Borno State Research Articles

Impact of Climate Change on the Prevalence of Climate-Sensitive Diseases in Bolori 2 Ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State, Northeast Nigeria

Impact of Climate Change on the Prevalence of Climate-Sensitive Diseases in Bolori 2 Ward of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State, Northeast Nigeria

ASSESSMENT OF POULTRY FARMERS AWARENESS ON RECORD KEEPING IN JERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed poultry farmers’ awareness on keeping farm record in Jere Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. The research identified the socio-economic characteristics of the poultry farmers, assessed their level of awareness on record-keeping, and determined factors influencing record-keeping among the respondents. The study employed a two-stage sampling technique to select 150 respondents, and data were collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, Likert scale, and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that most (46%) of the respondents were aged between 36-51 years with majority (70%) predominantly female, 68% had a mean of 7 persons per household with an average of 7 years of poultry farming experience Majority (85%) of the respondents had attained one form of education or the other. Additionally, more than 80% earned less than ₦30,000 to ₦90,000 per production cycle. Majority (86.7%) had a flock size of less than 90 birds. Additionally, while 70% of the respondents recognized the importance of record-keeping in ensuring farm profitability. Logistic regression analysis showed that education level, flock size, knowledge of record-keeping, and access to extension services were significant at 1% level each. The recommend that, Extension services should prioritize training programs, particularly for women, who form the majority of the farming population. Training programs should focused on the importance of record keeping and practical methods for maintaining records.

ASSESSMENT OF SMALL HOLDERS FARMERS' ADOPTION OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE PRACTICES IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed smallholder farmers’ adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture practices in Borno State, Nigeria. Identified socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, assessed the respondents’ adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices and investigated the constraint by respondents in adopting climate-smart agriculture practices. Both primary and secondary sources were used. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 200 respondents as the sample size. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation and likert type scale were used. The findings indicated that, majority (67.5%) of the respondents were within the prime working age of 20-49 years with a mean age of 43 years. Majority (75.5%) were male, 63.5% married with 43.0% had 7-9 persons per household. However, more than half (56%) of the respondents had no formal education, and 56% earn less than 50,000 Naira annually. The study also found that 58% had more than 10 years of farming experience, but only 30% were members of association. Conservation agriculture practices such as reduced tillage, crop residue management, and crop rotation/intercropping were rated 1st with the highest (x = 4.29) implying strong agreement to adoption of conservation agriculture practices. The climate smart agricultural practices highly adopted by the respondents include; water retention and erosion control technique (89%) and efficient fertilizer application technique (79.5%), moderately adopted practices; home garden (63%) and compost making/green manuring (58%), whereas least adopted practices; early warning system (20.0%) and use of more efficient cooking stove (17%). The most severe constraint identified include lack of awareness and limited information about climate smart agriculture practices (x=1.87), as well as limited access to credit (x=1.80). High cost of labor for climate smart agriculture and policy inconsistencies (x=1.32, 1.44) were identified as not severe constraint compared to others. The study recommended that Extension agents and Research institute should create more awareness on impact of adopting Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices and improve easy accessibility to weather and climate information through provision of mobile-based platforms or community radio broadcasts that deliver timely and relevant information.

EARLY MARRIAGE AS CORRELATE OF EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS OF MARRIED FEMALE STUDENTS IN WOMEN DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigated early marriage as correlate of educational and vocational aspirations of married female Students in Women Day Secondary School in Maiduguri. The objectives of the study were to determine relationship between early marriage and educational aspirations of married female students in women day secondary school in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The study further investigate relationship between early marriage and vocational aspirations of married female students in women day secondary school in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The study adopted correlational research design to correlate early marriage, educational and vocational aspirations among married female secondary school students. The population of the study was 1,554 married female students. Three hundred and seven (307) married female students were sampled through purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated and pilot tested using Cronbah’s alpha, the result of pilot test which yielded a reliability coefficient of (r = 0.97) (r = 0.93) Cronbach Alpha. The study concludes that early marriage has negative relationship with educational and vocational aspirations of female students in Women Day Secondary School in Maiduguri, Borno State. Based on the findings, Borno State Government should open functional Counselling centers in every institution, workplaces and communities to meet up students’ problems on education, economic, social and vocational. successful professionals in their desired field.

EFFECTS OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATION INTERVENTION PROGRAMME ON FARMERS’ MILLET YIELD IN SELECTED INSURGENCY AFFECTED COMMUNITIES OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed the effect of FAO intervention programme on Millet (Pennisitum glaucum) yield in some selected insurgency affected communities in Borno State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure (involving both purposive and stratified) was used to select 384 farmers for the study. Data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire and analysed using Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Findings of the study reveal that majority (78.6%) of the farmers were males and married (85.7%). Their average age and household sizes were 44.52 years and 10 members respectively. Z-test analysis was employed to compare the yield of millet before and after FAO intervention and the result was significant at 1% (<0.01) which confirms significant difference in yield of the beneficiaries before and after FAO intervention. One-way Analysis of Variance was used to analyse the difference in yield of FAO beneficiaries IDPs, host families and returnees, and the result reveals that there was no significant difference in their yield because the p-value of (0.109) is greater than that of level of significance (0.05). It was concluded that the yield of the beneficiaries after FAO intervention was higher than the yield of millet before the intervention. The study recommended that should government should improve the security situation in the study area.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MILLET PRODUCTION IN JERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA.

This research was carried out to determine the profitability of millet production in Jere local Government area of Borno state. Random sampling technique was adopted in this research through which data was collected from ninety (90) farms with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and production functions. Result indicated that 58.9% of respondents were in their economically active age group, majority (76.7%) of the farmers were male, 66.7% were married, while 42.2% had farming experience of between 21 – 30 years in millet production and it was revealed that farms were on a small-scale basis. Result further showed that millet production was profitable with gross margin and net farm income of N29,743.18 and N12,868.00 per hectare respectively. Regression model estimated revealed that double-log was the lead equation with R2 of 68.5%. Also, land, labour and agrochemical had significant impact on the level of millet output at P<0.01 level of probability and F-ratio 35.212. Estimated efficiency ratios showed that land; labour and fertilizer were under-utilised, while agrochemical was over utilised. Return to scale gave a value of 1.27 which implies that millet production was in stage 1 of the production region. It can be concluded that millet production in the study area is profitably. The study recommends that farmers should employ more land; labour and fertilizer, while the use of agrochemical should be cut down in order to improved millet production output for profit maximization.

Malnutrition and associated co-morbidities among infants affected by Boko Haram Insurgency in some IDP Camps in Borno state, Nigeria

Malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries. In recent times, diet related diseases have been recorded in Borno state, Nigeria due to insurgency. The study assessed the socio demographics and comorbidities in malnourished children from six months to fifty-nine months. Ethically approved permission was obtained. Retrospective cohort study of severe acute malnutrition was carried out in 1558 patients from January 2021 to December 2021 in five IDP camp clinics. The minimum and maximum stay in the program were 8 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 18. The female patients dominated the study with 868 (55.7 %) while the males were 690 (44.3 %). Patients who completed their treatment, recovered and were discharged were 1488 (95.5 %), defaulters were 64 (4.1 %) and deaths were 6 (0.4 %). The co-morbidities recorded in the SAM patients were cough, diarrhoea, vomiting and fever with 184 (11.8 %), 183 (11.7 %), 31 (2.0%) and 11 (7%), respectively. Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) patients with multiple co-morbidities of cough and diarrhoea were 136 (8.7 %) while those with cough, vomiting and diarrhoea were 5 (0.3%). Timely interventions can save the lives of children presenting with SAM and recommend that therapeutic feeding programs be extended to the wider society to prevent death and compromised future of SAM sufferers, effective nutritional education for care givers and parents of SAM children should be encouraged to stay in the program until their children recover.

Key mental health differences in conflict-related sexual violence and how sex, severity, and early intervention impact on improvement: a retrospective observational study

BackgroundConflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a significant health and human rights issue in humanitarian contexts, but there is a need of further research on differences between sexes in terms of severity of symptoms and improvement. Consequently, we explored the differences in severity and outcomes among male and female survivors of CRSV who received mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in an armed conflict setting.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed medical records from 3442 CRSV survivors in a MHPSS programme in Borno State, Nigeria, between 2018 and 2019. Patient characteristics, severity (measured with Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale [CGI-S scale]), and improvement (measured with Clinical Global Impression of improvement [CGI-I] scale) were assessed by an attending counsellor. We assessed predictors for severity and improvement using a multivariable logistic regression analysis and time to improvement by sex using Kaplan Meier (K–M) curves and Cox regression.ResultsWe included 3442 patients who had at least one CRSV event in this study (2955 [85.9%] female, 486 [14.1%] male, one unknown). The most prevalent categories of symptoms were depression (49.9%; n = 1716), post-traumatic (25.6%; n = 879), and anxiety (20.3%; n = 697) symptoms. Most patients had mild (59.0%; n = 1869/3170) or moderate (36.4%; n = 1153/3170) symptoms at baseline, with 4.7% having severe symptoms (n = 148/3170). The logistic regression analysis (n = 1106), showed male patients had a 59% higher odds of severe symptoms at baseline than female patients (aOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.04–2.45). Among males, those older than 55 years had three times higher odds of presenting severe symptoms than younger patients (aOR 3.65; 95% CI 1.43–9.34). Women aged 36–55 years were more likely to present improvement than younger female patients (aOR 1.32; 95% CI 1.11–1.58). For both sexes, prompt attention after a CRSV event (≤ 3 days) positively predicted improvement (aOR 13.9; 95% CI 1.48–130 males, aOR 2.11; 95% CI 1.22–3.64 females) compared to late attention. Time to improvement did not differ between sexes, with an average of at least three consultations needed to achieve improvement.ConclusionsOur study suggests that psychological attention of survivors within the first 72 h should be a priority. MHPSS programmes addressing CRSV should be inclusive to all patients, and gender-neutral approaches to ensure access, safety, confidentiality, and non-discrimination for all survivors should be developed.

Investigating the feasibility of agro-waste briquettes as a sustainable energy source in Borno state Nigeria as pathways for post-conflict and instability recovery

The growing energy demand and lack of access to clean energy sources call for the development of more energy for cooking in households, briquettes produced using agricultural materials and related biomass have the capacity for utilization as an energy source. This study aims to introduce briquettes as an alternative energy source for cooking within conflict-affected communities in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria, where factors relating to the high cost of charcoal, security constraints, and the environmental impact of tree cutting have sparked apprehension and raised concerns. The study demonstrates the likelihood of adopting briquettes as a cooking fuel alternative in communities recovering from insurgency. Using assessment tools such as household surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving a total of 536 questionnaires administered to respondents; KII was administered to 37 respondents and 9 FGDs with cooperatives and dealers in traditional fuel were conducted. From the results 73% of the community relies on charcoal as their primary fuel source, since the majority (68.7%) appeared to be low-income households, 24.1% reported that the high cost of charcoal is a major hindrance to continued usage. However, despite the communities showing potential in briquettes, only 3.7% are aware of briquettes as an alternative option for cooking energy indicating the adoption of briquettes being low in the region. A situational assessment was carried and sensitization strategies were recommended as means to enhance livelihoods and build resilience within the community.

Improving affected victims and communitie reintegration of former Boko Haram terrorist defectors in Nigeria: a community-informed participatory action research

ABSTRACT Reintegrating defectors of terrorist groups into society is challenging due to community resistance and affected victims’ trauma. This article is the first to detail affected victims and community involvement in designing a trauma-informed cognitive behaviour therapy intervention to aid the reintegration of former Boko Haram members and defectors in Nigeria. Participants were recruited from Borno state, Nigeria. Informed by a participatory action research design and a social constructionist theoretical lens, we found that agonizing experiences, resentment towards incentives provided to former defectors limit successful reintegration, whilst using Trauma-informed intervention to address community needs could improve reintegration. It concludes that affected victims and community involvement in the design of reintegration programmes is crucial to its success.

An assessment of economic loss associated with cataract vision impairment for sustainable development in Borno state, Nigeria

The number of affected people with preventable vision impairment in Borno state is increasing at an alarming rate. Statistics have shown that more than 55 % causes of preventable blindness in the state is cataracts [10]. Nevertheless, ensuring inclusive eye health care is important to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, this study examines the direct and indirect societal impacts of the economic loss associated with cataract vision impairment in Borno state. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze 239 surveyed respondents. The results revealed that about 62.1 % of surveyed participants were with cataract vision impairment and 55.4 % of the respondents were male. The study recommends that policymakers implement targeted intervention strategies to mitigate economic vulnerabilities and productivity loss connected to cataract vision impairment so as to accelerate the achievement of sustainable development in the state.

The Nature and Kind of Information Generated and Managed for the Security and Welfare of the IDPs in the IDP Camps in Borno State, Nigeria

The Nature and Kind of Information Generated and Managed for the Security and Welfare of the IDPs in the IDP Camps in Borno State, Nigeria

Assessing Ionizing Radiation Exposure Risks to Human Health in Wadi-B, Jere Oil Exploration Areas, Borno State, Nigeria

Assessing Ionizing Radiation Exposure Risks to Human Health in Wadi-B, Jere Oil Exploration Areas, Borno State, Nigeria

Assessing the Efficacy of Budget in Detecting Fraudulent Personnel Cost Figure in Borno State Civil Service, Nigeria

Assessing the Efficacy of Budget in Detecting Fraudulent Personnel Cost Figure in Borno State Civil Service, Nigeria

Evaluation of Bacterial Pneumonia and Pathological Changes in Lungs of Cattle Slaughtered in Maiduguri Central Abattoir, Borno State Nigeria

The study was designed to determine level of lungs inflammation and associated bacterial flora that influenced gross and histopathological lesions related to bovine pneumonic lungs amongst cattle slaughter in Maiduguri central abattoir. The study was conducted in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. A total of 100 pneumonic lungs sampled from cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri central abattoir, 63 (63 %) were positive isolate and 37 were negative isolate (37 %). The results indicate isolates recovered were gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with five bacterial genera isolated consist of 3 Gram-positive and 2 Gram-negative bacteria. The isolates were subjected to sensitivity test of various antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, and Oflaxacinm and they were sensitive, while Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Oflaxacin were Intermediate and Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Cotrimoxazole, Gentamycin, and Ceftriaxone were resistance to the antimicrobial sensitivity tests. Pneumonic bacteria isolates based on sex and age of the cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri abattoir were recorded. Bull has the highest 58 (92.0%) compare to the cow 5 (8.0%). While age-wise, Isolates were recorded with highest 97.0 % among adult cattle when compare to the young cattle (3.0%). Three types of pneumonia were identified based on the Pathological examinations of 25 pneumonic lungs randomly selected from the 100 lungs samples which were recorded.

An Overview of Factors affecting Women Performance in Some Primary Health Care Delivery in Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria

An Overview of Factors affecting Women Performance in Some Primary Health Care Delivery in Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria

Ensemble machine learning algorithm for cost-effective and timely detection of diabetes in Maiduguri, Borno State

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that severely hinders the body's ability to produce or properly regulate insulin, leading to detrimental carbohydrate metabolism and dangerously high blood sugar levels. This ultimately causes inadequate carbohydrate metabolism and heightened blood glucose levels. Alarmingly, from 2000 to 2019, diabetes-related mortality rates rose by 3%. In the year 2019 alone, diabetes was tragically responsible for nearly 2 million deaths. This groundbreaking research introduces the improved weighted average ensemble learning (WAEL) model as an innovative solution for detecting diabetes. The enhanced WAEL model effectively addresses the overfitting challenge by integrating multiple models that have gained unique insights from the data. The proposed WAEL model ingeniously combines five feature spaces through the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm to uncover the optimal weight combination. GWO plays a vital role in weight optimization, enabling the reduction of weights in models that are particularly sensitive to noise. The results demonstrated that the improved WAEL achieved an astounding level of accuracy, soaring to 98.90%. The LGBM algorithm followed closely, achieving an impressive accuracy of 85.00%. The RF method recorded an accuracy of 81.00%. When it comes to accurately identifying diabetes, the improved WAEL ensemble model significantly outperformed the other five individual models, as evidenced by metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Therefore, the proposed model stands as a compelling alternative tool for healthcare professionals in the early detection of diabetes.

Study of Avian Colibacillosis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Bioethanol is a renewable, colorless, less toxic, and readily biodegradable form of fuel from biological sources; that can be used for heat, electricity, and fuel. In this research study, an alternative feedstock known as microalgae was used. Bioethanol was produced from microalgae using enzymatic hydrolysis. The microalgae was pretreated with acid and alkaline. Hydrolysis was carried out by Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for fermentation. The concentration of the Bioethanol produced was determined using acid Potassium Dichromate. After hydrolysis, the reducing sugar concentration was determined using Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method. Results showed that there was significant difference at p<0.05 in the yields of the reducing sugar produced between acid and alkaline pretreated samples after microbial hydrolysis. Microbial hydrolysis of alkaline pretreated samples was higher in yield. Also, the results showed that the highest bioethanol yield of 0.142ml/l was obtained after alkaline pretreated hydrolysates were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 40°C and pH of 6.0. The highest bioethanol yield of 0.116ml/l was obtained from the acid pretreated hydrolysates at 35°C and pH of 5.5. The volatile compounds produced by alkaline pre-treated samples using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) shows that Ethanol and Di-n-decylsulfone were the highest volatile compounds with peak areas of 30.70% and 41.87% respectively while 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (linolenic acid) was found to be least volatile compound with peak area of 3.34%.Tthe volatile compounds produced by acid pre-treated samples shows that 2-ethyl-2-methyltridecanol was the highest volatile compound with peak area of 23.00% while Heptacosane was found to be the least volatile compound with peak area of 1.90%. Therefore bioethanol production using alkaline pretreated samples produced a large quantity of bioethanol and may be a preferred method. This study concluded that Microalgae is a suitable substrate for bioethanol production and hydrolyzing with Aspergillus niger and optimization of fermentation conditions at pH 6.0 and 40oC yielded higher bioethanol concentration.

A Box-Jenkins ARIMA Modeling Approach for Infant Mortality Rate in Maiduguri, Borno State

A Box-Jenkins ARIMA Modeling Approach for Infant Mortality Rate in Maiduguri, Borno State

Morphometric and Gonadosomatic Index Studies of Some Fish species Collected from Lake Alau Maiduguri Borno state Nigeria

Morphometric and Gonadosomatic Index Studies of Some Fish species Collected from Lake Alau Maiduguri Borno state Nigeria