Border Guard Service Research Articles

Coordination of counter-terrorism actors, whose activities are directed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine within its powers

Currently, Ukraine has been constantly struggling with hybrid threats, especially terrorism, which arose as a result of the Russian Federation’s aggression. The problematic issue of organising and counteracting such a phenomenon as a terrorist act requires special attention, as the inability of key public authorities responsible for detecting and suppressing these criminal acts to apply organisational and managerial decisions correctly does not allow minimising them. Therefore, there is no doubt that the effectiveness of countering such threats depends on the activities of the Interagency Coordination Commission of the Anti-Terrorist Centre of the Security Service of Ukraine, which, for its part, regulates the conduct of measures to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions of terrorist acts and other crimes committed for terrorist purposes, since the tactics of combating this crime are formed, in particular, by conducting certain activities by officers of the National Police of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. These bodies are interdependent in fulfilling their tasks in the fight against terrorism, which has recently been spreading across the entire territory of our country and leaving traces in the form of destroyed infrastructure and civilian deaths. The latest ideas on the development of organisational and managerial measures, including special operations or measures aimed at the rapid termination of terrorist acts, play a priority role. The article examines the gaps in the legislation and proposes to consider amending it. Such amendments will help to increase the level of coordination of counter-terrorism actors, which are part of the Interagency Coordination Commission of the Anti-Terrorist Centre under the Security Service of Ukraine and whose activities are directed by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, in order to improve the prevention of terrorist activities, their detection, suppression and minimisation of their consequences. A properly constructed model can be used in the future and demonstrate a high and positive result in countering terrorism in Ukraine.

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF STATE BORDER GUARD SERVICE ASSETS IN COOPERATION WITH THE SECURITY AND DEFENCE FORCES OF UKRAINE

The article analyses the border guard scholars’ views on the algorithmisation and procedure for the use of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine’s assets, as well as the organisation of interaction with the security and defence forces to counteract enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the state border. The article reviews the scientific works on possible options for the use of state border guard units of the state border guard bodies while performing tasks related to state border protection and defence. It is established that the protection of the state border of Ukraine under current conditions is carried out under the legal regime of martial law. The war is ongoing in the East of Ukraine, and the rest of the country has seen a deterioration in the crime situation, and therefore the border guard detachment headquarters must be constantly prepared to work in such circumstances and, particularly, be ready to counteract the enemy’s sabotage and reconnaissance activities. Based on the above, we have identified a number of recommendations for the border guard detachment’s headquarters to organise special measures to search for and eliminate enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups and to involve the defence forces in these actions. Taking into account the latest risks and threats arising on the state border of Ukraine, as well as the approval of the “Military Security Strategy of Ukrain” perspective directions for further work improvement on ensuring reliable protection and defence of the state border of Ukraine and countering enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the state border are outlined, which can be reflected in the development of a wide range of algorithms for the actions of the head of the state border guard body, for localising situations of various genesis, as well as organizing interaction with units from the security and defence forces of Ukraine.

Characterization of the content and level of human rights protection in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

The article examines the content and level of human rights protection in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. It analyzes various aspects of the border agency’s operations, including organizational and legal foundations, methods and forms of control, and personnel training. The importance of clarifying the content of international human rights documents and standards for the effective work of border guard agencies and units is thoroughly discussed. The authors emphasize that knowledge and understanding of these provisions are crucial for law enforcement officers in their daily activities. Emphasis is placed on the fact that understanding the requirements of these documents helps ensure that the actions of the border agency comply with international standards and norms regarding human rights protection. Additionally, it is noted that such activities contribute to the formation of appropriate approaches and behavior among law enforcement officers when dealing with citizens, detaining individuals, and resolving conflict situations. Accordingly, understanding and utilizing international standards is an important element in the professional activities of border guards to ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms. Various approaches and strategies that can be applied to ensure and protect human rights and freedoms during the operational activities of the border service are analyzed. Possible ways to further enhance the effectiveness of this work are highlighted, including improving legislation, increasing personnel qualifications, and implementing new methods and technologies for working with people. Attention is drawn to the importance of developing and implementing a comprehensive approach to ensuring human rights and freedoms in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which takes into account various aspects of its functioning and human needs. Such an approach allows optimizing the work of the service with maximum protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms. The conclusion is made about the necessity of restructuring the relationship between border guards and people on the basis of partnership, as well as improving the forms, methods, and means of ensuring human rights and freedoms. It is important that the service personnel adhere to international human rights standards in their activities and continually enhance their competence in this area. The need to improve the efficiency of the border service requires a thorough and systematic scientific analysis of its organizational and legal foundations in this field.

Implementing Content-Based Instruction in Online ESP Course within the System of Professional Training of Future Officers

The article examines the capabilities of content-based instruction (CBI) within the system of professional training of future officers of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, specifically within the online English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course. The authors argue that nowadays, due to the quarantine restrictions and ongoing war initiated by Russia, it is crucial to enhance the border guards’ foreign language competence through a distance learning system. The study showed positive results in applying the CBI strategy to deliver an ESP course. This approach contributes immensely to developing context-appropriate language competence, boosts motivation-driven engagement, and increases retention and long-term academic success rates. The course content includes such topics as intercultural communication, illicit trafficking of radiological and nuclear materials, human trafficking, and fundamental rights. To deliver the content of the CBI course, the authors had to consider its online format and work out such learning activities as reading and listening to authentic job-related content, completing online interactive activities, and engaging in case-studying and problem-solving activities. The course results showed a considerable improvement in learners’ ability to effectively communicate in English within the professional border guard context, use the foreign language to build knowledge and skills around human values, recognise, analyse, and solve various border-related incidents involving topics covered in the course. The effectiveness of the online ESP course studied based on CBI has shown that implementing this approach in online education deserves recognition and acceptance.

Actions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine against Russian Troops in the Crimea at the Beginning of the Russian Aggression in 2014

Actions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine against Russian Troops in the Crimea at the Beginning of the Russian Aggression in 2014

Information support for administrative and jurisdictional activities of the state border guard service of Ukraine in relation to proceedings on administrative offences

Information support for administrative and jurisdictional activities of the state border guard service of Ukraine in relation to proceedings on administrative offences

Approach to creation model of software-oriented communication network of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Enhancing the level of information resource protection of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, as a component of Ukraine's defense forces, is an important task, especially in times of war. An effective and reliable corporate network of the border agency becomes a key component for ensuring security, coordination, and responsiveness to both internal and external threats. One aspect of developing the information space is the development of the transport network of the State Border Guard Service. Analysis of existing technologies, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, allowed for the identification of Software-Defined Wide Area Networking technology as the one that best meets the conformity criteria defined by the experts of the Communication and Information Systems Management. This technology not only allows for optimizing network traffic and ensuring high-speed data transmission but also guarantees flexibility in network management and enhances security. For the State Border Guard Service, responsible for the security of the country's borders, the use of advanced Software-Defined Wide Area Networking technologies can be crucial for optimizing operations and ensuring the highest level of information security. The article focuses on developing a conceptual model for building the corporate network of the State Border Guard Service based on Software-Defined Wide Area Networking technology. The main goal of the research is to consider the possibility of implementing this technology in the context of its application by Ukraine's defense forces and to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. The research task was to study the technical aspects of implementing Software-Defined Wide Area Networking, namely: configuration of network devices, traffic management, security monitoring, and data protection. Cisco's Software-Defined Wide Area Networking has applied an optimal approach to network architecture, which separates the control plane from the data plane of all peripheral routers and implements all control functions in a centralized software controller called vSmart. Practical recommendations from the research allowed for ensuring continuous network service by rerouting around failures and potential causes of downtime.

Analysis of the conditions and specifics of the border command posts engagement in the performance of missions on the restoration of control over the state border of Ukraine

Purpose: to analyze the conditions and specifics of the border command posts involvement in the performance of missions on restoration of control over the state border of Ukraine. Method: system analysis, generalization; synthesis. Findings: threats to border security, missions and measures performed by the border command post during the restoration of control over the state border of Ukraine were summarized, contradictions were identified, and the further focus of the study was formed. Theoretical implications: the result of the study allows the further development of scientific and methodological support for the involvement of bodies and units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in various conditions, in particular, during the restoration of control over the state border of Ukraine. Practical implications: it is possible to use the results of the study during the organization of the operational and service activities of the state border protection bodies for a year or another period and during the implementation of measures to restore control over the state border of Ukraine. Originality: measures carried out by the border command posts during the restoration of control over the state border of Ukraine are systematized according to directions, which are aimed at ensuring the security of the state border and national security as a whole.

RESEARCH OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES USE IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE MILITARY STAFF

In the article the use of distance learning technologies in the professional training and advanced training of personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine is substantiated. It is proposed to conduct a survey among teachers on a certain list of questions. Each issue of the effectiveness of distance learning technologies is fundamentally described and analyzed. The survey was conducted among the academic staff of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (then – SBGSU) and the teachers of Major General Igor Momot Central Training Centre of the SBGSU. The results of the survey are presented in the form of tables and diagrams. It is noted that due to distance learning, the teaching staff mainly uses Zoom, Viber, and Google Meet applications. It was found that foreign distance learning platforms are used by teachers mainly for professional self-development, as well as for additional tasks for cadets, research projects and assignments.Based on these results, the advantages and disadvantages of using distance learning technologies for border guard training were identified. A third of the teachers chose distance education, as it provides training in conditions of forced dispersion and distance, thanks to Internet access. The practical use of technical devices among teaching staff is considered and a comparison with the use of the same means by cadets is proposed. As for the quality of assessment of cadets by teachers when using distance learning technologies, the reasons for its bias are stated, which is related to the difficulty of monitoring the actions and integrity of cadets.

Legal regulation of the grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and state of emergency

The scientific article studied and explained the content of the legal and regulatory grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. This problem is understudied.
 With the help of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, the authors have researched the laws of Ukraine, current subordinate legal acts and scientific sources that regulate the grounds for the use of weapons of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
 The work clarified the content and features of the legal support for the use of weapons of ships, boats and vessels.
 It has been established that the measures of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency, in the implementation of which the state border protection authorities take part, determine the possibility, necessity and grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
 Most of the reasons for the use of the weapons of ships and boats can be aimed at ensuring the measures of the legal regime of war, and in some cases, the state of emergency. In such conditions, the subordination of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Service of Ukraine may change, which determines the entity that grants permission to use their weapons after a warning.
 The authors come to the conclusion that the reasons for the use of weapons by ships, boats and vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which are defined in the laws of Ukraine, are aimed at the forcible termination of offenses and crimes, ensuring compliance with measures of martial law and state of emergency. The blanket form of the norms regulating the grounds for the use of weapons on ships and boats makes it necessary to refer to other laws and subordinate legal acts of Ukraine and to take into account the specifics of the law enforcement, service and combat activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the conditions of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency.

The subject of criminal trespass in forensic characteristics of obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations

The article states that Russia's military aggression against our country created, among other things, the need to make changes to domestic legislation in order to criminalize certain activities of people. In particular, by supplementing the Criminal Code of Ukraine with Article 114-1 "Obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations.” And with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine, unfortunately, the number of the specified criminal offenses only increased: 7 criminal offenses in 2021, 76 in 2022, 159 in 2023.
 It has been established that the subject of a criminal offense in the studied category of criminal offenses will be the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations in a special period.
 It has been investigated that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are a military formation that, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, is entrusted with the defense of Ukraine, the protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability. And other military formations include the State Border Service of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Special Service of Transport, the State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, as well as the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine
 It was concluded that the subject of criminal trespass is a criminal offense provided for in Art. 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is the legal activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Special Transport Service, the State Service for Special Communication and Information Protection of Ukraine and the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine. The obstruction itself may consist of a certain intervention aimed at complicating the successful performance of the tasks of the Armed Forces and other military formations within the framework of their legitimate activities. Such obstacles can arise both in the form of actions that pose a threat to society, and in the form of inaction. In the first case, obstruction can be manifested in active measures aimed at creating physical barriers (for example, damage to vehicles) and/ or informational barriers (for example, spreading disinformation). In the second case, it may arise due to non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of legal obligations (for example, sabotage), which as a result leads to the corresponding obstruction.

Types of military formations as part of a criminal offense under art. 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

In the context of constantly changing geopolitical realities and expanding terrorist threats, the problem of military formations in the context of a criminal offense is becoming more relevant than ever. This article will examine the current state of this problem, determine its relevance and suggest possible ways to protect against this type of threat. The purpose of the work is to define the types of “military formation” and to establish their typical features. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of theoretical and practical approaches, within which general scientific and special legal methods are applied. The author analyzes the concept of “military formation” and identifies its types at the regulatory, legal and theoretical and legal levels. The article focuses on the issues related to the types of military formations and their inherent features, and their place in the criminal offense under Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author concludes that legislative regulation of military formations in the area of criminal offenses requires immediate attention and effective measures. This issue is global, and therefore international cooperation and development of special forces are key factors for protection against crime. Our research allows us to distinguish the types of military formations: The Armed Forces of Ukraine and their structural subdivisions, characterized by the presence of all mandatory features of such formations as military; the National Guard of Ukraine and the Foreign Intelligence Service; military formations of the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the State Special Transport Service; other military formations, which include the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, the State Protection Department of Ukraine, etc.

Problemy vyznachennia poniattia viiskovoho maina yak predmeta viiskovykh kryminalnykh pravoporushen

The concept of «military property» is investigated, and several shortcomings of its normative definition are identified. Based on the analysis of the Law of Ukraine «On the legal regime of property in the Armed Forces of Ukraine,» laws of Ukraine regulating the activities and legal status of other military formations, some bylaws contradictions were revealed regarding the recognition of the military property of the National Guard of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communication and Information Protection of Ukraine, as well as the property of the State Special Transport Service, in addition to the weapons and ammunition assigned to its units. In addition, the problem of interpretation of «the concept of «military property» is formed by the use in its normative definition of the phrase «assigned to...», which calls into question the recognition as military property, material property, property transferred as charitable assistance, property received as a result of economic activity, «trophy» property, etc. These problems may make it difficult to apply the norms on criminal liability provided for in articles 410-413 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The study also found that property may lose its military status if written off or alienated from the moment of approval or signing of the relevant official documents. At the same time, the write-off of property does not lead to the loss of its military status if, as a result of the write-off, it is transferred to another accounting category. Separate property is subject to write-off immediately after its transfer to use. Therefore, from the moment of such write-off, it loses its military status and cannot constitute the subject of criminal offenses provided for in articles 410-413 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Based on the study results, we propose to introduce amendments to regulatory legal acts regulating the legal regime of military property, which would extend their effect to all military formations created under the legislation of Ukraine. Changes to the normative definition of the «military property» concept are also proposed, which consist of recognizing any property in the records of a military formation or any property that has come into the possession of such a formation.

Enhancing future officers' physical preparedness in the process of professional training: a higher military education institution case study

The article reveals the results of a study of physical preparedness of cadets studying at the tactical level of military education in a Higher Military Educational Institution of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The authors of the article determine that in the result of physical training, the future officers form a complex ability that combines intention for constant professional physical development and selfimprovement, readiness to utilize applied and methodological knowledge on physical culture, applied motor skills and personal safety skills, defense and attack skills using special means and techniques of hand-to-hand combat, ability to use physical force and special means. A group of 275 cadets of 3-4 courses who were studying at the tactical level of military education was selected for the study. The generalized data allowed to conclude that the majority of cadets have an average level of formation of knowledge, abilities, skills and their average value of physical preparedness equals 3,420 on a fivepoint scale. The authors note that in the context of the traditional educational process, cadets are not sufficiently motivated to engage in physical education and their level of physical preparedness is affected by age characteristics and service employment.

Promotion of military tourism as a tool of socioeconomic development of a region (on the example of Kyiv Oblast)


 
 
 The article provides evidences to support the notion that development of military tourism is a driver of socioeconomic growth of a region. In the present study, we used the gen- eral scientific and sophisticated scientific methods of research, including structural-functional analysis, statistical method, and comparative analysis. The study results were substantiated based on the data of the State Committee of Statistics of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, State Agency of Tourism Development of Ukraine, Kyiv Oblast Center of the Development of Tourism, and materials from other scientific and official sources. We provided a definition of military tourism, which is proposed to be understood as a special kind of tourism in which the tourists can visit war-related historical sites and modern notable military objects; join the realities of the contemporary life in the military and familiarize themselves with the military experience; and participate in safe military events or historical reconstructions. We analyzed the reasons of decline in the tourist flows that occurred over the recent three years and presented the main ways of increasing them. We analyzed types of military tours offered by the Ukrainian tour guides on the domestic tourism market and studied the level of involvement of the respondents in military tourism in Ukraine. We demonstrated that military tourism is on offer in Ukraine, but against the backdrop of martial law, the internal tourism has specifics related to permits and restrictions that are in force during the war in relatively safe western and central regions of the country. Assessment of perspectives of military-tourism development in Ukraine using SWOT analysis revealed that it has many advantages, the main being the resources that can be used in creating a competitive tourism product, while the shortcomings include inaccessibility of the landmarks, absence of finances and investments, and high cost of the tours. For the socioeconomic development of Kyiv Oblast, we propose the Ukraine Undefeatable tour, having accounted for the abovementioned requirements to organizing tours in Ukraine in the conditions of martial law. The tour was developed based on the objects we selected in Kyiv Oblast. We confirmed that the development of military tourism is one of the most efficient drivers of socioeconomic growth of the region, Kyiv Oblast in particular, because it promotes increases in socioeconomic indicators of the region’s development.
 
 

Modern information and communication technologies in the training of junior border guards in the countries of the European Union

The article characterizes modern information and communication technologies (hereinafter - ICT), which are used in the process of basic training of border guards of the countries of the European Union, with the aim of adapting advanced foreign experience to the system of professional training of junior border service inspectors in departmental educational institutions of the Ukrainian border guard agency. It was found that the use of ICT in the process of professional training of border guards allows to optimize the overall professional development of junior inspectors of the border guard service, motivates the personnel of the border guard department to study new material in a convenient way after classroom hours, ensures the implementation of the principles of mobile learning, expands the range of possible exercises and professionally oriented tasks, which contributes to a better involvement of listeners in the process of learning educational content. The development and implementation of educational ICT in the system of professional training of junior inspectors of the border guard service changes the structure of the cognitive activity of the future specialist, which affects the content of education, determines the renewal of forms, methods and principles of training focused on the use of their independence. The authors sate that considered modern ICT based on web platforms of law enforcement agencies of the European Union countries allow junior border guard service inspectors to take an active position in the process of mastering new knowledge, to independently determine the order, pace, and method of acquiring knowledge, and is currently a key element of the professional training of junior border guard service inspectors in the departmental educational institutions of the Ukrainian border guard agency.

КВАЛІФІКАЦІЙНІ ВИМОГИ ТА МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО НАВЧАННЯ ОПЕРАТОРІВ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ ДЛЯ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

Based on the generalization of the experience of participation of military units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in performing tasks related to the defense of the state, the article formulates requirements and proposes methodological approaches to training of operators of mini-class unmanned aerial vehicles (FPV-drones), which will make it possible to organize targeted training of FPV-drone operators not only in the training centers of the border guard agencies, but also directly in the units and on the basis of relevant volunteer organizations.

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The article studies the issues of organising interaction between the units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the defence forces. Recommendations for management bodies on the operating procedure and practicing reporting and planning documents are developed. The main issues of interaction are systematised and the necessity of strengthening the measures of interaction between the units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the defence forces during the execution of combat missions under martial law is substantiated.

Peculiarities of the Application of Information and Communication Technologies for Distance Learning of the Canadian Border Guard Service Personnel

The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of distance education in Canadian educational institutions. The specifics of distance learning in the most popular land-based and virtual universities in different provinces of Canada are highlighted. The main tasks of distance education in the Canadian higher education system are identified. The key problems that hinder the development of distance education at the international level are identified. It is proved that distance learning in Canada is successfully integrated into the educational process and is aimed at training highly qualified specialists in various fields. It is known that due to changes in security legislation in 2001, the practice of visiting different checkpoints was cancelled. It is proved that Second Life is an online world in which users (residents) create avatars and interact with other participants, places or objects. It was noted that a virtual border crossing point was created using Second Life to train cadets to conduct interviews with people crossing the border at checkpoints to Canada. It has been researched that in order to enroll in distance learning and continuing education courses, certain requirements must be met. It is indicated that distance education offers hundreds of courses available on a monthly or semester basis. The article describes the distance learning course "Border Services" on the website, which is divided into two parts. It is known that the first part of the course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the activities and functions of the Canada Border Services Agency and the second one is to provide students with an understanding of Canadian citizenship and immigration.

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The factors that determine the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in military crisis situations are studied. The legislative and regulatory framework governing the activities of the bodies and units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine has been analyzed, as well as the external and internal factors that affect its effectiveness in such conditions. Particular attention is focused on the use of a border guard detachment as the main operational and service unit of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The experience of using the bodies and units during the repulsion of the armed aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine from 2014 to the present is studied separately. The author analyses the consequences of the armed aggression and examines the use of bodies and units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine as part of the Defence Forces of Ukraine. The factors that determine the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in performing tasks in military crisis situations are summarized. The role and place of the state border protection bodies and units during the performance of tasks in military crisis situations are highlighted.