Botanical Terms Research Articles

CHARACTERISTICS OF REPRESENTATION OF PHYTONYMS IN LATIN BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE IN UZBEK LANGUAGE

This article discusses the peculiarities of the manifestation of botanical terms in Latin and Uzbek languages. We have acquainted with the appearance of the expression of phytonym and our great thinkers, who classified and described medicinal plants and their properties. We have tried to study and reveal the components of medicinal plants.

Pityopsis - Silkgrass

The genus Pityopsis, the silkgrasses, are perennial forbs that look like grass with silky, silver hairs. Recognizing different species of silkgrass is important for land managers who are striving to restore specific plant communities and for nurseries selling and distributing native plant materials throughout Florida. Academic botanical keys make identification of silkgrass species challenging for those without a botanical background. This publication provides a breakdown of botanical terms used to describe silkgrass species and a guide with pictures and descriptions of various species to aid in differentiating between them. In addition, the publication provides information about phenology, seed harvesting, and propagation for silkgrasses and presents many practical applications for these attractive and useful plants.

Accurate Botanical Nomenclature: Pomegranate and the 'Aril' Misconception.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) attracts attention in studies for its nutritional and medicinal properties. However, a recurring issue in the literature arises due to the multidisciplinary nature of these studies, leading to a mistaken repetition of basic botanical terms. The problem stems from the misapplication of the term "aril" to the pomegranate seed, despite the fruit being exariled, signifying the absence of an aril. This confusion may be attributed to the sarcotesta's appearance, resembling a complete aril, coupled with a lack of awareness in fields such as medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetics. This study specifically examines the Kingdom-variety pomegranate, due its economic importance in the fruit market. The fruits were evaluated at different developmental stages-initial, intermediate, and commercial. Magnification photography techniques were used to study the development state of the pomegranate fruits. The physiological studies confirm that the pomegranate seed constitutes the complete grain, with the juicy, sweet part surrounding it identified as the testa, not an aril. The findings underscore a persistent error in the existing literature, emphasizing the necessity for dissemination and education in future studies. A thorough grasp of pomegranate anatomy and precise use of terminology are indispensable for ensuring accuracy and rigor in scientific communication.

Translated special literature – Heinrich Kawall and his book „Dieva radijumi pasaule” (“God’s creatures in the World”)

The study provides an insight into the life history of a Baltic German pastor H. Kawall and illustrates his contribution into the knowledge transfer in the field of botany and during the early stages of the Latvian botanical terminology development. Mainly his work “God’s Creatures in the World” („Dieva radījumi pasaulē”, 1860), which is the Latvian translation of the book “Die Naturgeschichte für Kinder und Elementarschüler, oder erster Unterricht über das Mineralreich, Pflanzenreich und Tierreich, mit über 300 kolorierten Abbildungen” (1855), is described in the study. The study discusses translation strategy used by H. Kawall in the Latvian translation when searching for equivalents of German botanical terms and thinking about the addressee of his work. The Latvian botanical terms used in H. Kawall’s work are also analysed in relation to the contemporary botanical terminology. The research of older translations is instrumental in understanding the history of translation; the findings of the research are useful for contemporary translation practice.

Forbidden Botany

Forbidden Botany is a game, modeled after Taboo, that lets students think factually and conceptually about definitions and identify gaps in their botanical vocabulary while building upon the knowledge they have already acquired. Students typically struggle with learning botanical terms because they can be lineage specific and may be novel to students upon introduction. Throughout much of biological education, botanical sections of courses tend to be presented in a much less exciting way than animal counterparts and with relatively less frequency, resulting in less botanical knowledge and appreciation. This interactive game was developed for undergraduate biology to provide greater exposure to botanical terminology, combat plant awareness disparity, and aid in plant identification.

The correspondences and non-correspondences between Chinese and Portuguese language and culture: An analysis of botanical terms

Apesar de pertencerem a duas famílias linguísticas totalmente distintas, encontra-se sempre uma traduzibilidade entre a língua chinesa e portuguesa. O primeiro dicionário Português-Chinês de Matteo Ricci e Michele Ruggieri do século XVII é a evidência mais persuasiva desse fato. Por um lado, não há carência de obras-primas de tradução nos dias de hoje e, por outro lado, o intercâmbio cultural intensifica-se a ritmo acelerado à medida que o processo de globalização se aprofunda. Torna-se premente prestar atenção à existência de diferenças existentes nas duas culturas diferentes e às não correspondências na sua tradução. O conhecimento parcial em relação a outra cultura pode originar uma tradução imprecisa e resultar em equívoco a respeito de outros conceitos associados em sequência. É indubitável que as diferenças de espécies biológicas e culturais são as que mais causam o fenômeno da não correspondência. Todavia, a procura de conceitos similares na cultura da língua de chegada é igualmente uma estratégia frequentemente utilizada, facilitando tanto o trabalho de tradutor, quanto a compreensão do público-alvo. Porém, a facilitação da tradução pode trazer mal-entendidos. No entanto, a não correspondência relativamente a hiperónimos e hipónimos entre as duas culturas dificulta, de certo modo, a tradução de alguns conceitos. O presente trabalho pretende exemplificar algumas das questões de não correspondências entre as duas línguas, com o objetivo de contribuir para a melhor compreensão entre a língua chinesa e portuguesa.

Two Ways of Representing Specialist Knowledge: Analysing the Botanical Lexicon in Diccionario de la Lengua Española and Diccionario del Español de México

Abstract This article explores the lexicographic codification of botanical knowledge in two general dictionaries: Diccionario de la lengua española (2014 [2021]), produced by the Real Academia Española in Spain, and Diccionario del español de México (2019), published by El Colegio de México. It begins with a historical overview of the inclusion of botanical terminology in general dictionaries by the Real Academia Española and by other authors. Then, it analyses the degree to which the botanical terms included in each dictionary meet the inclusion criteria established. Finally, it focuses on diatechnical labelling and the differences between the two dictionaries in terms of the disciplines to which terms are assigned. This allows us to draw conclusions regarding the representation of this field of knowledge in the two dictionaries and the lexicographic techniques used to produce them.

(258–260) Proposals to eliminate contradiction between Articles 11.7 and 11.8 and to equate non‐fossil with fossil names of dinophytes for purposes of priority

(258–260) Proposals to eliminate contradiction between Articles 11.7 and 11.8 and to equate non‐fossil with fossil names of dinophytes for purposes of priority

Aleksandra Wolfgang – kobieta świata nauki i literatury I połowy XIX wieku

The nineteenth century is known as a time of urbanization and industrialization, a time of new concepts, changes in the structure, cohesiveness and value system of contemporary societies. This kind of ideological and cultural eclecticism was not fully applicable in the process of shaping the perception of a woman. Women were still considered to be bereft of individuality while femininity was perceived as a negative trait and a manifestation of selfishness, with men’s dominant position conditioned by traditions, customs and the law.Aleksandra Tekla Sofia Wolfgang (1805–1861) was born to a family of Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang, a scientist, professor of pharmacy, pharmacology and chemistry, and Helena Aloiza Pacowski. Aleksandra made contribution to history by devoting her life to work, scientific and literary, thus giving up her family life. She began literary and scientific activity at the age of sixteen by writing articles, poems, and translating historical works (mostly from French) for the Vilnius press. She translated into Polish scientific works of her father and other world-renowned researchers. In the journal Dzieje Dobroczynności Krajowey i Zagraniczney [eng. The History of National and Foreign Charity] she was the only woman publishing under her own name. In the course of creating a herbarium to describe the flora of Samogitia, Jerzy Pabreż took advantage of some of Alexandra’s proposals to give new names to the plants. Aleksandra Wolfgang made her contribution to the development of botany in Lithuania by creating a herbarium, conducting experiments with plants in natural conditions and describing the surroundings. After her father’s death, she finished his Dictionary of Botanical Terms. She is also the author of the first publications in the Vilnius press about the history of education of the deaf and mute, which in 1830 resulted in the publication of a monograph entitled Rys historyczny usiłowań w uczeniu głuchoniemych i zakładów na ten cel przeznaczonych [Historical outline of education for the deaf and mute and the relevant establishments], written on behalf of all Lithuanians waiting for the support and benevolence of Alexandra Romanova, Empress of Russia. Aleksandra Wolfgang’s writing, especially her correspondence, shows the expressive, creative and scientific activity of Stefan Batory University during its closure by the tsar. For Alexandra Wolfgang, the life devoted to science and society was the simplest way to create and develop general good, which was acknowledged and emphasized by her contemporary scientists.

Ortaçağ Türk Şiirinde “Sünbül” İmgesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

In the literature of medieval Turkish civilization, the concept of "sünbül" has a very rich variety of usage. This diversity has manifested itself in the humanities as well as in the natural and applied sciences, especially in Turkish poetry, where the concept of sünbül is widely used. How does the concept of sünbül differ between texts of natural and applied sciences and literature? In literary texts, it is necessary to investigate what is meant by the use of sünbül. In this study, we discussed what is meant by the use of sünbül in poetry by comparing the works created using Turkish in the Middle Ages in natural and applied sciences with the medieval Turkish poetry. In the literature of medieval Turkish civilization, the concept of "sünbül" is a concept used in the disciplines of botany, astrology and semiotics, as well as its use as a poetic image. In our study, a general viewpoint has been created to cover the definition and usage areas of the use of sünbül in the works of the Old Anatolian Turkish period, and in the conclusion part, all these uses and the values that the concept expresses. According to our findings, the use of "sünbül" in Turkish poetry is related to its terminology in the three disciplines. As a botanical term, a relation was established between the sünbül and the ideal woman's hair, and the pleasant scents of the plants known as sünbül in the Middle Ages, the filamentous structures seen in the root systems of these plants or, possibly, the inflorescence. As the term of astronomy, sünbül is meant by establishing a visual similarity with the concept of sünbül, which is used as a botanical term, and the modern sign of Virgo, called "sünbüle". As a semiotic term, the sünbül was used to indicate the perfect hair of the ideal woman, as well as the scent of this hair, it has also been mentioned among the elements that complement the beauty of a unique and celestial garden from time to time. This study also argues that in addition to the aforementioned forms of use, the establishment of the relationship between “sünbül” and “zülüf” is an evolved manifestation of the feeling of gratitude towards the goddesses of agriculture in Antiquity. Keywords: History of plants, Medieval astronomy, Medieval botany, Medieval semiology, spikenard.

Goji Berry (Lycİum spp.) Cultivation in Turkey

Abstract The goji berry (Lycium spp.) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The genus Lycium comprises 87 recognised species and is distributed in arid and semi-arid regions in temperate to subtropical zones in the world. In botanical terms, there are three types of Lycium species known as wolf-berry and commercially grown in the whole world: Lycium barbarum L. (2n = 24), Lycium chinense Miller (n = 12), and Lycium ruthenicum Murray (n = 12). Wolfberry is a herb growing naturally in both the mild and tropical areas of East, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa. Also known as wolfberry (Lycium spp.), the motherland of wolfberry is China and it can even be grown in the Himalayas, the highest points of Tibet and Mongolia. Recently, in Turkey goji berry became a popular fruit due to its health benefit compounds, especially phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to conduct a historical assessment of the botanic properties and cultivation of wolfberry plant and to provide information on the types and cultivars grown commonly in Turkey, distribution areas of production, consumption and use as a technologic product, marketing status, benefits for human health, multiplication and production techniques.

Cohort study on recognition of plant species using Deep Learning methods

Plants play a vital role in each living organism’s life since it maintains the environment and provides us valuable medicine, food, fragrance etc. Knowledge of species is important for the protection of biodiversity. The identification of species of plants by a manual method by botanist is tedious work besides the complex botanical terms used by an expert are annoying for a non-expert. This may lead to the obstruction for learners interested in procuring knowledge of plant species. By applying the classification of species one can also capture crops from weed for automated weedicide. Species of plant recognition are a matter of huge significance in various areas of farming, maintenance of environmental, natural, manufactured goods and medicine invention, and other related areas. Leaf color leaves contour, shape, leaf size, flowers, texture, margins, etc. are the features of plants which can be used for classification, and however, extraction of traits from selected features is the most important status in the classification. In this paper, a review-based study is done which is based on approaches such as Machine learning algorithm, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), etc. are compared. Various classification methods like K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Naïve baise(NB), Random forest are also studied. Mostly used datasets such as Flavia, swedish, Leafsnap, ICL with their species wise features were studied.

Abramova Guba: Towards the Etymology of the Myconym

The article attempts to clarify the origin of a number of names of mushrooms and fungal growths on a tree (myconyms): abramka, abramukha, obramushka, Abramova (obramova) guba <Abram’s lip>, Abramov grib <Abram’s mushroom> attested in the Yaroslavl dialects of the Russian language. Researching the etymology of such words which are formally close to anthroponyms, requires considering some specific factors: a) semantic features of certain components of the name (denotative reference, indication of gender, prevalence of usage, etc.), b) the nature of paronymic attraction to the personal name, particularly in colloquial speech. In terms of deanthroponymic logic of the origin of myconyms, the name Abram can be interpreted as: a) the name of the biblical patriarch, b) a secondary ethnonym, c) a pejorative characteristic of a person (regardless of ethnicity). However, there are several factors that testify against the hypothetical relation between the myconyms and this personal name, such as: the lack of connection with the biblical character and the corresponding botanical terms in Latin and other Western European languages; the absence of “Jewish” or “male” names of mushrooms in the Russian language. On the other hand, considering the distribution factor (these myconyms are specific to Yaroslavl dialects), it might have been some foreign word borrowed into the Russian language and reanalyzed following the anthroponymic pattern. The analysis of the names of tree growths in the Northern Russian vocabulary carried out by Olga V. Mishchenko proves the possibility of drawing connections with Finno-Ugric borrowings and the need to include the meaning of ‘growth, tumor,’ etc. among the potential origin for myconyms. The author of this article substantiates the etymology from the Mari ováryme ‘tumor’ as by both formal (variation of vowels at the beginning and middle of a word in the source language, correlation of Mari β ~ Russian b, etc.), and semantic (similar naming patterns of ‘something bloated’ → ‘mushroom, mushroom growth’ in both contacting languages) criteria.

Effects of the mobile serious game (Herbarian) with location-based learning on students’ retention of botanical terms and their experiences

Effects of the mobile serious game (Herbarian) with location-based learning on students’ retention of botanical terms and their experiences

PODARIUM (PODARIA) – A CONTROVERSIAL BOTANICAL TERM

Succulent plants and especially cacti require specific botanical terms for their morphological description. Podarium is one such term, used mostly to designate the spine-bearing formations in cacti and thorny succulent euphorbias. The analysis of specialized literature reveals its use by various authors with different meanings. The term is present in dictionaries or specialised glossaries only in the last 30 years, and the definitions are quite varied. The synonymous terms used over time in different languages show that there is no unity regarding the definition of the term, but also regarding the way in which the formation it defines is understood.

PCPM (Prunus cerasifera X Prunus microcarpa ) hybrid rootstock candidate: Identification and production possibilities with hardwood cutting

This study was conducted in the laboratories and greenhouses of Eastern Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute between 2018 and 2020 to identify botanical characteristic of PCPM (Prunus cerasifera X Prunus microcarpa), which is natural hybrid of Prunus cerasifera (PC) and Prunus microcarpa (PM), and to investigate slip production opportunities of it at different IBA 1000 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 3000 mg L-1, 4000 mg L-1. PCPM which was noticed in its natural environment, was followed in botanical terms for 3 years. It was determined that the average fruit weight, fruit width, and fruit length values of PCPM were 1.33 g, 11.93 mm and 12.50 mm, respectively.The soluble solid contents (SSC) values were measured as 15.03 brix in PC, 25 brix in PM, and 27.66 brix in PCPM. It was determined that the annual shoot development was 124.98, 8.41, and 26.15 cm, and the leaf lengths were 64.99, 21.18, and 41.93 mm in PM, PC, and PCPM, respectively. It was also determined that PCPM showed a botanic characteristic between PM and PC, which are its parents in general botanical terms. In rooting with hardwood cutting for PCPM, it showed similar values with Myrobolan 29C, which was the control rootstock, and had average rooting percentage as %80.11, and the average number of roots as 5.27 pcs/slip. The results had a positive effect on rooting increase in hormone application of 2000 mgL-1 concentration with IBA compared with other applications.

Organic Reformations in Richard Powers's The Overstory

Abstract Richard Powers takes the literary concept of “organic form” to new exploratory lengths–and satellite heights–in his latest ecofiction. In particular, the novelist who has proselytized voice-recognition software for the dictation of novelistic prose offers with that advice an unexpected leverage on the structuring “understory” (the botanical term) for his Pulitzer Prize–winning novel The Overstory (2018). In both textual phonetics and mapped thematic links, marked patterns of recurrence are to prose, here as elsewhere, what rhyme and meter are to poetry. In a novel that seeks to attune us to the secret “semaphores” of forest life, such elicited traces of nonhuman signaling articulate a vital terrestrial network evoked through a scale of decoded pattern that, in developing its own stylistic echosystem, answers to the environing field of narrative action, and forest activism, across eight different biographical plotlines in the novel's convergent cast of characters.

When botany inspired pathology of the peripheral nervous system.

Medicine and botany are 2 distinct disciplines of "natural science," one focusing on humans, the other on plants. However, among the life sciences, both were quite close in earlier times. Moreover, the history of neuropathology, especially in the field of the peripheral nervous system, has been marked by many examples of "botanical images" used to describe certain histopathologic structures. We propose to better understand the reasons why neuropathologists used these botanical terms from a number of interesting anecdotes.

Tribal Medicinal Plants Specifically Of Rajasthan

Around seven percent of tribal population of India lives in Rajasthan. Ethnobotany can be defined as the total natural and traditional relationship and the interactions between man and his surrounding plant wealth from times immemorial, due to sheer, necessity, intuition, observation and experimentation. Ethnobotany of India might is among the earliest in the world and all traditional systems of medicine had their roots in ethnobotany. Rajasthan has rich cultural diversity and biodiversity. The world health organization (WHO) has recently recognized the importance of traditional medicinal system in different parts of globe and around 4000 plant spp. have been identified which are used in traditional herbal medicinal system . However, proper identification of these crude drugs in Botanical terms has not been carried out or still remains disputed as different authors ascribed different plants source to various crude drugs (Sanghi and Kumar, 2000). More over several difficult diseases have problem related with vitality, diabetes, memory loss, could be cured effectively by use of herbal medicine, which is generally not possible by the Allopathic medicines. However, there is no systematic documentation of this information. Medicinal plants are distributed across diverse habitats and landscape. Around 70 per cent of India’s medicinal plants are found in tropical areas. Mostly in the various forest types spread across the Western and Eastern ghats, the Vindyas, Chota Nagpur Plateau, Aravallis and Himalayas.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) a dry pericarp fruit with fleshy seeds

BackgroundRecently, pomegranate has established itself as a functional food of increasing interest, both economically and within the scientific community, which has generated a significant increase in publications focused mainly on its characteristics, benefits, and nutritional composition. Scope and approachHowever, despite those papers maintaining scientific rigor, failures and/or errors of interpretation are evidenced concerning basic botanical concepts regarding the pomegranate fruit. Given this, and as a way of contributing to the homogenization of knowledge, this short communication defines the concepts of “seed”, “aril”, and “testa” as specifically applied to the pomegranate fruit by recovering historical botanical publications. Key findings and conclusionsThe literature studied showed incorrect usage of botanical terms regarding pomegranate parts. The pomegranate seed is the whole grain. It is composed of sarcotesta, sclerotized mesotesta, tegmen, nucela, and embryo with cotyledons, and constitutes the edible portion of this complex fruit called balausta. The whole pomegranate seed cannot be called aril, because it is exariled or without aril seed.