Boundary Conflict Research Articles

Impact of India-China Border Conflicts on the Changpas of Eastern Ladakh

The national security of a country is closely tied to the welfare of its border residents. The unsettled boundary dispute between India and China in Eastern Ladakh has far-reaching consequences for the well-being of the border residents in Ladakh. This analysis seeks to comprehend how this geopolitical disagreement has impacted the socio-cultural and economic activities. The research methodology incorporated includes data from books, journals, internet sources, and field interviews related to the subject. The findings of this study indicate that the socio-economic conditions of the border residents have been adversely affected by the ongoing boundary conflict between the two nations.

“El Chamizal is ours forever:” Rumor, time, and the law in El Paso’s settler society

This essay contributes to literature on the intersections of white settler colonialisms, racial capitalism, and U.S.-Mexico borderlands history by tracing the web of spatial, temporal, and legal power relations that produced El Paso, Texas’ seemingly legitimate possession of stolen Mexican territory known as “El Chamizal” in the El Paso-Cd. Juárez borderlands. This land theft became the Chamizal Dispute: an international land and boundary conflict between the U.S. and Mexico caused by the meandering Río Grande that defines the “fixed” international border between El Paso, Texas and Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua. In the 1860s, multiple shifts in the Rio Grande “relocated” El Chamizal north of this river/boundary. Soon thereafter, and despite Mexico’s sustained claim to and jurisdiction over this land, recently arrived Anglo American settlers incorporated El Chamizal into the nascent City of El Paso. In 1964, the U.S. and Mexico finally agreed to resolve this conflict by virtue of the landmark Chamizal Treaty, which ceded 630-acres of El Paso to Cd. Juárez as El Chamizal. Contrary to what dominant state accounts and the mainstream historical literature on this settlement would have us believe, however, this ceded land includes only a fraction of the original contested terrain. El Chamizal therefore remains a stolen tract of land nestled within the heart of El Paso. Drawing on oral histories, court testimonies and affidavits, and an array of binational records, this essay demonstrates that this ongoing theft is not a finite or complete project. Rather, the process hinges on a fragile web of spatial, white settler temporal, and legal practices of concealment/denial anchored to a colonial rumor that refuses to open this region to the mystery and wonder of the Río Grande’s “wayward life, beautiful experiment in how to live.”

Konflik Tapal Batas antara Desa Tanjung Telang dengan Kelurahan Payuputat Kecamatan Prabumulih Barat Kota Prabumulih

This research is entitled "Border Conflict Between Tanjung Telang Village and Payuputat Village, West Prabumulih District, Prabumulih City". The problem with this research is why it happened Boundary conflict between Tanjung Telang Village and Payuputat Village and resolution of the conflict. The purpose of this study is to explain the occurrence of boundary conflicts between the village of Tanjung Telang and Kelurahan Payuputat, West Prabumulih District, Prabumulih City. This research is a qualitative research whose unit of analysis is the people of Tanjung Telang and Payuputat villages. Data collected by direct observation, in-depth interviews with informants. The research method used is qualitative which consists of three activity streams, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the conflict occurred at the border crossing between the village of Tanjung Telang and the village of Payuputat due to several factors, namely the first historical factor, the second factor of different perceptions, and three economic factors.

Government Synergy in Handling Border Conflict between West Lombok Regency and Central Lombok Regency

The territorial boundary conflict between West Lombok and Central Lombok districts in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province has been going on for several years, with various attempts being made to find an appropriate solution. This study aims to analyze the synergies carried out by the Provincial Government of NTB in handling boundary conflicts. The research method used is a case study with in-depth interviews with informants involved in handling boundary conflicts. The results of the study show that government synergy in resolving boundary conflicts involves the West Lombok Regency Government, Central Lombok Regency Government, community leaders, and other relevant agencies. The synergies carried out include facilitating meetings, strengthening the authority of the Border Dispute Resolution Team so that it has a large and strong capacity, approaching the community, coordinating the central government with local governments regarding border conflicts between Central Lombok and West Lombok Regencies by providing coordination space. The governor acts as the representative of the central government in the province, so that the central government is under the command of the provincial government. The results of this research are the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 P/Hum/2023 dated 9 February 2023, in the case submitted by the Regent of Central Lombok as the applicant party and the Minister of Home Affairs as the respondent. It has been decided that Nambung will become part of Central Lombok Regency.

SETTLEMENT OF THE CONFLICT ON THE BORDERLINE OF THE RICE FIELDS VILLAGE WITH THE VILLAGE OF SUNGAI JALAU KAMPAR UTARA DISTRICT, KAMPAR REGENCY

There are many problems overlapping village boundaries between one village and another. It is easy for the village government to exercise authority in village management if the boundaries of the village area are well defined. Villages must have regional boundaries and authority without regional boundaries will cause various problems in the area, one of which can be conflicts between one village and another. The problems in this study are: First, what are the causes of boundary conflicts between Sawah Village and Sungai Jalau Village? Second, What is the Impact of the Boundary Conflict between Sawah Village and Sungai Jalau Village on the Community? Third, How to resolve boundary conflicts between Sawah Village and Sungai Jalau Village?The aims of this research are: To explain the causes of boundary conflicts between Sawah Village and Sungai Jalau Village; To explain the impact of boundary conflicts between Sawah Village and Sungai Jalau village on the village community and government; To explain the resolution of boundary conflicts between Sawah village and Sungai Jalau village. The research method used is this type of research is sociological law. Sociological legal research is more directed at a study that discusses the enactment of positive law and its influence on people's lives as well as the influence of non-legal factors on the formation of legal provisions. This study uses a juridical approach, to find out and explain the causes of boundary conflicts between paddy fields and Sungai Jalau Village, North Kampar District, Kampar Regency.Conclusion:1. Settlement of the boundaries between Sawah Village and Sungai Jalau Village, North Kampar District, Kampar Regency is carried out in accordance with applicable legal regulations, namely in Article 9 of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 45 of 2016 concerning Determination and Confirmation of Village Boundaries, it is stated that boundary disputes between villages in one sub-district it was resolved by deliberation facilitated by the North Kampar Sub-District Head.2. The impact of the border conflict between Sawah village and Sungai Jalau village, North Kampar sub-district, Kampar regency resulted in many obstacles to completing village government administration, for example, there are many land transactions that have not been able to transfer the name in their SKGR because the village government feels doubtful if they issue a letter. land that is not included in the jurisdiction of the government.3. The boundary conflict between Sawah village and Sungai Jalau village had not been resolved until the research was carried out because several deliberations had been held facilitated by the sub-district head but had not reached a consensus regarding the boundaries of the two villages. Active coordination from the sub-district government is a way to strengthen communication between community leaders as one of the elements that is expected to facilitate the settlement of the boundaries of the two villages.SuggestionThe efforts of the North Kampar District Government in resolving the border conflict between Sawah village and Sungai Jalau village are suggested as follows1. The Kampar Utara District Government must hold ongoing and routine deliberations to discuss the resolution of the border conflict between the two villages, the District Government must refer to the basis for the division of Sungai Jalau village by meeting or holding meetings with community leaders, providing understanding to each figure the people of the two villages about the importance of prioritizing the interests of the community over their own interests, in the sense of the interests of the village itself.The sub-district government should form a special team to deal with boundary conflicts between Sawah village and Sungai Jalau village, so that sub-district activities are not disrupted, but must remain under the supervision of the sub-district government, facilitating ongoing meetings or meetings to discuss resolving the border conflicts between the two villages . The sub-district government must be able to make firm decisions without having to listen to various arguments from each village that impose their wishes for the public interest.

Beyond the River’s Violence: Reconsidering the Chamizal Border Dispute

When Julio Provencio sold his lands along the Rio Grande border line between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua to Santiago Alvarado in 1885, he articulated a predicament that many Mexican landowners in his community faced in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. “I find myself in a sad plight on account of poverty and being quite old,” he wrote in the deed. He was selling, he wrote, because he could not “wait any longer for the fixing of the boundary line by the Governments of the United States of America and Mexico, in accordance with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.” He described his lot as “a piece of agricultural land situated on the left bank of the river of this Municipality [Paso del Norte] of the district of El Chamizal … which was abruptly thrown by the floods on the foreign side.”1 Provencio’s deed exemplifies the tensions that were mounting between landowners in the urbanizing area along the riverbanks of the Rio Grande between the cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez over the course of the nineteenth century. Provencio was one of dozens of local Mexican claimants embroiled in what would become a century-long boundary conflict over a tract known as El Chamizal. Periodic flooding between the cities in the latter half of the nineteenth century caused the riverbanks to change shape and location over time, moving the Chamizal lands to the “U.S. side” of the river border and troubling the boundary established by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Poverty and old age prevented Provencio from awaiting the resolution of the international dispute, which remained at an impasse until the Chamizal Treaty of 1963 returned approximately 630 acres to Mexico and relocated the river channel.

10-POINT RECOMMENDATION PACKAGE FOR EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION & PERFORMANCE IN A LEGALISED REMOTE WORKING ENVIRONMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW

As the world went into a compelled lockdown in 2020-21as a result of the pandemic, remote working (flexibility to work from anywhere, anytime) came as a rescue for the survival of the companies and the employees during unprecedented times but it removed the boundaries between work and family, work and home, professional and personal routine etc (termed widely as ‘work boundary conflict’) which has created challenges to employees and management alike. Despite the challenges and the fading away of the pandemic in 2022-23, several companies especially the multinationals with work force across the world are considering having remote working as the norm in their ‘future of work’ model. It is in this context that ensuring motivation and productivity amongst employees in such a work-boundary conflict has become the key focus point for managements across the world. Managers need to quickly adapt to the changing work model and are in a befuddled state as to what is expected from them, how to steer their actions etc. This literature review focusses to identify the key issues faced due to teleworking (time lag in recognition, stress & anxiety for employees, social isolation, skewed appraisals, implementation barriers etc.) and comes up with a recommendation package to the management to ensure motivation and productivity amidst this paradigm shift. Key recommendations include autonomy to workers, use of modern communication tools, management by objectives, focus on emotional intelligence of employees, constant feedback to employees, re-defining training needs etc. Objective of this paper is to act as a ready reckoner for management personnel. This paper also identifies certain gaps in the past researches viz. lack of focus on industry-specific or generation specific attributes of teleworking, limited use of quantitative techniques etc. These raise certain interesting questions and opportunities for future research in this area.

Candidate Term Boundary Conflict Reduction Method for Chinese Geological Text Segmentation

Though Chinese word segmentation (CWS) relies heavily on arithmetic power to train huge models and human work to label corpora, models and algorithms are still less accurate, especially for segmentation in a specific domain. In this study, a high-degree-of-freedom-priority candidate term boundary conflict reduction method (HFCR) is proposed to solve the problem of manually setting thresholds on segmentation based on information entropy. We quantify the uncertainty of left and right character connections of candidate terms and then arrange them in descending order for local comparisons to determine term boundaries. Dynamic numerical comparisons are adopted instead of setting a threshold manually and randomly. Experiments show that the average F1-value of CWS for Chinese geological text is higher than 95% and the F1-value for Chinese general datasets is higher than 87%. Compared with representative tokenizers and the SOTA model, our method performs better, which solves the term boundary conflict problem well and has excellent performance on single geological text segmentation without any samples or labels.

Regional boundary conflict of Malaka Regency versus South Central Timor (TTS) regency in lotas segment

Purpose: This study discusses the territorial boundary conflict between Malaka Regency and South Central Timor Regency. Research Methodology: This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The dominant forms of analysis carried out in case study research are pattern matching, making explanations and time series analysis. Results: The Boundary Conflict of Malaka Regency and South Central Timor Regency in the Lotas Segment was driven by three factors, namely communication, structure, and personal interests. This conflict causes delays in public services, the dissolution of group unity and damages the relationship and communication between the parties involved in the conflict. Limitations: The limitation of this study is the lack of historical investigation of boundary conflicts between the two conflicting areas. Contribution: This research provides a solution for the relevant local governments to negotiate and mediate so that the conflict does not prolong.

ETHIOPIA: CHALO – INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM OF YEM PEOPLE AND ITS IMPLICATION ON PEACE, SECURITY, AND GOOD GOVERNANCE

In Ethiopia, many ethnic groups have developed their own conflict resolution mechanisms. The ethnic group of Yem in south-western Ethiopia is one of those with its own conflict resolution mechanism (the Chalo judicial system). The objective of the study was exploring the practice through which the studied community deals with conflicts by using the Chalo judicial system and its implication for peace, security and good governance. A qualitative research design was employed under which, key informants’ interviews, focus group discussion, document analysis and observations were conducted and the data was analyzed qualitatively. The finding of the study revealed that, the Chalo judicial system plays an important role in maintaining the peace and security of the community. The Chalo judicial system has its own execution time, process, and actors involved. Theft and betrayal, inheritance, boundary conflict, and divorce are some of the sorts of conflict that are presented and handled in the Chalo judiciary. Besides, the study revealed that, while it is used to resolve a wide range of conflicts on the ground, it is not adequately recognized by national law and lacks a strong link with the formal court system. Therefore, this research recommend that the members of the community, the woreda culture and tourism office, higher educational institutions, and the government shall collaborate in order to conserve and pass on this sort of indigenous conflict resolution mechanism which upholds community peace and security to future generations. Keywords: Chalo, elders, indigenous conflict resolution, governance, peace, security.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT LEBONG SEKITAR TAPAL BATAS TENTANG KONFLIK TAPAL BATAS ANTARA KABUPATEN LEBONG DAN KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA

This study aims to determine the perception of the Lebong Community Around the Border About the Boundary Conflict between Lebong Regency and North Bengkulu Regency. The research design used is descriptive qualitative. Meanwhile, the informants in this study were conducted using a purposive sampling method. Collecting data using interview techniques, documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out by interactive analysis. The results of the study show that: (1) The boundary conflict between the Lebong Regency Government and the North Bengkulu Regency Government is motivated by the struggle for territory from the two Regional Governments over the Padang Bano District. (2) In the cognitive dimension, the source of community knowledge comes from old stories/legends from the lebong people and the absence of explicit legal rules governing physical boundaries. (3) The affective dimension, that there are four components of attitude shown by, namely a) the community views border conflict as a government business not their business, b) the community does not care about conflict problems, c) the community is affiliated and supports the Lebong Regency Government, and d) the public perceives the proximity of access and ease of service to be affiliated with the Lebong local government. (4) The conative dimension, that the attitude of the community supports the Lebong Regency government both in terms of opinions and actions in the form of refusing to enter the North Bengkulu Regency area with the first reason; refuse to enter the territory of North Bengkulu Regency by holding a demonstration, second; make their own boundaries in the area that has been determined by the regional government of Lebong Regency, and the last is to remove the gate/boundary sign that has been made by the Regional Government of North Bengkulu Regency.

The Legality of Border Shifts Due to Coastal Reclamation

Based on Declaration of Djuanda, it declared that Indonesia maritime was defined as the entity of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and thus, Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country with a very broad maritime territory directly adjacent to 10 neighboring countries. However, it poses a lot of potential maritime boundary conflict. Supported by this current advanced science, both artificial islands and coastal reclamation were being carried out. Singapore is one having a reclamation named Jurong Island, and it is very close to the territory of NKRI. As an independent country, Indonesia is attempting to protect its territory by having a diplomatic negotiation with Singapore in order to decide the legal certainty over their maritime borders, especially in east area. In addition, they need to define the legal status of that reclaimed island. Based on UNCLOS 1982 article 11 and 80, the legal status of the reclaimed island may not threaten the sovereignty of NKRI as its presence does not change the maritime territory of a country, and it has been agreed in the previous agreement.

Review of International Law (Lex Specialis) on the Problems of the South China Sea (SSS) Boundary Conflict and the View of Indonesia's Diplomacy

The South China Sea (SCS) is a geographical area that is rich in natural resources such as crude oil and is a very strategic area of ​​the economy. The SCS is surrounded by several littoral states which cause conflicts between coastal countries over the right to power over South China. There are at least 9 countries conflicting with each other in the SCS, such as the People's Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Burma and Indonesia. The problem became even more serious when the Declaration of Decision of the International Court of Justice or the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) as the highest international institution was opposed by China because it was considered detrimental and weakening China's power. This research aims to specifically discuss the geographical position of the SCS and international law (especially UNCLOS), diplomacy issues in the maritime sector, how to regulate sea areas according to international law and disputes that occur in the SCS and the role of Indonesian diplomacy in responding to the decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

Boundary work: the Mensendieck system and physiotherapy education in Norway

ABSTRACT The history of physiotherapy can be seen as a history of boundary conflict, as the profession sought to first establish, then maintain, its distinctive professional identity. Traditional approaches to the sociology of the professions support this, seeing professionalization as an ongoing process of enclosure, encroachment, and conflict. Recent work, however, has emphasized the fluidity and collaborative nature of professionalization projects, and placed more emphasis on inter-professional negotiations and disciplinary coexistence. In this paper, we draw on this work to analyze the harmonization of the independent Mensendieck System of medical gymnastics in Norway, and the emerging state-sponsored physiotherapy system. Our contention is that over the course of the middle decades of the 20th century, advocates of the Mensendieck System and providers of orthodox, biomedically informed physiotherapy, came together and found a way to work collaboratively in a shared space without compromising their distinctive professional identities. We argue that this approach both points to ways we might revisit traditional conflict-based analyses of the history of physiotherapy, while also suggesting new ways of imagining how the profession might change in the years to come.

LAND CONFLICTS AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA: AN EVIDENCE FROM DORIMON IN GHANA

This study examined the implication of land conflicts on food security in the Dorimon Traditional Area of the Wa West District of Northern Ghana. The study used a phenomenological research design approach, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection and analysis. Primary data were sought from interviews with household heads, key informants and focus group discussions. Various methods were combined to sample a total of 221 respondents from eight communities and four institutions for the study. The study revealed the existence of numerous land conflicts in the area, prominent among them are the land boundary conflict between the Guse and Dontanga Clans, land ownership conflict between Guo-Nayiri and Guo-Katung Clans and that of land ownership conflict between Charile and Nyimbale communities. Other forms of land conflicts were user conflicts between neighbouring land users and some form of limited access due to discrimination against women and settlers. The main drivers of these land conflicts were greed and selfish interest by individuals, the lack of clear land boundaries between clans, rising population pressure and the weakening of traditional institutions. Meanwhile, the study revealed that 62 per cent of household in the Dorimon Traditional Area were food insecure. It was established that land conflicts affect food security negatively as it leads to low food production, loss of income, destruction of food systems, disruption of herbal health delivery and also depletion of food stalk as a result of sale of food staff in pursuit of conflicts. Customary system of conflict resolution is the most popular system of conflict resolution in the area. In order to improve on the efforts at managing land conflicts and also mitigating their effects on food security, it is recommended that; alternative source of livelihoods should be provided to the people, traditional institutions should be strengthened, land boundaries between clans or communities should clearly be defined, demarcated and documented and, also, there should be strong stakeholder collaboration in land administration.

Tri Hita Karana in Balinese Customary Law as a Basis for The Settlement of the Village Boundary Conflict in Bali

Tri Hita Karana in balinese customary law as a basis for the settlement of the village boundary conflict in bali is the title used in this reseacrh, to demonstrate that the philosophical Tri Hita Karana is an extraordinary thought to solve the problems of the Balinese people, especially to solve the problem of village boundaries in Bali. The technicalities of the philosophical Tri Hita Karana are Parhyangan, Pawongan, Palemahan, so that the Balinese only see three technicalities of Tri Hita Karana. The objectives of this study is to examine the real form of the concept of Tri Hita Karana in resolving village boundary conflicts, and to examine the role of Pekraman Village in implementing the Tri Hita Karana concept as the guardian of the life balance of the Krama/Villager of his village community. This research method uses normative methods, namely legal research that examines written law from various aspects. This research analysis used is the analytical approach to History (approach of Historical analysis). The results revealed that Balinese people in resolving their problems, especially related to village boundaries, must always hold on to the concrete steps of Tri Hita Karana, namely Parhyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan to shape the behavior of Balinese people to bring about conflict resolution by means of family negotiations, and mutual respect and try to understand the problem by way of consensus agreement to achieve good together and create harmony.

Resisting Legibility: State and Conservation Boundaries, Pastoralism, and the Risk of Dispossession through Geospatial Surveys in Tanzania

This article illustrates how the introduction of modern geospatial surveying technology in Tanzania has failed to resolve a boundary conflict between the state and nature conservation authorities on one side and a rural community of pastoralists on the other. Far from fixing a contested geography by resurveying its boundaries and facilitating stakeholder participation for conflict resolution, digital cartography has made visible and reanimated the buried history of mismatched and conflicting logics between state-led territorial administration and conservation, and pastoral land use practices. The article shows how state and conservation officials have relied on the insights from fact-finding exercises to dismiss rural land use practices that are not represented in official maps. Pastoralists resist these state- and conservation-centred cartographic practices of fixed boundaries to maintain a historical, vital geography of seasonal access to pastures and water. By way of conclusion, this article highlights the pitfalls of geospatial land surveys and fact-finding exercises that unearth and lay bare a boundary conflict previously hidden from the state’s view. Through enhanced legibility, rural communities may become visible to the state, risking dispossession and evictions.

Parent-Child Privacy Boundary Conflict Patterns During the First Year of College: Mediating Family Communication Patterns, Predicting Psychosocial Distress

Parent-Child Privacy Boundary Conflict Patterns During the First Year of College: Mediating Family Communication Patterns, Predicting Psychosocial Distress

THE LEGALITY OF BORDER SHIFTS DUE TO COASTAL RECLAMATION

<p>Based on Declaration of Djuanda, it declared that Indonesia maritime was defined as the entity of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and thus, Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country with a very broad maritime territory directly adjacent to 10 neighboring countries. However, it poses a lot of potential maritime boundary conflict. Supported by this current advanced science, both artificial islands and coastal reclamation were being carried out. Singapore is one having a reclamation named Jurong Island, and it is very close to the territory of NKRI. As an independent country, Indonesia is attempting to protect its territory by having a diplomatic negotiation with Singapore in order to decide the legal certainty over their maritime borders, especially in east area. In addition, they need to define the legal status of that reclaimed island. Based on UNCLOS 1982 article 11 and 80, the legal status of the reclaimed island may not threaten the sovereignty of NKRI as its presence does not change the maritime territory of a country, and it has been agreed in the previous agreement.</p>

Konflik Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia Dalam Forum Komunitas Online Dan Perspektif Masyarakat Di Wilayah Perbatasan

<p align="justify">The boundary conflict of Indonesia and Malaysia always related with the differences in perceptions, understanding and responses. Therefore, by using the concept of communicate conflict from Krauss and Morella, this study analyzes the new media and social media-based online discussion forums to find the border issue which often becomes discourse. By using nethnography, texts discourse that causes differences in perception, understanding, and construction is analyzed and then compared with the findings of the actual state of border areas with ethnographic methods. Combined nethnographic and ethnographic methods in collecting, processing, analyzing and discussing the data potential conflict border areas of Indonesia and Malaysia are expected to find and decipher the Indonesia-Malaysia conflict truth. This research shows that online discussion forum users do not understand the context of boundary, while the local community shows that the harmonization of interaction and communication. Conflict in the online community forum is an extension Indonesia-Malaysia bilateral conflict has actually been completed.</p>