Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis Research Articles

BANKING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A BOOTSTRAP PANEL GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the Granger causal relationship between banking sector development and economic growth for forty developing countries in the period 1970-2012. We devised two indices to comprehensively assess the development of the banking sector and employed a panel bootstrapped approach for Granger causality testing. This method adequately addresses concerns related to cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. Our empirical findings offer modest backing for the supply-leading, demand-following, and complementarity hypotheses. Moreover, our analysis suggests a causal relationship between banking sector development and economic growth across twenty-five countries. This paper investigates the relationship between banking sector development and economic growth in developing countries using a Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis. The banking sector plays a crucial role in fostering economic development by mobilizing savings, allocating capital efficiently, and channeling investments into productive sectors. However, the precise nature of the causal linkages between banking sector development and economic growth remains subject to empirical scrutiny, particularly in the context of developing economies characterized by diverse institutional settings and economic structures. Employing a panel data approach, this study examines the causal dynamics between banking sector development and economic growth across a sample of developing countries. By leveraging the richness of cross-country variation and time-series dynamics, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the symbiotic relationship between banking sector development and economic growth. Our discoveries illuminate the causal connection between banking sector advancement and economic growth in developing nations, presenting significant insights for policymakers, economists, and scholars. Through informing policy discussions and promoting data-driven decision-making, this research contributes to the crucial goals of sustainable development and inclusive growth in developing economies.

Renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in Eastern and South African countries: the role of informality.

This study investigates the role of informality in the relationship among renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in a panel of 19 Eastern and South African countries. The empirical strategy exploits the panel generalized method of moments, panel fixed effects models using the Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, panel method of moments quantile regressions, and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis. The results are fourfold. First, nonrenewable energy consumption is positively associated with CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption is not. Second, there is a nonlinear ∩ -shaped relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Third, the results show a nonlinear ∪ -shaped relationship between informality and CO2 emissions, suggesting that higher informality is associated with lower CO2 emissions up to a certain critical point beyond which further increases in informality precipitate higher CO2 emissions. Fourth, the results show unidirectional causality from CO2 emissions to renewable energy, from CO2 emissions to nonrenewable energy, from informality to CO2 emissions, and feedback causality between GDP growth and CO2 emissions.

Relationship Between Energy Security and Economic Growth: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis

This study is aimed to examine the relationship causality between energy security and growth for a total of 74 countries including 39 high-income countries, 23 upper-middle-income countries, and 12 lower-middle-income countries by using the Kónya´s (Kónya, 2006) Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality approach. According to the results obtained, it has been determined unidirectional causality relationship from energy security risk level to GDP for 14 countries and from GDP to energy security risk level for 20 countries. On the other hand, there is bidirectional causality between energy security risk level and GDP for 22 countries, while there is no causality between energy security risk level and GDP for 18 countries. Moreover, the results are also demonstrated that the rate of detection of a causality relationship increases as one moves from high-income group countries to lower-middle-income group countries. The results, which evidence the existence of a relationship between energy security risk level and economic growth for many countries, reveal the importance of the policies to be implemented in this direction.

Can education lower the environmental degradation? Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis for emerging countries

Can education lower the environmental degradation? Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis for emerging countries

CAUSALITY LINKAGES BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY AND FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION FOR G7 COUNTRIES

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the causality linkages between income inequality and financial globalization for G7 countries over the period 1970-2015. The bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis by Kónya (2006) is used. The empirical results indicate that there is a causality linkage between income inequality and financial globalization in most of the G7 countries. Furthermore, it is shown that income tax has a significant role on the causality linkage. Hence, in order to reduce income inequality, policy makers should apply high taxes on top income, using fiscal policy instruments

G20 ve OECD Ülkelerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: 2005-2017

This study investigates the link between foreign direct investment (FDI) and renewable energy (RE) as a primary energy source for G20 countries, OECD member countries and Worldwide. For this purpose, bootstrap panel Granger Causality Analysis developed by Konya (2006) was employed for over the period 2005-2017 to examine the existence of causality. The analysis results indicate that there is bidirectional causality between FDI and RE for the G20 and the worldwide. On the other hand, for OECD member countries, there is a one-way causality from RE to FDI. The findings state that foreign direct investments carry the developments that will make renewable energy use widespread, and the use of renewable energy makes the country suitable for foreign direct investment.

Are the twin or triple deficits hypotheses applicable to post-communist countries?

This study examines the validity of the twin or triple deficits hypotheses using bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis and an annual panel dataset of six post-communist countries (Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Hungary) during the period from 1994 to 2015. The results corroborate neither the validity of the twin deficits hypothesis nor its extended version, the triple deficits hypothesis, for any of the sample countries. In other words, we find no Granger causal relationship between budget deficits and external (trade or current account) deficits or among budget deficits, private savings-investment deficits, and external deficits in the countries examined. On the basis of these results, we reject the Keynesian view of the twin or triple deficits hypotheses. Rather, we confirm the Ricardian view.

Çelik Fiyatının Gemi Hurdası Fiyatlarına Etkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Heterojen Panelinden Bulgular

In this study, the causal relationship between global steel prices and demolition prices in five developing countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan, and Turkey) that host five main ship scrap centers in the world are examined. The bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis is employed to take heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence into account. The data set used in this study consists of 289 weekly observations from January 8, 2013 to July 16, 2018. As a result of the study, a collective causality relationship from steel price to demolition prices is determined and individual causality relationships for all countries except Bangladesh are identified.

Banking sector development and economic growth in developing countries: a bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the Granger causal relationship between banking sector development and economic growth for forty developing countries in the period 1970–2012. In order to capture the different aspects of banking sector development, we use two banking sector development indices and apply a panel bootstrap approach to Granger causality testing which takes into account cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity issues. The empirical results show limited support for the supply-leading, demand-following and complementarity hypotheses, but provide evidence for a causal relationship between banking sector development and economic growth in twenty-five countries.

Examining the causal impacts of tourism, globalization, economic growth and carbon emissions in tourism island territories: bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine the direction of causality between tourism, economic growth and carbon emissions in a multivariate framework that incorporates the newly introduced globalization index as an additional variable. In order to achieve the research objective, we employed panel Granger causality testing approach as suggested by Kónya [(2006). Exports and growth: Granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach. Economic Modelling, 23(6), 978–992] built on the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Wald tests that account for heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and also produces country-specific bootstrap critical values, for a panel of 16 small island developing countries over the periods 1995–2014. Regarding the direction of causality between the variables, empirical results provide evidence in support of demand-flowing and supply-leading hypotheses, and that factors that contribute to environment pollutions are more internal, particularly within the tourism island territories.

Are the Twin or Triple Deficits Hypotheses Applicable to Post-Communist Countries?

​This study empirically examines the validity of the twin and triple deficits hypotheses using bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis and an annual panel data set of six post-communist countries (Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Hungary) from 1994 to 2012. Our findings, based on panel data analysis under cross-sectional dependence and country-specific heterogeneity, support neither the twin deficits hypothesis nor its extended version, the triple deficits hypothesis, for any of the countries considered. In other words, we find no Granger-causal relationship between budget deficits and trade (or current account) deficits or among budget deficits, private savings-investment deficits, and trade deficits.

New Proxy of Financial Development and Economic Growth in Medium-Income Countries: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis

This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth for 27 medium-income countries in the period 1970 to 2012. We develop a new proxy for financial development that refers to the input of real resources into the financial system and apply the panel bootstrapped approach to Granger causality. The results show, for three countries the findings support strong evidence on supply-leading hypothesis which implies that financial development induces economic growth and for six countries the findings support strong evidence on demand-following. Our results confirm for twenty one countries suggesting that their financial development does not depend on economic growth.

Electricity consumption and economic growth in transition countries: A revisit using bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the Granger causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth for 15 transition economies for the period 1975–2010 using a bootstrap panel causality approach that allows for both cross-sectional dependency and for heterogeneity across countries. Applying this approach, we found a unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to economic growth only in Belarus and Bulgaria; from economic growth to electricity consumption in the Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania and the Russian Federation; bidirectional causality only in Ukraine while no Granger causality in any direction in Albania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic and Slovenia. These results show that there is a limited support for the electricity-led growth hypothesis. Nevertheless these different findings provide important implications for energy strategies and policies for transition countries.

Immigration, unemployment and GDP in the host country: Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis on OECD countries

This paper examines the causality relationship between immigration, unemployment and economic growth of the host country. We employ the panel Granger causality testing approach of Kònya (2006) that is based on SUR systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. This approach allows one to test for Granger-causality on each individual panel member separately by taking into account the contemporaneous correlation across countries. Using annual data over the 1980–2005 period for 22 OECD countries, we find that, only in Portugal, unemployment negatively causes immigration, while in any country, immigration does not cause unemployment. On the other hand, our results show that, in four countries (France, Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom), growth positively causes immigration, whereas in any country, immigration does not cause growth.

Economic growth and financial development in Asian countries: A bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis

This study using Kónya (2006) [Kónya, L. (2006). Exports and growth: Granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach. Economic Modelling 23, 978–992.] method of bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis, which considers the issues of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity among countries investigated simultaneously, analyzes the causality between financial development and economic growth among ten Asian countries surveyed during period 1980 to 2007. We find that the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth is sensitive to the financial development variables used in the ten Asian countries examined in this work. Moreover, our findings support the supply-leading hypothesis, as many financial development variables lead economic growth in some of the ten Asian countries surveyed, especially in China.

Immigration, Unemployment and Growth in the Host Country: Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries

This paper examines the causality relationship between immigration, unemployment and economic growth of the host country. We employ the panel Granger causality testing approach of Konya (2006) that is based on SUR systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. This approach allows to test for Granger-causality on each individual panel member separately by taking into account the contemporaneous correlation across countries. Using annual data over the 1980-2005 period for 22 OECD countries, we find that, only in Portugal, unemployment negatively causes immigration, while in any country, immigration does not cause unemployment. On the other hand, our results show that, in four countries (France, Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom), growth positively causes immigration, whereas in any country, immigration does not cause growth.

Development aid, Openness to Trade and Economic Growth in Least Developed Countries: Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis

This study examines causal relations among development aid, openness to trade and economic growth in the Least Developed Countries (LDC), for the period between 1970 and 2010. The variables under scrutiny are real per capita GDP, openness to trad e ratio and total net Official Development Assistance as share of national income. By making use of a new Granger causality testing approach properly taking into account cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity issues, this paper finds no significant causality relation among foreign aid, openness to trade, and economic growth in a panel of African LDCs.

Immigration, Unemployment and Growth in the Host Country: Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries

Immigration, Unemployment and Growth in the Host Country: Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries

Financial development and economic growth nexus in the MENA countries: Bootstrap panel granger causality analysis

This paper investigates the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. The panel causality testing approach, developed by Kónya (2006) [Kónya, L. (2006), exports and growth: Granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach, Economic Modelling, 23, 978–992], based on the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Wald tests with the country specific bootstrap critical values, is applied to the panel of fifteen MENA countries for the period 1980–2007. In order to capture the different aspects of financial development, six different indicators are used. Empirical results show that there is no clear consensus on the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth for all measurements of financial development and it is also observed that the findings are country specific.