Born Babies Research Articles

Follow-up of Babies Born after Treatment with Aromatase Inhibitor, an Off-label Ovulation-inducing Agent

Follow-up of Babies Born after Treatment with Aromatase Inhibitor, an Off-label Ovulation-inducing Agent

Demographic Profile and Outcome of Covid- 19 Obstetric Patients Undergoing Caesarean Section in a Tertiary Care Government Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Pregnancy itself is a hypercoagulable state. COVID-19 infection makes it more deleterious. As a consequence of exaggerated inflammatory response in COVID 19 infected mothers, there is alterations of coagulation system occurs, causing thrombi (micro and macro) in various organs reducing blood flow in capillaries , followed by emboli formation mainly in lung, heart, brain and kidney, resulting in multiple organ failure even death. The present study aims to observe retrospectively the clinical outcome of parturients with COVID-19 infection undergoing caesarean sections. Methods: This observational study was done in the COVID dedicated operation theatre of Department of Anaesthesia, Pain, Palliative and Intensive Care, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, between May 2020 and December 2021. A total 640 obstetric patients undergoing caesarean section (both COVID positive and suspected) were observed. The demographic and outcome data of mothers ( transferred from post-operative ward to parent ward/ICU) were collected. Informations of ultimate fate (alive/death) of operated mothers were also noted. Demographic (sex) data and outcome data of newborn baby (alive/dead) were also included. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 for Windows. Results: In this study, the age of the most (n=532, 83.13%) of the pregnant mothers belongs to 18-30 years of age group, remaining 16.86% patients are within the age group of 31-45 years (n=108). Although 18.75% study subjects were illiterate below class VIII(31.25), SSC(17.97%), HSC(16.40%), Graduate(12.5%), masters(3.13%)], miscellaneous type of occupational status [home-maker(70%), service holder(19.85%), entrepreneurship(1.56%) & others(8.59%. and came from different category of social class[ most of the patients belong to lower(54.68%) and lower middle class (27.81%) socioeconomic status]. Among total study sample (n=640), 55.63% (n=356) patients were infected with COVID 19 virus confirmed by RT-PCR and 44.38% (n-284) mothers were clinically COVID infected or suspected cases. The majority of the pregnant mothers (n=565. 88.28%) experienced sub-arachnoid block or spinal anaesthesia whereas only 6.09% (n=39) patients got experience of general anaesthesia. Apparently, 93.44% (n=598) of mothers come back to the parent ward after observing in post-operative ward. Of them, (n=640), 2.19% of mothers were not survived in operation theatre or post-operative ward and 4.34% (n=21)of patients had to go to Covid dedicated Intensive Care Unit. Survivors mothers (n=619, 96.72%) were greater than that of non-survivors (n=21, 3.28%). Among the delivered new born babies, the number of female babies (n=330, 51.56%) were slightly higher than that of male (n=310, 48.44%). In a total 640 babies, 560 babies (87.50%) were survived but 12.50% (n-=80 ) of babies were not survived. Conclusions: This observational study represents that among 640 number of COVID positive or suspected pregnant mothers who were undergoing caesarean section , 93.44% of mothers come back to the parent ward, 2.19% of mothers were expired in operation theatre or post operative ward because of complications. Unfortunanely, 4.34% of mothers had experience to go to Intensive Care Unit. Survivors mothers were greater than that of non-survivors. New born babies of confirmed and suspected COVID mothers were slightly female predominant. Total of them, 87.50% of babies were survived. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2022; 31(2) : 187-193

Frequency of Low Birth Weight in Babies Born to Anemic Pregnant Women at Term Gestation; A Cross-Sectional Study

OBJECTIVES To assess the potential impact of maternal health on the frequency of low birth weight in newborns of anemic pregnant women at term gestation. METHODOLOGY It is a cross-sectional (Descriptive) study in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, from 1st August 2022 to 31st July 2023. We recruited 169 pregnant ladies of any gravidity, 18-45 years of age at term gestation (37 ± 0 weeks to 41 ± 6 weeks), who presented with anemia and were included in this study. Patients who refused to participate in the study or had any other medical disorder leading to low birth weight, i.e., pregnancy-induced hypertension, chronic kidney disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune conditions, and uteroplacental insufficiency, were excluded from the study. RESULTSOne hundred sixty-nine patients were enrolled in this study; 45 patients were between 18 and 27 years of age, 80 were between 28 and 37 years, and 44 were recorded at 37-45. Mean and Standard Deviations for age was 32 Years ± 6.68, for gestational Age 38 Weeks ±1.23, for Parity 3±1.31, for Hemoglobin Level it was 10.7 g/L ±14.95, and for Birth Weight, it was recorded as 2500 grams ± 279.24. The frequency of low birth weight was recorded in 36 (21.30% ) newborns of anemic pregnant women at term gestation. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low birth weight in newborns of anemic pregnant women at term was found to be high. A comprehensive approach regarding health education and anemia management in pregnant women is required.

Hearing Impairment in Babies Born to Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: The earlier the hearing loss in a child, the more difficult will it be for the child to achieve optimal development and lead a normal life. This study is directed toward early identification of deafness in neonates born to gestational diabetic mothers that help in the early rehabilitation of the child. Materials and Methods: Around 50 infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes were taken and screened after obtaining consent from parents and clearance from the ethics committee. Neonates born to gestational diabetic mothers in Father Muller Medical College were included. Critically ill neonates, neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, family history of deafness, use of ototoxic drugs, and low APGAR score babies (<6) were excluded. Detailed family history and information of the patients were obtained. The occupation of both parents, family income, and consanguinity was noted. It was also observed if the antenatal mother has attended ANC clinic regularly. Results: A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted on 50 infants born to gestational diabetic mothers. Hearing loss was assessed using distortion product otoacoustic emission. The majority of gestational diabetic mothers were homemakers followed by salesgirls. The other occupations also included Anganwadi workers, beedi workers, manual laborers, tailors, and farmers. The list also included cooks, hotel receptionist, office assistant, and floor manager. Most of the fathers were drivers ( n = 10) followed by farmers. The list also included fishermen, manual laborers, painters, salesmen, security personnel, waiters, tailors, teachers, office assistants as well as storekeepers. Conclusion: Our study assessed if there was a correlation between hearing loss in infants and gestational diabetes. Hence, in our study, we found that there may not be any relationship between hearing loss and diabetes in pregnancy.

Baby Vaccination Web Application

The Baby Vaccination System project aims to develop a comprehensive platform for managing child vaccination schedules efficiently. It incorporates frontend and backend development to provide users with tools for vaccine registration, tracking, and locating nearby vaccine centres. By targeting efficient management of vaccination schedules, the system contributes to public health initiatives and ensures timely immunisation for children. The objectives of the study include assessing the effectiveness of the system, evaluating user satisfaction, and determining the impact on vaccination completion rates. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative feedback collection. Participants include parents or guardians of children eligible for vaccination, healthcare providers, and system administrators. Data collection methods include system usage metrics, surveys, and interviews. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, ensuring participant confidentiality, and adhering to relevant ethical guidelines. The study findings will provide insights into the usability and effectiveness of the Baby Vaccination System in improving vaccination management.In today’s life style due to the heavy burden and pressure of work it is difficult to remember vaccine period on new born baby as well as small once. Keywords: Blockchain Vaccination System, Healthcare, Immunization, Public Health, Technology Integration

Determinants of birth asphyxia among new born babies in Bekoji public hospital, Arsi zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2023

Background: Birth asphyxia stands out as a significant factor contributing to morbidity and mortality among newborns. However, the determinants of birth asphyxia have not been thoroughly investigated within the local context, particularly in this specific area. Hence, this study aims to identify these determinants to tackle the issue effectively. Objectives: The goal of this study is to pinpoint the determinants of birth asphyxia at Bekoji Public Hospital in Bekoji Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between June 1, 2023, and August 30, 2023. A total of 198 newborns (75 cases and 123 controls) at Bekoji Public Hospital were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection involved a checklist for record review and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 were subjected to multivariable regression analysis. The Odds Ratio estimated with a 95% Confidence Interval was utilized to indicate the strength of association, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: 196 mothers of newborns (73 cases and 123 controls) were interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 98.9%. Factors such as prolonged duration of labor (AOR=2.54; [95% CI: 1.78, 6.39]), delivery by Caesarean section (AOR=0.64; [95% CI: 0.004, 1.114]), presence of stained amniotic fluid (AOR=0.473; [95% CI: 0.180, 1.242]), and non-cephalic fetal presentation (AOR=2.12; [95% CI: 1.019, 3.80]) were identified as predictors of birth asphyxia. Additionally, being male (AOR=1.885; [95% CI: 0.899, 3.950]) was also found to be a predictive factor for birth asphyxia. Conclusion and recommendations: Duration of labor, fetal presentation, type of amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, and the gender of newborns emerged as significantly associated factors with birth asphyxia. As a result, interventions targeting these factors, particularly focusing on duration of labor and fetal presentation, should be rigorously implemented.

IJCM_359A: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies among newborn babies - A Hospital based study

Background: Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally. Some of the congenital anomalies may be life threatening, hence an immediate management is required. This study is to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies among newborn babies and factors associated with it. Methodology: It was a descriptive study carried out at KMC Hospital, Attavar on all the new born babies with congenital abnormalities born or admitted in KMC Attavar. Data extraction sheet had two sections including the maternal details, history of newborn related to type of congenital anomalies and condition of the baby at birth. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Descriptive statistics like mean, proportions and standard deviation was used for expressing the results. Results: We found that 56.25% of the cases were of maternal age group <30years. 3.16% were non-consanguinous marriages, 56.46% of mothers were primiparous & 43.53% were multiparous. Only 18.40% had maternal co morbidities & 5.84% had hazardous exposure. 67% of the study population were males and 33% were females. In cases where single system was involved, 66.85% were males and 33.15% were females. In cases with multiple malformations, 67.56% were males and 32.43% were females. In the cases where maternal age was <30yrs, 22.85% of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system, and in ≥30yr, 29.63% were multiple malformations. Conclusion: Among the congenital anomalies affecting the newborns, the most affected single system is gastrointestinal tract followed by cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system. Multiple malformations were found to be the highest. Congenital anomalies were found to be more in males than females. In maternal age group of less than 30yrs, highest number of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system and for more than/equal 30yrs, highest number was multiple malformations.

Anesthesia Management on 29 Weeks Pregnant Women with Intracranial SOL, Invasive Carcinoma Mammae and Bronchopneumoniaes

Background: Pregnancy gives whole different challenge for anesthesiologist because of we handle two lives at once. Brain tumor in pregnancy correlated with maternal mortality, prematurity and intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR). It makes delivery time, what kind of anesthesia technique we used choosen by the situation.Case: We report a case of anesthesia technique using general anesthesia (GA) to accommodate sectio cesarean transperitoneal profunda (SCTP) in a 29 weeks pregnancy age, G1P0A0 female patient, ASA IIIE with intracranial SOL suspect cerebri abscess multiple dd/ tuberculoma, invasive mammae carcinoma, and bronchopneumoniae.Disscussion: Space occupied lesion (SOL) is a lesion in intracranial space especially give effect to brain. In our patient with SOL from cerebri abscess multiple dd/ tuberculoma. It caused intracranial pressure increase and also spastic hemiparese dextra. Pregnancy termination was done depends on 29 weeks pregnancy with SOL in this patient. We used GA for cesarean section (CS). Anesthesia technique will be considered successful if new born baby activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration (APGAR) is good.Conclusion: Female G1P0A0, 32 years old, 29 weeks pregnancy age, single intrauterine fetus with intracranial SOL suspect cerebri abscess multiple dd/ tuberculoma, invasive mammae carcinoma, and bronchopneumoniae was consulted by Obstetrician to Anestesiologist to do CS with GA. During anesthesia and surgery, there was no complication. In this case, termination was done for baby and mother’s well being.

Effectiveness Of Administering Olive Oil Against Diaper Rash In Babies Aged 0-36 Months At Pmb Cahyati Bogor, West Java, 2023

Background: In The World, It Is Estimated That Skin Irritation (Diaper Rash) Occurs In Babies In 25% Of The 6,840,507,000 Babies Born. The Prevalence Of Babies Affected By Diaper Rash In West Java In 2020 Was 52.7%. Diaper Rash Can Cause Red Spots, Itching, Skin Irritation, And Discomfort In Sensitive Areas Of Toddlers. Usually Caused By Humidity, Fungus And Bacteria That Develop In These Sensitive Areas. The Aim Of This Research Is To Find Out How Effective The Use Of Olive Oil Is In Treating Diaper Rash. Research Method: The Research Used Was Pre-Experimental Using A One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, And With A Prospective Approach. This Research Was Conducted At Pmb Cahyati Bogor, West Java. The Research Sample Was 30 Respondents Taken Using Total Sampling Technique. Research Results: Based On The Results Of Non-Parametric Statistical Tests, The Significance Value Was 0.000 < 0.005, It Can Be Concluded That There Is An Effect Of Giving Olive Oil On Diaper Rash In Toddlers At Pmb Cahyati, Bogor, West Java In 2023. Suggestion: It Is Hoped That Respondents Can Use Extra Virgin Olive Oil As A Medicine To Treat Diaper Rash In Toddlers Who Experience Diaper Rash And Can Be Used For Other Health Needs.

Pre-Pregnancy Transvaginal Double Cervico-Isthmic Cerclage To Treat Women With Previous Conventional Failed Cerclage For Cervical Insufficiency: A Novel Modification of Treatment

Objective: To report pregnancy outcome following a pre-pregnancy transvaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage using a double non-absorbable synthetic polyester thread in a population of high-risk pregnant women. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study with a continuous series of 76 women presenting with at least one prior prophylactic failure of McDonald cerclage and submitted a pre-gestational transvaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage by the same surgical team between 2010 and 2019. The pregnancy outcome was analyzed for the first subsequent pregnancy of 64 women. The main outcome measure was the overall survival rate. Results: The median age of the patients was 30 years (SD 4.9; range 19-45 years). No intra-operative complication occurred. The median operating time was 39.8 minutes (range 35.5-55.8 min). Cesarean delivery was systematically performed in all patients. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.5 weeks (SD 5.67; range 16-39 weeks), term birth rate (≥37 weeks) was 64.1%; 84.4% of babies were delivered at ≥34.0 weeks gestation. The overall neonatal survival rate was 94%. Conclusion: The pre-conceptional transvaginal cervico-isthimic cerclage here described as Shirodkar-Barini surgery is safe and results in high percentage of live born babies and low prematurity rate on the following pregnancy, in the patients with heavy obstetrics past suggestive of cervical incompetence and previous prophylactic McDonald’s failure

Phototherapy and serum blood calcium levels in neonates: is there a need for calcium supplementation?

Background: Phototherapy is the first line of treatment for physiological jaundice. However, it has its own set of complications. Hypocalcaemia is a less frequent but a potential complication of phototherapy. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of 24 hours of phototherapy on the serum blood calcium levels of the newborn after 24 hours of exposure and the need for supplementation in these new born babies. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted at our institute on 31 newborn babies born between June 2022 to December 2022. All term neonates who developed clinically significant physiological jaundice after 48 hours of life were subjected to double surface phototherapy with LED blue light for 24 hours. These babies were screened for their serum calcium levels by venous blood sampling before the commencement of the phototherapy. The same sampling was repeated after 24 hours of exposure to the phototherapy lights to see the effect on serum calcium levels of the newborn. Results: Phototherapy was given for 24 hours. Mean serum calcium measured at 48 hours of life prior to phototherapy was 9.25±0.62 mg/ml. Also, mean serum calcium at 24 hours post phototherapy was 8.74±0.38 mg/ml. A highly significant decrease in serum calcium level was seen post phototherapy (p=0.0002). Independent samples t test was used. Conclusions: In healthy term neonates exposed for only 24 hours of phototherapy decrease in serum calcium levels to some extend was noted however it is unlikely to cause clinically significant hypocalcemia.

Prevalence of Lip and Palate Clefts and the Related Factors in Babies Born From 2014 to 2019 in Karaj, Iran

Background: Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital anomalies in the head and neck region, which are affected by environmental and genetic factors. These defects can cause serious problems such as deformity, nutritional, respiratory and social interactions for patients. Objective: The current study was performed to investigate the frequency of cleft lip and palate and its related factors in infants born in Karaj’s hospitals during 2014 to 2018. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the case of newborns. The studied population included 91,563 cases of babies born between 1993 and 1997 in Kamali, Imam Ali (AS), Maryam and Qaim hospitals in Karaj. Of these, 46 babies were identified with various types of oral clefts. The information of the files was collected and analyzed with SPSS v24 statistical software.. Results: The prevalence of oral cleft was 0.5 per thousand live births. (26.08%) of infants had cleft lip, (52.17%) cleft palate, and (21.73%) cleft lip and palate (P = 0.024). 56.52% of male babies (P = 0.37), 76.08% of mothers in the age group of 20 to 30 years with an average age of 24.4 years, 58.69% of first pregnancy mothers, 13.03% of parents, history Family marriage (P< 0.001), and 37% of mothers had blood type A in the file (P = 0.11). Conclusion: The prevalence of oral clefts in Karaj is lower than the global statistics and other regions of the country.

Effect of Time of Cord Clamping on the Serum Bilirubin Level among Full‐Term Babies Born in an Ethiopian Hospital Setting: An Exploratory Three‐Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Time of Cord Clamping on the Serum Bilirubin Level among Full‐Term Babies Born in an Ethiopian Hospital Setting: An Exploratory Three‐Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies Amongst Babies Born to Women With Sickle Cell Disease and Exposed to Hydroxyurea During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies Amongst Babies Born to Women With Sickle Cell Disease and Exposed to Hydroxyurea During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Design and Implementation of Cost-efficient Prototype Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for Premature Born Babies

A baby incubator is a device created to give premature infants a safe, regulated environment to live in while their important organs grow. Babies who are born prematurely do so under uncommon conditions, such as when the gestational age is fewer than nine months or the newborn weighs less than the average range of 2500 to 4000 grams. Hypothermia after birth can cause premature newborns' body temperatures to decrease sharply and considerably. Premature deaths are currently more likely to be connected to exogenous socio-environmental causes. The baby incubator is a great solution to this problem. However, the cost of the infant incubator is an issue. According to a study, preterm babies are more likely to die in low-income countries. Premature babies' survival rates in low-income nations are 30% for those born between 28 and 32 weeks and 1% for those born before 28 weeks, compared to 95% for those born between 28 and 32 weeks and 60% for those born before 28 weeks in high-income nations. This is because the infant incubator is too expensive to be employed in low-income nations. In order to solve this issue, we created a low-cost incubator for premature infants. Using an Arduino UNO with sensors: 1. A temperature and humidity sensor; 2. A gas sensor, the low-cost incubator being created can measure the temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide levels in the baby's environment. Then it will utilize a temperature control fan, a humidity control fan, and a gas level control fan to automatically regulate the environment. These affordable incubators can be produced and used in these low-income countries, giving prematurely born babies an opportunity to use them and live.

Long-term Childhood Outcomes for Babies Born at Term Who were Exposed to Antenatal Corticosteroids

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228:80) Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are recommended for mothers at risk for preterm delivery to reduce infant mortality and increase lung maturation. It is possible that ACS can decrease lung function for individuals later in life. This study aimed to compare the difference in lung function for individuals ages 5 and above whose mothers received ACS and those whose mothers did not.

Bilirubin metabolism & pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice

Jaundice is a visible yellowish color change in skin and sclera, secondary to elevated serum bilirubin which accumulates in the skin. Visibility of jaundice depends upon the age of the patient, color/complexion of the skin and level of bilirubin in blood. It is more easily visible in fair complexioned and new born (particularly, pre term) babies. In the new born, jaundice is visible during the 1 week of life in 60% of full term and 80% preterm infants.

Experiences of childbirth care in Lithuania and Romania: Insights from the European Babies Born Better survey.

Data on experience and satisfaction of users are essential for improvement of health care, especially in the field of childbirth. The aim of this study was to compare childbirth care experiences in Lithuania and Romania. Data derived from the EU Babies Born Better online survey were analyzed. Parturients from Lithuania (N = 373) and Romania (N = 359) who had given birth within the last 5 years were included. Participants were asked to (1) describe the best things in childbirth care and (2) suggest changes in the care received at their birthplace. Qualitative data were analyzed using a previously developed deductive coding framework. In agreement with previous findings from Austria, positive experiences mainly addressed care experienced at an individual level (in particular healthcare practitioners' competence and personality traits) and suggested changes mainly addressed services at birthplace (issues related to infrastructure, information and counseling, and empowerment). Responses not initially included in the coding framework addressed aspects such as informal payment (in both countries), desire for home birth (particularly in Lithuania), or mistreatment of parturients (particularly in Romania). We conclude that similar trends in childbirth care exist in Lithuania and Romania with regard to parturients' personal experiences and psychosocial needs and that addressing the needs of parturients is important for improving service provision.

Epidermolysis bullosa with col7a1 mutation at Jiangsu university hospital: A Case report and review of the literature

We describe a case of a new born Chinese male baby who was diagnosed with Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB), a rare genetic skin illness that causes particular blisters to appear on the baby's lower limbs immediately after delivery. The flaw results from the skin's reduced ability to adhere to supporting tissue, which makes it brittle. Through carrier mother inheritance, genetic testing identified our case as an EB patient with Aplasia Cutis Congenita after a nucleotide alteration in the COL7A1 gene.

Commercialization of Colostrum Milk for the Benefit of Human Health in Gunupur City, Odisha

Colostrum milk is the first milk produce after the parturition or the baby birth. It is a necessary food for a new born baby for increase its immune system to protect against pathogen and boost the physiological performance, growth and mental development. Colostrum milk contains polysaturated fatty acids, growth factor, hormones, oligosaccharide, lactoferrin, a greater number of leukocytes (WBC cells) and high concentration of immunoglobulins. Colostrum milk provides passive immunity to the new born. People in the Gunupur block are establishing dairy farms and producing milk on a large scale. So, if we establish a factory of Colostrum milk then, we can easily collect the colostrum milk from the dairymen and supply the products by suitable transport medium to other states of India. The colostrum milk is highly proteinaceous product which is highly beneficial to the patients and build a new born babies’ immune system. My goal is to use government funding to commercialize colostrum milk in the Gunupur block and distribute it to nearby government hospitals and underprivileged citizens.