human Nature). I provide arguments to show that, for Kant, hope is a necessary motive. Hope is understood as an attitude of reason, rather than as an emotion. I further demonstrate that in the concept of hope, the desire for happiness intersects with the desire to live well morally. The function of hope, in the context of a lifetime of moral practice, is to help remove obstacles to leading a moral life. Hope is not needed to know what to do. Hope is necessary as a component of the meaningfulness of the whole. The impossibility or loss of hope for the ultimate meaning, as including the achievement of one’s own bliss, would make the lifelong pursuit of morality impossible. Finally, hope turns out to be necessary as a response to the thesis of radical evil in human nature.

Research and Field Application on Extreme Subdivision Water Injection Technology for Low Permeability Reservoirs

Abstract Low permeability Block A is about to enter the development phase of extremely high water cut. Due to the low overall recovery degree and residual oil scattered sporadically, the efficient development meets more difficulty and conventional residual oil analysis and adjustment methods cannot fulfil the current needs of precise development. To enhance the reservoir utilization degree, we conduct extremely concise zonal water injection experiment from three aspects: sand body description, policies establishment, and proper technique application. In terms of sand body description, four types of sand-body distribution patterns were summarized through fine characterization of vertical, planar, and spatial single sand bodies, clarifying the origin and potential distribution of residual oil. In terms of development policy, numerical simulation and reservoir engineering methods have been comprehensively applied to determine the subdivision combination of injection layers and reasonable water allocation boundaries, and subdivision principles have been established, considering single septation to thin and thick layer with combining enhancing -controlling. In terms of supporting technology, we have studied the small space subdivision process of small compartments, optimized the testing and adjustment methods, and finally achieved accurate separation, strict clamping, and accurate matching of water injection layers. Through the research and practice, it realized the finest septation of the water injection to extremely enhance the subdivision degree and the efficiency of the injection. It also have strengthened the utilization of thin and poor layers and effectively controlled the decline.

Evaluation of Statistical and Machine Learning Analysis on CRDI Engine using Ternary Fuel doped with Cerium Oxide Nanoadditives

At present, diesel engines are confronted with the formidable task of reconciling aggressive emission regulations with the preservation of intended engine performance. In order to tackle this concern, India can implement a comprehensive strategy that includes waste reduction, recycling programs, and the innovative use of waste-to-energy technologies. The potential synergistic effects of combining fuel mixtures with cerium oxide nanoparticles in CRDI diesel engines remain unexplored. This study employs response surface methodology and MLP regression to investigate these effects. This study explores the experimental design includes variation in blend ratios of karanja biodiesel (upto 20 %), compression ratios (18–22), and injection pressure (400–1200 bar), as well as CeO2 nanoparticle concentrations (50–150 ppm) using 10 % biobutanol. A combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques is used to assess and optimise the influence of diverse process parameters on engine responses. The machine learning processor (MLP) regressor model is more capable of forecasting engine responses than RSM modelling, as it has lower MAE, RMSE, and higher R2 values. According to the study, the best blend ratio, CR, Injection Pressure, and CeO2 concentration for the best performance and lowest emissions are 9.97 % biodiesel blend, CR of 20, an injection pressure of 797.4 bar, and CeO2 nanoparticle concentration of 100.1 ppm. The MAE value of the MLP regressor-based model ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0119. In terms of RMSE, MLP regressor-based model outputs are within reasonable boundaries. This study highlights the optimization of engine operating parameters and the application of nanotechnology in biodiesel blends. These findings can lead to the development of durable and eco-friendly fuel alternatives for internal combustion engines, promoting sustainable transportation.

Synchronizing short-, mid-, and long-term operations of hydro-wind-photovoltaic complementary systems

Hydro-wind-photovoltaic (PV) complementary power systems (HWPCSs) offer a promising solution for integrating intermittent wind and PV power, leveraging the long-term energy storage capacity of reservoirs and the short-term flexible adjustability of hydro units. However, existing studies often neglect the reciprocal influences among short-, mid-, and long-term operations of HWPCSs, resulting in suboptimal operating strategies. To tackle this issue, the study proposes a generic framework for synchronizing operations of HWPCSs across multiple time scales. The framework simultaneously optimizes long-term operating rule curves, mid-term water consumption allocation, day-ahead power generation plan scheduling, and intraday economic operation of HWPCSs. A HWPCS located in the Yalong River Basin is selected as the case study. The results indicate that: (1) synchronized operation effectively reduces the output shortage risk (from 4.86 % to 0 %) and average absolute water consumption deviation (from 2.07 % to 0.09 %) compared to the conventional method; (2) synchronized operation provides more reasonable boundaries for short-term operations, reducing the average online time percentage (from 65.08 % to 63.57 %) and start-up/shut-down times (from 3185 to 2981) of hydro units, leading to an increase in the average hydropower efficiency (from 9.05 to 9.12). This study highlights the impracticality of the conventional method, underscoring the necessity of synchronized operation for HWPCSs. The proposed method provides a practical framework for the efficient operation of HWPCSs.

The Relationship between Morality and Religion in Kant's Philosophy

Kant delves into the relationship between morality and religion, particularly how traditional morality is integrated into practical reason and how the moral law is seen as a self-imposed rule of free practical reason. Kant distinguishes between two forms of religion: religion within the boundaries of pure reason and revealed religion. The former is based on the rational conception that the establishment of a supreme being ensures the supreme good; the latter emphasizes the independence and authority of reason in matters of faith. In his moral philosophy, both beliefs are crucial, not only in helping to sustain the moral life, but also in the way that both reason's conception of God and belief in revealed religion can positively affect the moral life.

A Comparative Study of the Concept of Sin in Christian Religion and African Indigenous Religion

The study examined the biblical concept of sin in Christian Religion. It explored the concept of sin in Ifá Corpus of African Indigenous Religion. This was done with a view to eliciting an intercultural understanding of the concept of sin in Yorùbá and biblical cultures. The selected texts of the Bible were interpreted using “Theological Interpretation of Scripture” (TIS) method, while the data collected from both Yorùbá and biblical cultures were analysed using the ‘Intercultural Hermeneutics Principles.’ The result shows that Sin è̩s̩è̩ in Ifá corpus is conceived as às̩ìs̩è (a mistaken deed, a deed that is wide of the mark), àìtọ́ (that which is not straight forward), àìyẹ (unbefitting, unbecoming), àìgbọràn (disobedience), ìrúfin (breaking of the law), àìs̩ótítọ́ (untruthfulness), àìs̩òdodo (unrighteousness) and iniquity (àìs̩edéédé). Also, Sin is conceived as Èèwò̩ (things forbidden, taboo) or A kìí s̩e é (it is not done). All these cognate with the Hebrew words for Sin in Old Testament: Pesha (breaching of morals, passing a reasonable boundary, or breaking a just rule), Chatha (to miss the mark), Awon (iniquity, guilt or punishment) and the Greek words for Sin in the New Testament: Parabaino (to transgress, break or deviate from the way), Parabasis (wrong doing), Paraptoma (trespass, offense, fall, sin, or fault), hamartia and hamartano (a missing of the mark), adikia (unrighteousness), anomia (breaking of the law), apeitheo (disobedience) and apistos (unbelief). The study concluded that there is an intercultural understanding of the concept of sin in both Yorùbá and biblical cultures, as the two cultures regarded sin as a negative value.

Comparative Study of Parameter Extraction from a Solar Cell or a Photovoltaic Module by Combining Metaheuristic Algorithms with Different Simulation Current Calculation Methods

In this paper, single-diode model (SDM) and double-diode model (DDM) parameters of the French RTC solar cell and the Photowatt PWP 201 photovoltaic (PV) module were extracted by combining five metaheuristic algorithms with three simulation current calculation methods (i.e., approximation method, Lambert W method and Newton–Raphson method), respectively. It was found that the parameter-extraction accuracies of the Lambert W (LW) method and the Newton–Raphson (NR) method are always approximately equal and higher than that of the approximation method. The best RMSEs (root mean square error) obtained by using the LW or the NR method on the solar cell and the PV module are 7.72986 × 10−4 and 2.05296 × 10−3 for SDM parameter extraction and 6.93709 × 10−4 and 1.99051 × 10−3 for DDM parameter extraction, respectively. The latter may be the highest parameter-extraction accuracy reported on the solar cell and the PV module so far, which is due to the adoption of more reasonable DDM parameter boundaries. Furthermore, the convergence curves of the LW and the NR method basically coincide, with a convergence speed faster than that of the approximation method. The robustness of a parameter-extraction method is mainly determined by the metaheuristic algorithm, but it is also affected by the simulation current calculation method and the parameter-extraction object. In a word, the approximation method is not suitable for application in PV-model parameter extraction because of incorrect estimation of the simulation current and the RMSE, while the LW and NR methods are suitable for the application for accurately calculating the simulation current and RMSE. In terms of saving computation resources and time, the NR method is superior to the LW method.

Assessing Tidal Models in the Ryukyu Islands Region Using the ENOPF Method

Abstract Satellite remote sensing can monitor sea level changes at temporal and spatial scales, plays an important role in the study of tides, and is widely used in numerical tidal models. However, these tidal models are usually computationally expensive. The equidistant nodes orthogonal polynomial fitting (ENOPF) method may overcome that drawback. This study evaluates the accuracy of the ENOPF method in fitting the major tidal constituents in the region near the Ryukyu Islands, where the water depth on either side of the islands varies significantly. The results show that the ENOPF method can accurately fit the major tidal constituents in the presence of complex topography. Furthermore, this approach can also be used to generate reasonable cotidal charts and provide valuable tidal information for hydrodynamic model simulations in the East China Sea. For the high-resolution hydrodynamic model of the East China Sea in particular, reasonable open boundary conditions can be provided by the ENOPF method.

Kants Widmung aus der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft (1793) an Fischer ist bei einer Auktion erneut aufgetaucht

Abstract This miscellany reports on a newly found dedication copy of Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of mere Reason (1793) to his dear friend and former student Carl Gottlieb Fischer.

Validation of transient SYSTEM analysis code GINKGO based on a SLB TEST

Transient System analysis code is an important tool for reactor thermal hydraulic analysis. GINKGO is a transient system analysis in-house code developed by China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGN). The code is primarily used for the analysis of Non-Loss of Coolant Accident (Non-LOCA)transients. Steam Line Break (SLB) accident is one of the representative accident condition of Non-LOCA transients. To validate the capability of GINKGO to simulate SLB accident scenario, a test of small non-isolatable main steam line break (10 %) at hot standby conditions, PKL III B5.1 test is selected. The characteristic of PKL facility, the PKL III B5.1 test sequence and the validation process of PKL III B5.1 test by GINKGO code are briefly introduced in the paper. In validation process, GINKGO simulates the steady state first and then simulates the transient process by setting reasonable initial conditions and boundary conditions. Then, the calculation results of key parameters including temperature in hot leg, temperature in cold leg, Steam Generator (SG) secondary side pressure and Pressurizer (PZR) pressure are compared with the experimental results. Through the rationality of the calculation results, it shows that GINKGO has the capability to simulate the key phenomena in a typical SLB accident scenario.

The Rule Boundary of Network Platform Security Guarantee Obligation

Network platform, as the engine of economic development in the new era, is filled with all aspects of communication, information exchange and resource circulation in modern life. Disputes cannot be avoided in the process of participating in social life. While the network platform is active, it also produces many judicial practice problems with the characteristics of the network era, such as the network platform infringement. The problem of infringement in the Internet era has the characteristics of virtual abstraction in cyberspace. Different from traditional dangers such as kidnapping and intentional injury, Internet users may also face new risks such as cyber violence and loss of virtual property. The theoretical legitimacy of applying the security guarantee obligation from physical space to cyber space can be discussed from the aspects of subject nature, legal basis and legal variability. The content provisions on the security obligations of network platforms in the Civil Code are still vague, and the specific scope of application of the rules is limited. This paper tries to determine a reasonable content boundary from the perspectives of platform service types, benefit-risk principles and cost-benefit principles. Based on this, it further analyzes and defines the types of responsibility that the network platform should undertake under different circumstances in violation of security obligations.

Kant on race and the radical evil in the human species

AbstractReligion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason remains one of the most opaque of Kant's published writings. Though this opacity belongs, partly, to the text itself, a key claim of this article is that this opacity stems also from the narrow lenses through which his readers view this text. Often read as part of Kant's moral philosophy or his universal history, the literature has thus far neglected a different vantage point on the Religion, one that does not refute the utility of these lenses but complements them. This paper places the Religion alongside parts of Kant's corpus that it is less typically paired with, namely his natural history writings—in particular, his writings on the concept of race and the development of the human races. I argue that by doing so, we can shed much light on Kant's infamous claim that there is a radical evil in the human species. More precisely, we will come to appreciate that this evil is not, as it is usually understood, a static property or fixed characteristic of human beings. Instead, radical evil concerns a dynamic, changing defect in human nature that increasingly threatens our aspirations to collective moral perfection.

The Haunting Image of the Frozen Jew (in Christian Self-Understanding), the Self-Determining Universality of Human Reason, and Anticipating the Secular-Nation-State: From Hobbes to Kant and Beyond

Abstract: The following article takes aim at the deeply contested relationship between the secular and the religious in the contemporary: in its conceptual but also genealogical dimensions. Toward this end the essay analyzes Hobbes's Leviathan and Kant's Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason by adopting a bifocaled lens in exposing what is seen as two interrelated forms of universality. One consisted in the (historical and pre-Christian) image of Judaic law and the Jewish people in the self-understanding of what claimed to be a universalizing (moral) Christianity, while the other consisted in a notion of reason that articulates and expresses human morality as a characteristic and index of freedom therein constituting a political society and its laws. The essay argues that the secular-religious dialectic is best understood in terms of this relationship between the image of the Judaic as it operates within Christian and "modern" aspirations toward universality. This dialectic is thereby shown to be essential to thinking and reflecting about the modern emergence of categories like the secular, the national, and the religious in their distinctions: their development as much as their ruin. In such an analysis a critique of the contemporary forms of political-theology—prominently in Schmitt and reiterated in Agamben and Badiou—is also undertaken as conclusion.

Research on Intelligent Optimisation Strategies for Interior Space Layout Design with the Aid of 3DsMax+AI

Abstract Indoor intelligent assistive technology has been widely used in space layout design optimization. This paper proposes a heuristic scene space layout generation method based on the smart evolution of scene space AI with WFC and deep network, joint wave function collapse algorithm, as well as two deep neural networks to generate the layout wireframe diagram while strangling reasonable boundaries and predicting functional semantic labels for the layout subspace. Applying the method of this paper to the office space layout optimization design, the results show that 95.68% of the area of the office and conference room has a lighting coefficient greater than 2%, and 85.78% of the area of the design room has a lighting coefficient greater than 3%. Ordinary white glass can be utilized in the design room to enhance the lighting quality, with a lighting coefficient of 2.87 and a compliance rate of 100%. The inset atrium space has a greater percentage of indoor thermal comfort area and a faster air flow rate. In this paper, 3DsMax+AI intelligent assistance and other technologies are used to simulate the layout design of the office space and realize the optimization of its layout design.

Notes on the Cambridge translation of Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason

This article mainly discusses translation issues in the two Cambridge editions of Kant’s Religion, while engaging in a briefer discussion of Pluhar’s translation of the same work. The aim is to correct single errors as well as patterns of questionable translation, and to do so guided by criteria of consistency in relation to Kant’s use of key terms. I argue that the English translations have contributed to misinterpretations of Kant’s philosophy of religion, although I make only passing references to the secondary scholarship.

Flywheel Vibration Isolation of Satellite Structure by Applying Structural Plates with Elastic Boundary Instead of Restrained Boundary

Flywheels play a critical role as core components in satellite attitude control systems. However, their high-speed rotation inevitably generates vibrations that have a detrimental impact on the in-orbit imaging capabilities of high-precision remote sensing payloads. This study focuses on the passive vibration isolation design of satellite flywheels. The flywheel-mounted structural plate and flywheel vibration isolation platform are considered as a whole system (termed a plate-isolator system). In this system, the structural plate is treated as an elastomer. By simplifying the plate-isolator system as a 2-degree-of-freedom vibration system, it becomes evident that obtaining an ideal vibration isolation effect through the optimization of the flywheel vibration isolation platform (FVIP) alone is difficult. In order to enhance the passive vibration isolation effect for satellite flywheels, this study introduces the concept of an elastic boundary applied to the flywheel-mounted structural plate, thus treating the elastic boundary as a design factor. Consequently, the plate-isolator system can be simplified as a 3-stage vibration isolation system. The optimization of the elastic boundary condition of the structural plate is performed using the kinetic model of the simplified 3-stage system. The vibration isolation effect of the plate-isolator system with an elastic boundary is further confirmed through finite element simulation. The calculation results demonstrate that, after establishing a reasonable elastic boundary for the satellite structural plate, the overall vibration/force transmission rate of the plate-isolator system becomes similar to that of a single-degree-of-freedom dynamic system. Finally, the proposed concept is validated through kinetic response analysis of a cube satellite. The results reveal that the vibration amplitude of the satellite’s top and side structural plates can be effectively lowered if the elastic boundary condition is set for the flywheel-mounted bottom structural plate.

The Change of Heart, Moral Character and Moral Reform

AbstractI examine Kant’s claim in part one of Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason that moral reform requires both a ‘change of heart’ and gradual reformation of one’s sense (R, 6: 47). I argue that Kant’s conception of moral reform is neither fundamentally obscure nor is it as vulnerable to serious objections as several commentators have suggested. I defend Kant by explaining how he can maintain both that we can choose our moral disposition via an intelligible choice and that we become good through a continuous struggle. I then provide an interpretation of how moral reform occurs in the phenomenal realm.

Research on the tripartite evolutionary game promoting the transformation of traditional buildings to prefabricated buildings.

The practices of prefabricated buildings illustrate the incentives in prefabricated markets as well as the decision-making behavior of stakeholders, which can influence the transformation, upgrading, and sustainability of the buildings sector. The game between the stakeholders in the prefabricated buildings market becomes complicated by the fact that they dynamically adjust their strategies in response to changing market conditions. With the aim of quantitatively studying the implications of the dynamic decision behavior of prefabricated construction stakeholders on the prefabricated construction market, this study introduces component suppliers as participating agents and government subsidies and penalties as the main measures. And a three-way model of the evolutionary game involving government subsidies and punitive schemes is constructed by this study. The essay examines the evolutionary equilibrium strategies of each game subject as well as the effect of original strategies and different parameter choices on the decision-making of each subject using MATLAB. The findings reveal that (1) decision-making behaviors among the government, component suppliers, and developers are both interrelated and constrained, but governments are the dominant agents in the evolution of prefabricated buildings. (2) Parameters such as subsidies, penalties, costs, and benefits affect the stability of the tripartite evolutionary model, which remains consistent with the previous research. (3) Component suppliers have an equally important position in the development of prefabricated buildings as recognized entities such as developers and contractors. (4) When subsidies are kept at 40% of the incremental cost and penalties at 80% of the incremental cost, the model combines a fast evolutionary rate with stable model evolution. In conclusion, the article's research findings not only validate the rationality and feasibility of component suppliers as research subjects and confirm the importance of component suppliers but also propose a more reasonable boundary value for penalties and subsidies, which provides a reference for the government to improve the incentive and punishment measures as well as the dynamic adjustment strategy of stakeholders and also provides a new perspective to achieve the goal of sustainable development of construction.

Numerical Investigation into Characteristics of WIPCC and Distortion of S-shaped Intake

Water injection pre-compressor cooling technology can efficiently increase the engine thrust and expand the flight envelope of the aircraft. Changes in the curvature of the intake and the evaporative cooling of the spray medium naturally distort the total pressure, total temperature, and characteristics of the swirl of the flow before it enters the engine. This study conducts numerical research on the aerothermal process of the WIPCC in an S-shaped intake using the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The spatial evolution of critical variables along the flow direction and specific cross-sections were obtained by analyzing the statistical time-averaged results of multiphase flow. The transient distortion descriptors were quantified and analyzed following the SAE standard, which revealed the characteristics of various distortions and their spatial-temporal changes. Furthermore, the variables reflecting the transient flow structure were decomposed using the POD method to obtain the coherent structure of each mode and its frequency and energy characteristics. The results showed that aerodynamic breakup was the main cause of droplet size reduction and led to a decrease of 74.4% and 63.8% in Sauter droplet size under two conditions, respectively. The downstream mixing of flows in the S-duct mitigated the distortions caused by the intake's changing curvature and droplet evaporation. After the mixing of flows under specific conditions, the total pressure distortion coefficient decreased from 0.30 to 0.12, the swirl intensity decreased from 4°-6° to 2°-4°, and the high total temperature extent decreased from 0.65 to 0.35. The POD mode of the variables exhibited broadband characteristics with multiple spikes and energy dispersion. The main modes of the drop coefficients in total pressure and temperature corresponded to large- and small-scale structures, respectively, with Strouhal number ranges of 0.079-0.394 and 0.362-1.260. These results reveal the effects of WIPCC on the aerothermal processes in the S-shaped intake and the mechanism of generation and evolution of distortions. Moreover, the results provide reasonable boundary conditions for numerical investigations of wet compression under intake distortions.