Borehole Pumps Research Articles

ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN DAN KEBUTUHAN AIR BAKU DISTRIK BONGGO KABUPATEN SARMI

The development of an area will cause the demand for water to continue to increase along with thepopulation growth rate. The fulfillment of food needs and the activities of the population are always closely relatedto the need for water. The demands are unavoidable but must be predicted and planned for optimal utilization.The tendency that often occurs is the imbalance between water availability and water demand. To achieve abalance between water demand and availability in the future, efforts are needed to assess the components of rawwater availability and demand as clean water sources. The source of clean water for the people of Bonggo District, Sarmi Regency, comes from borehole pumps,shallow wells (pumps), and rainwater. The analysis results on the need for domestic and non-domestic clean waterin the Bonggo District in 2023 show a total requirement of 210.38 liters/day or 0.0024 m3/second. The need forclean water is expected to increase by 2043, with the total requirement for domestic and non-domestic clean waterreaching 285,820 liters/day or 0.0033 m3/second. The availability and need for clean water sourced from rawwater that can be utilized as clean water comes from pump bore wells as a suitable raw water source. In terms ofquantity, it is available 24 hours a day and throughout the year. The investigation results of the pump bore wellraw water source meet the clean water quality requirements according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001,Level II. This is supported by groundwater, obtained through the analysis of geological conditions, land cover,morphology, and river flow, which have a high to very high groundwater potential score, located in the northernpart of Bonggo District. Economically, in terms of quantity, rainwater can be used as clean water due to its sufficientavailability, with high rainfall (104,775 mm/year) and year-round service (continuity), and in terms of quality, theresults of rainwater quality tests meet the clean water standards according to quality standards.

Quantifying the energetic cost tradeoffs of photovoltaic pumping systems for Sub-Saharan African smallholder farms

As solar technology has matured, irrigation using photovoltaic pumping systems (PVPSs) has gained popularity in developing markets as an effective means to alleviate poverty and increase food security. Yet, there remains a barrier to adoption; the upfront costs of PVPSs pose a financial burden for many low-income farmers. In a PVPS, the capital cost of the solar array contributes a large portion of upfront system costs. The solar pump is the largest energy consumer in the system, thus its efficiency directly impacts the size and cost of the solar array. There is a limited quantitative understanding of how solar pump efficiency affects the capital cost of the solar array. This study presents a technoeconomic framework to directly quantify the impact of solar pump efficiency on the cost of the solar array in a PVPS, for a range of hydraulic operating conditions. New empirical efficiency scaling laws were created by characterizing the efficiencies of 4-inch multistage centrifugal borehole pumps and induction motors. The utility of the technoeconomic framework is demonstrated through a case study comparing solar pump architectures with motors of different efficiencies. Results indicate that, despite the increased motor cost, the use of high-efficiency motors in solar pumps may lead to an overall cost reduction in a PVPS. Counter to the conventional capital cost-driven process, this work demonstrates that an efficiency-driven design process could improve low-cost, solar-powered system design. Engineers and system designers can leverage the presented framework during the design process to make informed decisions to achieve more cost-effective PVPSs.

Investigation of asymmetry in asynchronous motor used in a borehole pump

In this paper, the values of the symmetrical states of asynchronous motors used in borehole pumps are obtained at different time intervals, the results are analyzed, and formulas for changing the symmetrical states over time are developed.

Increasing the pump energy efficiency of the system for discharging liquefied natural gas from large-capacity storage facilities via design improvement

Abstract. Objective. To determine the most relevant way to improve the energy efficiency of the system for discharging liquefied natural gas (LNG) from large-capacity storage facilities. Methods. The method of analysis of existing systems for LNG discharge from storage tanks was used to identify critical (emergency) elements of the system to be improved and possible options of improving structural elements. Results. The operation of the system for discharging LNG from storage tanks was analysed and its main characteristics were described. Main problems associated with designing and building borehole pumps, as well as goals and tasks of designing new borehole pump structures were studied. The main types of LNG borehole pumps, their varieties, and types of drives were studied to choose the most optimal new option of improving pumps for systems for discharging LNG from storage tanks. Further, it will be necessary to calculate geometric parameters of the hydroturbine and operation modes of its wheel being in connection with the centrifugal pump wheel. Conclusion. Experience of using storage facilities shows that LNG pumps are the most critical units significantly increasing production risks. Therefore, the LNG borehole pump design improvement was chosen as a method to increase the energy efficiency of the system for discharging LNG from large-capacity storage facilities. Based on the considered advantages and disadvantages of structural elements of the existing LNG borehole pump design, we chose the replacement of the electric pump drive with an alternative one as the most optimal improvement method.

Operational method for determining bottom hole pressure in mechanized oil producing wells, based on the application of multivariate regression analysis

One of the major tasks of monitoring production well operations is to determine bottom-hole flowing pressure. The overwhelming majority of wells in the Perm Krai are serviced using borehole pumps, which makes it difficult to take direct bottom-hole flowing pressure measurements. The bottomhole filtration pressure (BHFP) in these wells is very often determined by recalculating the parameters measured at the well mouth (annulus pressure, dynamic fluid level depth). The recalculation is done by procedures based on analytically determining the characteristics of the gas-liquid mixture in the wellbore, which is very inconsistent to perform due to the mixture's complex behavior. This article proposes an essentially different approach to BHFP measurements that relies on the mathematical processing of the findings of more than 4000 parallel mouth and deep investigations of the oil production wells of a large oil-production region. As a result, multivariate mathematical models are elaborated that allow reliably determining the BHFP of oil-production wells in operation.

Developing multilevel statistical models of determining bottom-hole flowing pressure in commercial oil well operations

One of the major tasks of monitoring oil production well operations is to determine bottom-hole flowing pressure (BHFP). The overwhelming majority of wells in the Perm krai are serviced using borehole pumps, which makes it difficult to take direct bottom-hole flowing pressure measurements. The BHFP in these wells is very often determined by recalculating the parameters measured at the well mouth (annulus pressure, dynamic fluid level depth). The recalculation is done by procedures based on analytically determining the characteristics of the gas-liquid mixture in the wellbore, which is very inconsistent to perform due to the mixture’s complex behavior. This article proposes an essentially different approach to BHFP measurements, that relies on the mathematical processing of the findings of more than 4000 parallel mouth and deep investigations of the oil production wells of a large oil-production region. As a result, multivariate mathematical models are elaborated that allow reliably determining the BHFP of oil-production wells in operation.

Simulation in the study of operating experience and application of the latest technology for the repair of rod plunger pumps

Insufficient attention has been paid to the issues of repair and increase of the service life of plunger borehole pumps used in the oil production industry. The oil company Bashneft aims to increase the life and the IRP of borehole pumps. For this purpose, a lot of work has been done to analyze downhole equipment failures across the entire stock of oil wells equipped with sucker rod pumps. To repair the plunger pair of sucker rod pumps, all the documents (a technical task and technical conditions for repairs) were developed and the technological process was prepared. For the fields NGDU Ufaneft and NGDU Krasnokholmneft, the best results were achieved by pumps with a landing group (0.06–0.11), and for NGDU Ishimbayneft-pumps with a landing group (0.03–0.06). When repairing a pump, one can choose a landing group (plunger-cylinder), which will increase the service life of a sucker rod pump that has previously worked out its service life.

Identification of the energy consumption macromodel for the energy complex in oil and gas producing enterprise into the generalized golden section metric

The problems of increasing the energy efficiency of oil and gas production are becoming very urgent. The cost of purchasing electricity greatly affects the cost of hydrocarbons. The cost of electricity is an important contributor to the price of oil and gas. This is due to low oil and gas prices and expensive electricity. Reliable power supply to oil and gas fields is a big problem. Oil companies are starting to use gas turbine power plants, solar panels and wind turbines. Under these conditions, oil companies are trying to optimize their energy costs. Most of the electricity is consumed by downhole production and injection wells. Development of mathematical models allows minimizing power consumption. All technological processes of oil and gas production are interconnected. Water injection into the reservoir affects the production pumps. The operation of borehole pumps affects the oil treatment and pipeline transportation systems. The tools’ synthesis for modelling development strategies in the electric power field into oil and gas producing enterprises (OGPE) is considered. The structural and parametric identification of the macromodel for energy consumption in the OGPE energy complex into the generalized Golden section metric is performed. The calculations’ results are given.

SURVEY OF FABRIC RE-DYEING ACTIVITIES AS A POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM IN URBAN KANO, NIGERIA

A new re-dyeing practice has emerged and is fast spreading in urban Kano causing damage to the environment. This survey was carried out to assess selected fabric re-dyeing activity sites and their environmental impacts. This was achieved with the aid of designed questionnaire. Nine major dyeing sites in urban Kano: Kofar Mata, Chiranci, Karshen Waya, Rijiyar Zaki, Jan Bulo, Zawaciki, Kofar Na’isa, Karofin Zage and Goron Dutse dyeing pits were surveyed. The result revealed that individuals involved are males within the age range of 14 – 35years. The major sources of water are; pipe borne water, earthen dug wells and motorized borehole pumps. The dye wastewater is usually discharged untreated into street drains, ground surface and constructed pits. Individuals involved use protective measures such as face masks, hand gloves and traditional leather jackets. The dye powders, solutions and other constituents, when in contact with the skin cause serious burns, skin hardening and irritations. Inhalation of the gas emitted by the dye solution causes stomach upset and swelling of the body, which may sometimes be treated traditionally. The dye wastewater also destructs plantations/vegetation and inhibits survival of soil invertebrates such as earthworms. This calls for a general enlightenment to the users and general public on both the environmental and health risks of these substances

ОРТАДАН ТЕПКІШ СОРҒЫЛАРДЫ ЖЕТІЛДІРУ ҮШІН ГАЗ СЕПАРАТОРЛАРЫН ҚОЛДАНУ

In this article, the problem of monitoring the energy consumption of electric centrifugal pumps and the method of application in the fields with the use of gas separators on the basis of reducing the harmful gas impact on electric centrifugal pumps is developed. Methods of optimization of power consumption by borehole pumps are considered. Conducting comparative bench tests of new stages of a centrifugal pump designed for pumping gas-liquid mixtures (GLM), and determining the degree of influence of free gas on the operating parameters in the entire possible working area of the stage when pumping model GLM. It is concluded that the technology of electric centrifugal pumps is used.

GSM Based Polyhouse Farming and Controlling using Bidirectional Pump

A Polyhouse is where plants are developed. Polyhouses are regularly utilized for developing blossoms, vegetables, foods grown from the ground plant. Basic factors affecting plant growth are sunlight, the water content in the soil, the PH level of water, etc. These physical elements are to control physically inside a Polyhouse and a requirement for robotized configuration emerges. Consequently controlling all the elements that influence plant development is likewise a troublesome undertaking as it is costly and some physical variables are between related. The system also allows transmission of process parameters, including emergency alarm signals via e-mail client-server or alternatively sending an SMS on a mobile phone using GSM Module. This bidirectional pump used for inlet and outlet water. Water siphoning has a long history; such a large number of techniques have been created to siphon water. Individuals have utilized an assortment of intensity sources, to be specific human vitality, creature power, hydropower, wind, sun based, and powers such diesel for little generators. The most common pump is used in remote communities are. Solar submersible pumps, Hand pumps Direct drive diesel driven borehole pumps, Electric submersible pumps with a diesel generator.

A cholera outbreak caused by drinking contaminated river water, Bulambuli District, Eastern Uganda, March 2016

BackgroundA cholera outbreak started on 29 February in Bwikhonge Sub-county, Bulambuli District in Eastern Uganda. Local public health authorities implemented initial control measures. However, in late March, cases sharply increased in Bwikhonge Sub-county. We investigated the outbreak to determine its scope and mode of transmission, and to inform control measures.MethodsWe defined a suspected case as sudden onset of watery diarrhea from 1 March 2016 onwards in a resident of Bulambuli District. A confirmed case was a suspected case with positive stool culture for V. cholerae. We conducted descriptive epidemiologic analysis of the cases to inform the hypothesis on mode of transmission. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study involving 100 suspected case-patients and 100 asymptomatic controls, individually-matched by residence village and age. We collected seven water samples for laboratory testing.ResultsWe identified 108 suspected cases (attack rate: 1.3%, 108/8404), including 7 confirmed cases. The case-control study revealed that 78% (78/100) of case-patients compared with 51% (51/100) of control-persons usually collected drinking water from the nearby Cheptui River (ORMH = 7.8, 95% CI = 2.7–22); conversely, 35% (35/100) of case-patients compared with 54% (54/100) of control-persons usually collected drinking water from borehole pumps (ORMH = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13–0.65). The index case in Bwikhonge Sub-county had onset on 29 February but the outbreak had been on-going in the neighbouring sub-counties in the previous 3 months. V. cholera was isolated in 2 of the 7 river water samples collected from different locations.ConclusionsWe concluded that this cholera outbreak was caused by drinking contaminated water from Cheptui River. We recommended boiling and/or treating drinking water, improved sanitation, distribution of chlorine tablets to the affected villages, and as a long-term solution, construction of more borehole pumps. After implementing preventive measures, the number of cases declined and completely stopped after 6th April.

ASSOCIATED ANNULAR GAS UTILIZATION METHODS

The article discusses the influence of annular associated petroleum gas (APG) pressure on the performance of a bore-hole sucker rod pump. It is known that gas separators are used in wells with a high gas-oil ratio, but they do not completely solve the issues of negative impact of APG on the flow, reliability and dynamics of bore-hole pumps. Separated APG accumulates in the annulus, increasing the pressure in it slightly more than the pressure in the gathering manifold. This opens the wellhead valve, and the gas partially flows into the manifold, reducing the pressure in the annulus to the pressure in the manifold and the valve closes. In this case, the pressure in the annulus will always be slightly greater or equal to the pressure in the manifold, which in some cases reaches 4.0 MPa. The effect of this pressure leads to the release of the flowing level and the reduction of the liquid layer over the pump suction and in the extreme case of gas breakthrough into the pump cavity with subsequent jamming of the plunger pair. In this regard, it raises the challenge, firstly, to reduce the pressure of the annular gas and, secondly, to utilize this gas. In this regard, experience in using methods for utilization of annular APG and devices for reducing annular gas pressure are considered. The scheme of a mobile unit for collecting annular APG and subsequent disposal in an oil-gathering main is proposed. A method for calculating the frequency and volumes of utilization of the well, depending on the gas factor and the water cutting of the well production is given. The advantages of a suspended compressor using the energy of an unbalanced sucker string for injecting gas into a manifold are shown.

Improving the energy efficiency of borehole pumps

To improve the energy efficiency of oil extraction k]the control algorithms for sucker-rod borehole pumps are optimized. Two control algorithms are developed for different operating conditions.

Energy-efficient oil extraction by sucker rod borehole pumps in low-yield fields

The efficiency of balanced drives, chain drives, and linear rack and pinion drives is compared for sucker rod pumps. An approach to energy-efficient oil extraction using the kinetic energy of the descending drilling stem is developed, and the corresponding mathematical model is derived. The results of numerical modeling are outlined.

Extending sleeve life in a borehole pipe by thermocyclic treatment

The wear resistance of cylindrical bushes in borehole pumps may be improved by thermocyclic treatment of the cast Kh12 steel blanks, including 3–4 cycles over the range 25–950°C, with 30-min holding at the elevated temperature. In that case, a relatively hard martensite layer (HRC 65) is formed at the bush’s working surface. The martensite layer is also characterized by elevated impact strength. The wear resistance of the bush may also be increased by the formation of considerable compressive stress (500 MPa) in a (5–6)-mm layer at the bush’s working surface under the influence of martensitic transformation at the end of heat treatment.

Энергетические характеристики электроприводов погружных нефтедобывающих насосов

Oil production using submersible electric centrifugal pumps is associated with high-energy costs. The article presents the data on the prevalence and significance of this method of wells operating for the domestic oil industry and provides a model for determining the specific energy costs for output raising. With the help of this model, it is possible to calculate not only the unit costs of electric power, but also to determine the losses in each element of the downhole pumping unit. Based on the model, it is also proposed to optimize well operation modes and electric drive operation which will minimize unproductive losses in all pump unit elements. In order to improve the accuracy of calculations for the proposed model, the energy characteristics of se­veral dozen wells were analyzed, the relationships between the main technological parameters of the wells and the installed oil production equipment and such characteristics as specific power consumption, power losses in various elements of the pumping unit were constructed. The conducted analysis revealed the regularities that can be used in the algorithms for automatic control of electric drives of borehole pumps with the purpose of optimizing their operating modes and increasing energy efficiency.

Impact of Beliefs on the Spread of Ebola

Ebola spreads by contact with fluids of an infected person such as sweat, blood, saliva, etc. The factors that can enhance the spread of Ebola are hygienic, cultural and religious. African villages and towns have communal water collection points that use borehole pumps. Individuals whose disease status is still asymptomatic can spread the disease to many people before anybody is aware there is an infectious disease around. In Africa we queue for anything in the banks, post offices, etc. In these places we meet friends whom we greet by shaking hands. If an infected person has sweaty hands the possibility of passing on the disease is there (small probability though). African funerals are probably the most likely places where Ebolathrives. Africans enjoy washing dead relatives, clothe the dead relatives, etc. All these are are ways in which Ebola can spread.The health care systems are over burdened. Children are made to share beds in most hospitals. One child can easily pass on the disease to the other and to family of each child. Cultural practices are responsible for most of the disease spread. In Africa we eat from a common plate and wash hands from the same dish. As part of the Christian faith we shake hands to show our love for each other. Potentially this is another way Ebola can spread. We have developed a mathematical model to investigate the impact of various practices on the spread of Ebola. The model includes infection of susceptible individuals by the reservoir, infected humans and the dead. Reference will be made to the current Ebola epidemic in West Africa. Can deterministic models explain the characteristics of Ebola dynamics? We compare the results given by deterministic and stochastic models.

Investigation of Energy Losses in the Flow Section of the Small-Sized Axial-Flow Pump

The theses present results of a study of a small-sized axial-flow stage with blades of small aspect ratio, which is designed for submersible borehole pumps. The energy losses in the flow section of stage are analyzed in research. Refined equations of total hydraulic losses for these flow parts were received by numerical simulation. The results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental data.

Determination of electrical centrifugal pump unit capability based on pressure survey results with thermal and manometrical system at the pump suction

The article shows the possibility of getting of additional information about determination of productivity of electric centrifugal pumping unit, as well as productive parameters of well by using of measurements with the help of precise thermo manometric system at the pump suction. The equipment of mechanized stack of wells with remote pressure and temperature sensors at pump suction enables to solve the tasks more precisely. Using of telemetry systems with thermo-manometric sensors constantly fixing parameters of downhole pumping equipment and environment is a promising direction for solving the tasks of pressure transient analysis of mechanized stack. As distinct from wave measuring the TMS sensor detects pressure on suction level of electrical borehole pump, that is why there is not necessity to calculate the fluids density in annular space above electrical centrifugal pump while calculating bottom hole and rock pressure. Thus, due to widespread introduction of borehole pumps equipped with pressure sensors in oil production, there are no problems with borehole pressure data logging. But direct measurement of fluid flow rate coming from the bed is a difficult task, especially for marginal wells. Classic pressure transient analysis technologies do not provide determining the change in flow rate over time, and this variable is fixed (for example: pressure transient analysis after well start-up with constant production rate, immediate cease of fluid flow from the bed after well shut-in from steady state). The relevance of the topic is determined by necessity of developing the well survey methods at nonsteady state during the process of start-up and improving the results of hydrodynamic studies interpretation quality. Results of the researches confirmed the adequate accuracy of the determination of productive characteristics of well under the pressure suppression curve.