Boundary Region Research Articles

Fragment of the phase diagram of the Cu-CrSe2 system at room temperature

The chemical and electrochemical extraction of copper from CuCrSe2 was carried out at room temperature (RT). The compositions corresponding to the boundaries of the homogeneity region of CuyCrSe2 and Cu1-xCrSe2 were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that within the composition range of y from 0 to 0.29, the phase with the structure of CrSe2 with space group P3¯m1 is stable. Furthermore, within the composition range of x from 0 to 0.33, the phase with the structure of delafossite CuCrSe2 (space group R3m) is stable.

Pattern Guided UV Recovery for Realistic Video Garment Texturing.

The fast growth of E-Commerce creates a global market worth USD 821 billion for online fashion shopping. What unique about fashion presentation is that, the same design can usually be offered with different cloths textures. However, only real video capturing or manual per-frame editing can be used for virtual showcase on the same design with different textures, both of which are heavily labor intensive. In this paper, we present a pattern-based approach for UV and shading recovery from a captured real video so that the garment's texture can be replaced automatically. The core of our approach is a per-pixel UV regression module via blended-weight multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) driven by the detected discrete correspondences from the cloth pattern. We propose a novel loss on the Jacobian of the UV mapping to create pleasant seams around the folding areas and the boundary of occluded regions while avoiding UV distortion. We also adopts the temporal constraint to ensure consistency and accuracy in UV prediction across adjacent frames. We show that our approach is robust to a variety type of clothes, in the wild illuminations and with challenging motions. We show plausible texture replacement results in our experiment, in which the folding and overlapping of the garment can be greatly preserved. We also show clear qualitative and quantitative improvement compared to the baselines as well. With the one-click setup, we look forward to our approach contributing to the growth of fashion E-commerce.

Do inpainting yourself: Generative facial inpainting guided by exemplars

We present EXE-GAN, a novel exemplar-guided facial inpainting framework using generative adversarial networks. Our approach not only preserves the quality of the input facial image but also completes the image with exemplar-like facial attributes. We achieve this by simultaneously leveraging the global style of the input image, the stochastic style generated from the random latent code, and the exemplar style of the exemplar image. We introduce a novel attribute similarity metric to encourage the networks to learn the style of facial attributes from the exemplar in a self-supervised way. To guarantee the natural transition across the boundaries of inpainted regions, we introduce a novel spatial variant gradient backpropagation technique to adjust the loss gradients based on the spatial location. We extensively evaluate EXE-GAN on public CelebA-HQ and FFHQ datasets with practical applications, which demonstrates the superior visual quality of facial inpainting. The source code is available at https://github.com/LonglongaaaGo/EXE-GAN.

Оптимално разпределение на ресурс по контура на област на двумерно брауново движение

The probability of successfully intercepting a Brownian motion on the boundary of a plane region has been investigated. The probability has been represented as a function of the distribution of some resources over the boundary of the region. The optimal distribution of the resource has been found.

A Deep Learning-Based Three-Stage Method for Spillway Blockage Detection in Reservoirs

Spillway blockage detection is crucial for flood prevention and disaster reduction in reservoirs. To address the challenge of detecting the spillway blockages under complex environmental conditions such as rain and fog, this study proposed a three-stage spillway blockage detection method based on deep learning. This method involved the removal of the rain and fog interference, the segmentation of the spillway boundary region, and blockage detection. First, a rain and fog interference removal algorithm based on the dark channel prior theory was developed. Next, an improved lightweight DeepLabv3+ semantic segmentation algorithm was adopted to segment the spillway region from the images. Finally, the improved YOLOv7 object detection algorithm was utilized to identify the blockage debris within a segmented spillway area. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method achieved an average precision of 80.32% under normal conditions and 77.77% under complex conditions, representing improvements of 9.93% and 6.65%, respectively, compared to traditional methods. This method significantly enhanced the detection and identification of blockages in complex environments and could provide effective support for intelligent reservoir flood control and disaster reduction.

Evaluation method of distribution network operation status based on local fuzzy measure in boundary region

With the increasing complexity of the distribution network, the proportion of abnormal data in the monitoring data of the distribution network and its daily work is extremely low. Traditional clustering analysis methods are difficult to effectively solve the imbalance problem. Therefore, this paper introduces the influence parameters that can adaptively adjust the cluster center of local samples in the boundary area, and improves the cluster center update formula, and proposes a method of distribution network operation state evaluation based on the local blur measurement of the boundary region. The research results found that the five evaluation indicators of the proposed algorithm were 112, 0, 2, 26, and 5, respectively, all of which were superior to the comparison algorithms. The research results showed that the cluster center update optimization method based on local fuzzy measure in boundary region could effectively reduce the negative impact of the edge region occupied by most clusters on its clustering effect, so that the cluster center was always in an ideal position. At the same time, the example results showed that the research method had a risk prediction of 0.91 for power outage networks, which was close to the real situation and had high accuracy. It can provide reference for the operation and maintenance work of power grid personnel, eliminate hidden dangers in advance, and ensure the safe operation of the power grid.

Modified Born series with virtual absorbing boundary enabling large-scale electromagnetic simulation

Numerical electromagnetic field solvers are significant for nanophotonic and photoelectronic technology, especially for computational imaging, metasurface, and biomedical microscopy, in which large-scale simulations serve as the core. Conventionally, these simulations use absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) to simulate open-domain systems. However, the existing ABCs require large memory to sufficiently suppress reflection at boundaries, which is prohibitive for large-scale applications. This work proposes a virtual absorbing boundary condition based on the angular spectrum method (ASM) to reduce the memory usage of ABC. The ASM is used to cover the polluted field in the boundary region, which eliminates the need to store the field in the boundary region. Combined with the Fourier transforms-based modified Born series, memory usage can be reduced to a level close to the theoretical limit. This proposed method offers a substantial boost for applications related to large-scale simulations and memory-constrained devices like GPU.

In‐Situ Pt‐Decorated, Direct Growth of Mixed Phase 2H/1T–MoSe2 on Carbon Paper for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Metal dichalcogenide‐based 2D materials, gained considerable attention recently as a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst. In this work, we synthesized MoSe2‐based electrocatalyst via hydrothermal route with varying phase contents (1T/2H) and respective HER performances were evaluated under the acidic media (0.5 m H2SO4), where best HER performance was obtained from the sample consisting of mixed 1T/2H phases, which was directly grown on a carbon paper (167 mV at 10 mA cm−2) Furthermore, HER performance of electrocatalyst was further improved by in‐situ electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles (0.15 wt%) on the MoSe2 surface, which lead to significant enhancement in the HER performances (133 mV at 10 mA cm−2). Finally, we conducted density functional theory calculations to reveal the origin of such enhanced performances when the mixed 1T/2H phases were present, where phase boundary region (1T/2H heterojunction) act as a low energy pathway for H2 adsorption and desorption via electron accumulation effect. Moreover, presence of the Pt nanoparticles tunes the electronic states of the MoSe2 based catalyst, resulting in the enhanced HER activity at heterointerface of 1T/2H MoSe2 while facilitating the hydrogen adsorption and desorption process providing a low energy pathway for HER. These results provide new insight on atomic level understanding of the MoSe2 based catalyst for HER application.

Chloroplast genome of four Amorphophallus species: genomic features,comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships among Amorphophallus species

BackgroundThe genus Amorphophallus (Araceae) contains approximately 250 species, most of which have high ecological and economic significance. The chloroplast genome data and the comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast genome structure of Amorphophallus is limited. In this study, four chloroplast genomes of Amorphophallus were sequenced and assembled. For the first time, comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes were conducted on the 13 Amorphophallus species in conjunction with nine published sequences.ResultsThe Amorphophallus chloroplast genomes exhibited typical quadripartite structures with lengths ranging from 164,417 to 177,076 bp. These structures consisted of a large single copy (LSC, 90,705 − 98,561 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 14,172 − 21,575 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,225 − 35,204 bp). The genomes contain 108 − 113 unique genes, including 76 − 79 protein-coding genes, 28 − 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The molecular structure, gene order, content, codon usage, long repeats, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) within Amorphophallus were generally conserved. However, several variations in intron loss and gene expansion on the IR-SSC boundary regions were found among these 13 genomes. Four mutational hotspot regions, including trnM-atpE, atpB, atpB-rbcL and ycf1 were identified. They could identify and phylogeny future species in the genus Amorphophallus. Positive selection was found for rpl36, ccsA, rpl16, rps4, rps8, rps11, rps12, rps14, clpP, rps3, ycf1, rpl20, rps2, rps18, rps19, atpA, atpF, rpl14, rpoA, rpoC1, rpoC2 and rps15 based on the analyses of Ka/Ks ratios. Phylogenetic inferences based on the complete chloroplast genomes revealed a sister relationship between Amorphophallus and Caladieae. All Amorphophallus species formed a monophyletic evolutionary clade and were divided into three groups, including CA-II, SEA, and CA-I. Amorphophallus albus, A. krausei, A. kachinensis and A. konjac were clustered into the CA-II clade, A. paeoniifolius and A. titanum were clustered into the SEA clade, A. muelleri ‘zhuyajin1’, Amorphophallus sp, A. coaetaneus, A. tonkinensis and A. yunnanensis were clustered into CA- I clade.ConclusionsThe genome structure and gene content of Amorphophallus chloroplast genomes are consistent across various species. In this study, the structural variation and comparative genome of chloroplast genomes of Amorphophallus were comprehensively analyzed for the first time. The results provide important genetic information for species classification, identification, molecular breeding, and evolutionary exploration of the genus Amorphophallus.

A Z-number-based three-way decision method with classification-based state determination for the evaluation of new energy enterprises

New energy enterprises are important promoting factors for sustainable development of modern society. Limited budgets of governments require that new energy enterprises should be efficiently evaluated before they are founded. Existing evaluation methods ignored the hesitation of experts to some alternatives. Although the three-way decision method has been applied widely as a method to evaluate alternatives, the determination of the state set has not been deeply discussed. To solve these challenges, this paper proposes a Z-number-based three-way decision method with classification-based state determination, which can assign alternatives with hesitation to a boundary region for further consideration and compute the conditional probability with a classification-based method. First, since traditional fuzzy sets cannot ensure the reliability of decision information, an evaluation matrix based on Z-numbers is constructed. Second, a fuzzy best-worst method is applied to determine the weights of criteria. Third, the conditional probability is computed based on classification-based state sets that are obtained by a sorting method. An example regarding the evaluation and selection of new energy enterprises demonstrates the validity and stability of the proposed method. The comparison analysis shows that our proposed method can divide alternatives into different regions efficiently and is less affected by the variation of parameters.

Improved photoprotection in the UVA/visible radiation boundary region is essential to prevent DNA damage, oxidative stress and gene expression changes in human skin

AbstractBackgroundStudies have demonstrated the potential for damage caused by exposure to radiation at the UVR/visible border region (380–410 nm) and beyond. This includes potentially mutagenic delayed DNA damage, increased gene expression related to photoageing and inflammation, pigmentation and the production of reaction oxygen species. Photoprotection in this region is limited, with a focus on shorter, more energetic UVR regions.ObjectivesTo assess the ability of two sunscreens for their ability to prevent photodamage in the UVA/visible region. Both sunscreens were labelled as SPF 15 and would meet requirements for labelling as UVA protective in the EU and USA. Their ingredients were identical apart from the addition of bis‐ (diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoyl) piperazine (BDBP), a recently approved organic filter that absorbs between 350 and 425 nm.MethodsSunscreens were assessed in vitro in human cell lines and in vivo in healthy human volunteers (Fitzpatrick skin type I–II volunteers). Endpoints were assessed including oxidative stress, gene expression and DNA damage.ResultsThe formulation including the new filter provided significantly more protection than the conventional sunscreen for almost all endpoints tested. The conventional formulation provided some protection compared to unprotected skin or placebo control.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the requirement for improved photoprotection at the UVR‐visible border region and the importance of assessing sunscreens across a broader range of wavelengths than currently approved protocols require.

A VIKOR-Based Sequential Three-Way Classification Ranking Method

VIKOR uses the idea of overall utility maximization and individual regret minimization to afford a compromise result for multi-attribute decision-making problems with conflicting attributes. Many researchers have proposed corresponding improvements and expansions to make it more suitable for sorting optimization in their respective research fields. However, these improvements and extensions only rank the alternatives without classifying them. For this purpose, this text introduces the three-way sequential decisions method and combines it with the VIKOR method to design a three-way VIKOR method that can deal with both ranking and classification. By using the final negative ideal solution (NIS) and the final positive ideal solution (PIS) for all alternatives, the individual regret value and group utility value of each alternative were calculated. Different three-way VIKOR models were obtained by four different combinations of individual regret value and group utility value. In the ranking process, the characteristics of VIKOR method are introduced, and the subjective preference of decision makers is considered by using individual regret, group utility, and decision index values. In the classification process, the corresponding alternatives are divided into the corresponding decision domains by sequential three-way decisions, and the risk of direct acceptance or rejection is avoided by putting the uncertain alternatives into the boundary region to delay the decision. The alternative is divided into decision domains through sequential three-way decisions, sorted according to the collation rules in the same decision domain, and the final sorting results are obtained according to the collation rules in different decision domains. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method are verified by a project investment example, and the results are compared and evaluated. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a significant correlation with the results of other methods, ad is effective and feasible, and is simpler and more effective in dealing with some problems. Errors caused by misclassification is reduced by sequential three-way decisions.

SHIPBUILDING OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE: FROM STATE MONOPOLY TO CLUSTER INTEGRATION

The purpose of this article is to determine the prospects of Ukrainian shipbuilding, based on a review of its historical development. Methodology. In this study, the authors used a mix of methods for collecting, systematising and processing information. Primary data was collected through a review of thematic publications and research conducted by predecessors. Retrospective analysis was used to identify trends in the historical development of the shipbuilding sector of the domestic economy. Statistical analysis was used to determine its current state and foreseeable future. Results. Since Porter's introduction of the cluster theory, the Ukrainian shipbuilding business has failed to take advantage of the benefits it has offered. It has been reckless in building cluster potential as a tool for local economic development and community (hromada) management. While most shipbuilding and related enterprises are concentrated in the areas limited by the administrative boundaries of the country's Black Sea regions. Pessimists insist that the chances of success have been lost completely and irrevocably. The authors, on the other hand, based on a generalisation of current practice, observe the Phoenix effect. The authors illustrate it empirically. In particular, on the example of the Ukrainian Maritime Cluster (UMC). Practical implications. The first part of the article explores the former power of Ukrainian shipyards. The second part discusses the constructive initiatives of the modern shipbuilding business. The third part highlights the initiative to create the UMC. Value / Originality. This paper adds to the existing understanding and provides empirical evidence of the strong and untapped potential of the country's shipbuilding cluster. It also focuses on its attractiveness for cooperation with foreign investors after the onset of peace. The originality of this study lies in the holistic study of shipbuilding practice in the context of development. The authors are optimistic despite the war and the tragic consequences that accompany it.

Differential evolution with spherical search algorithm for nonlinear engineering and infectious disease optimization problems

Metaheuristic algorithms for constrained optimization are popular because of their simplicity and ability to find global solutions. However, they can be computationally demanding and may struggle with identifying feasible points. In this study, we propose a new algorithm, Differential Evolution with Spherical Search (DESS), which combines spherical search to explore feasible regions and differential evolution to exploit promising points. Spherical Search (SS) is a recent algorithm that explores a spherical region around each population member and uses gradient repair to guide the solutions towards the feasible region. We incorporate SS into a multi-operator differential evolution with archiving, which uses hierarchical sorting to handle the constraints. Moreover, DESS implements an interior point method as a local search to obtain more accurate solutions. We also introduce an infeasible operator that allows DESS to examine infeasible regions near the global solution. This is particularly helpful for problems where the global solution lies along the boundary of the feasible region. DESS was tested on 57 benchmark objective functions from recent real-world constrained problems, with dimensions ranging from 2 to 158 and up to 148 constraints. It outperformed 18 state-of-the-art methods, achieving a 98% feasibility rate and finding superior solutions. DESS excelled in complex problems, including power systems, power electronics, and livestock feed optimization. It was also applied to a constrained optimization problem involving an ordinary differential equation, demonstrating its practical relevance and versatility.

Micromechanical study of core barrel drilling for rotary drilling rigs based on the discrete element method

Abstract This study developed a gravel soil granular bed model using the discrete element method, elaborating on the core barrel drilling process by integrating bond-breaking and particle flow patterns. A quantitative description of the drilling process is achieved by defining bond-breaking efficiency. The results indicate that the force on particles near the drill tooth is the greatest, and this force increases with the core barrel feed rate, which enhances drilling efficiency and exacerbates wear on the drill tooth and guide bars. An increase in rotational speed raises the force on the particles in the boundary region, leading to deeper wear of the guide bar; however, the enlargement of particle voids near the drill tooth mitigates wear. Additionally, a coupled discrete element method and finite element method are developed to analyse the effects of drilling parameters on drill tooth deformation, revealing that the design of the open hole at the top of the drill can effectively reduce the maximum equivalent stress and wear depth. The conclusions drawn contribute to understanding particle mechanics, the particle bonding damage mechanism, and drilling mechanical behavior, providing a reference for optimizing drilling operations and drill design.

Extremality as a consistency condition on subregion duality

In JT gravity coupled to a CFT, I argue without using the path integral that the entanglement wedge of a boundary region is bounded by a quantum extremal surface (QES). For any candidate not bounded by a QES, a unitary in the complement can make reconstruction within the candidate inconsistent with boundary causality. The case without islands is a direct consequence of subregion duality, and the case with islands can also be dealt with with a stronger assumption.

Walking the Line: Young Stars on the Boundary of the Epsilon Cha and Lower Centaurus Crux Associations

Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) has provided the largest and most astrometrically precise catalog of nearby stars to date, allowing for a more complete membership census of nearby, young stellar moving groups. These loose associations of young (age <100 Myr) stars within ∼100 pc are vital laboratories for the study of the early evolution of low-mass stars and planetary systems. We have exploited DR3 data to examine the boundary region between two of the youngest nearby moving groups, the ∼3–8 Myr-old ϵ Cha Association (ECA) and an ∼8 Myr-old subpopulation of the sprawling Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC) young star complex. Using spatiokinematic and color–magnitude criteria designed to select stars in the ECA, we identify ∼54 new young-star candidates that extend from the ECA core to the southern edge of the LCC. Included among our new candidates are six previously unidentified ultra-low-mass, mid- to late-M stars, lying near the future hydrogen-burning limit, which display significant infrared excesses. Our spatial, kinematic, and CMD analysis of these new candidates and previously established LCC and ECA members blurs the boundary between these groups and provides evidence for a wave of continuous star formation extending from north (LCC) to south (ECA). We discuss the factors which studies of nearby young moving groups must consider when constraining the ages of stars in these groups.

Abstract 4135229: Endothelial glycocalyx shedding during ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction

Background: Endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a layer of glycosaminoglycans adhered to proteoglycans that cover the inner surface of the vessels. The integrity of this structure sustains some vascular properties such as shear stress-induced nitric oxide release and the prevention of platelets and neutrophils adhesion on the vessel surface. eGC shedding could contribute to atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) installation. This research investigated whether acute eGC damage and microvascular dysfunction occurred during AMI. Methods: Sublingual microcirculation was assessed through Capiscope HCVS Handheld Video Capillaroscopy System (KK Technology, Honiton, UK) during the first 72h of hospital admission because of ST-elevation AMI (before) and repeated around six months later (after). All images were automatically analyzed using the GlycoCheck (Alpine, UT, USA), which estimated the perfused vascular density (PVD), the red blood cell (RBC) filling of the vessels, the perfused boundary region (PBR) in µm, an inverse parameter of the eGC thickness; and the microvascular health score (MVHS). This score ranges from 0-10; the lower its numerical value, the greater the microvascular impairment. Results: Twenty patients were included (61±10 years old, 85% males, 55% anterior AMI, 70% hypertension, 25% diabetes, 45% current smoker, all underwent primary PCI). The time between the two sublingual assessments was 188±31 days. The PBR [1.96±0.22µm vs. 1.84±0.19µm]; p=0.047 and flow-adjusted PBR [1.40±0.25µm vs. 1.24±0.16µm]; p=0.045 decreased statistically significant over time. The RBC filling [71.56±4.33% vs. 74.02±3.88%]; p=0.016 and the MVHS [4.28 (interquartile range (IRQ) 3.38-4.90) vs. 5.04 (IQR 4.37-6.00)]; p=0.044 increased statistically significant over time. The PVD [500±86 x10-2µm/mm vs. 522±84x10-2µm/mm]; p=0.255 did not modify over time. Conclusion: This finding was compatible with eGC shedding and microvascular dysfunction during AMI and later reconstitution of this structure after six months.

PWOs repress gene transcription by regulating chromatin structures in Arabidopsis.

PWWP-DOMAIN INTERACTOR OF POLYCOMBS (PWO) family proteins play a vital role in regulating plant development. However, the molecular mechanisms of how PWOs regulate chromatin structure is elusive. Our data show that the PWO1 binding sites are enriched with positive modifications but exclusive with H3K27me3. Moreover, PWO1 binds to the H3K27me3-enriched compartment domain (H3K27me3-CD) boundary regions, and functions to maintain the boundary strength. Meanwhile, we found that PWOs and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) function parallelly in maintaining H3K27me3-CDs' structure. Loss of either PWOs or PRC2 leads to H3K27me3-CD strength reduction, B to A compartment switching as well as the H3K27me3-CD relocating away from the nuclear periphery. Additionally, PWOs and lamin-like proteins collaborate to regulate multiple chromatin structures to repress gene transcription within H3K27me3-CDs. We conclude that PWOs maintain H3K27me3-CDs' repressive state and regulate their spatial position in the nucleus.

Comparative analysis of chloroplast genome of Lonicera japonica cv. Damaohua.

Lonicera japonica is a well-known medicinal plant, and the Damaohua cultivar is one of the oldest known honeysuckle cultivars in China. The 155,151 bp chloroplast genome of this cultivar was obtained through Illumina sequencing. The genome includes a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb; 23,789 bp each), a large single-copy region (88,924 bp), and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,649 bp). In total, 127 unique genes were identified: 80 protein-coding, 39 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Only ycf3 contained two introns. Eighty-nine large repetitive sequences and 54 simple sequence repeats were detected. Fifty potential RNA editing sites were predicted. Adaptive evolution analysis revealed that infA, matK, petB, petD, rbcL, rpl16, rpl2, rps3, ycf1, and ycf2 were positively selected, possibly reflecting the specific environmental adaptations of this cultivar. Sequence alignment and analysis revealed several candidate fragments for Lonicera species identification, such as the intergenic regions rpoB-petN, rbcL-accD, and psaA-ycf3. The IR region boundary and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the L. japonica cv. Damaohua chloroplast genome was most closely related to the L. japonica genome, but there were five distinct differences between the two. There are four sites with high variability between L. japonica and L. japonica cv. Damaohua with nucleotide variability (Pi) greater than 0.002, including rps2-rpoC2, atpB-rbcL, ycf1, and ycf1-trnN GUU. The differences between L. japonica and L. japonica cv. Damaohua were further confirmed by the single nucleotide polymorphism sites between these two species. Therefore, this study revealed that the chloroplast genome can serve as a universal super barcode for plant identification, which can identify differences and help distinguish Lonicera japonica from related species. An understanding of Lonicera japonica cv. Damaohua chloroplast genomics and a comparative analysis of Lonicera species will provide a scientific basis for breeding, species identification, systematic evolution analysis, and chloroplast genetic engineering research on medicinal honeysuckle plants.