Booster Pumping Station Research Articles

Transient hydraulic analysis of the water delivery pipeline in mountainous areas for cascade pressurized pump stations

ABSTRACT Aiming at the problem that cascade pressurized pump stations in mountainous areas are more prone to pump shutdown accidents compared to single-stage pressurized pump stations. Various pump shutdown accidents that may occur in the pressurized water supply system of the terrace pumping station were analyzed in a targeted manner. Additionally, it was also explored that in addition to water hammer protection measures, remote-control measures for water pumps based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) may be used to reduce the severity of accidents. A single-factor experimental method was used to numerically analyze various accident conditions of a simplified model of a three-stage series pressurized water delivery system consisting of a water intake pump station, a midway pump station, and a final-stage pump station, without water hammer protection devices. The impact of different control variables on the transient hydraulic calculations of pumping stations at all levels was evaluated. The results showed that optimizing the precedence of shutdowns, and the sequential shutdown times of each stage pump station could be assisted to some extent in water hammer protection by the PLC. This provides technical support and detailed optimization for the scientific control of cascade booster pumping stations in mountainous areas.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОВЫСИТЕЛЬНЫХ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ ДЛЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ СИСТЕМ ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЯ

The authors consider the problem of insufficient power of existing boiler houses and heat supply networks in large cities, which leads to overloads and accidents. Modernization of operation in heat supply system is aimed at improving energy efficiency, environmental safety and reliability of heat supply networks. The use of modern technologies provides a significant improvement in the operation of heat supply systems and makes the coolant more accessible and efficient for consumers. To ensure uninterrupted operation of heat supply facilities in residential areas and efficient operation of heat supply networks and heating mains in hard-to-reach areas with difficult terrain, the authors proposed to install or modernize booster pumping stations. Such stations help to keep the required parameters of the coolant and to provide heat consumers with quality coolant. The article discusses the operating principle of pumping stations and provides a functional diagram of process automation. Piezometric diagrams of preand post-installation of booster pumping stations allow us to speak about the positive effect of booster pumping stations modernization in the heat supply system. Thus, after reconstruction, the total capacity of pumping groups on the direct and return circuits increased by 1.33 times, the head in the system – by 1.12 times.

ОЦЕНКА ВЕРОЯТНОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НА ГОЛОВНОЙ НЕФТЕПЕРЕКАЧИВАЮЩЕЙ СТАНЦИИ АВАРИЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ, ПРОТЕКАЮЩИХ ПО РАЗЛИЧНЫМ СЦЕНАРИЯМ

The work of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex is closely connected with the use of petroleum products, the use of which is ensured through oil pumping stations. The assessment of the probability of emergency situations at such enterprises was carried out using the example of the main oil pumping station GNPS-1 “Taishet” of TransnefteVostok LLC. It is shown that the enterprise belongs to objects of increased fire danger, the most dangerous technological areas of which are the tank farm, the main oil pumping station and the booster pumping station. A fire and explosive substance - oil is circulated in a technological scheme. Possible ways of developing emergency situations associated with the failure of equipment in individual technological sections of an oil pumping station were investigated in the work. The most dangerous accidents occur in three areas: in the tank farm, at the main and booster pumping stations. The probabilities for the development of emergency situations have been determined. It was revealed that the most dangerous scenarios are possible at any of the reservoirs of the tank farm and at the main oil pumping and booster pumping station. In both scenarios, an instant spill fire, a spill fire with delayed ignition, and an explosion of a vapor-air cloud are possible. The cause may be a failure of emergency ventilation and a vapor-air cloud gas analyzer. The studied options for the development of an accident on technological equipment will make it possible to establish the scale of the consequences of the spread of dangerous factors of fire and explosion, as well as to determine a set of measures to prevent emergency situations, timely response and minimize their consequences.

Reducing construction costs by optimizing fencing structures on the example of block-modular buildings

The introduction of modernized (improved) and new technologies is necessary to improve the quality of construction with a reasonable reduction in costs and terms of block-complete construction (BCS). There are various BCS technologies that combine known and developed methods and methods. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of construction, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks: to calculate the enclosing structures at BCS in accordance with their requirements for thermal protection, to determine the economic feasibility of the measures under consideration. On the example of a research object, the choice of enclosing structures is presented in order to reduce capital costs. If the tasks are successfully solved, it will be possible to offer the restoration of objects destroyed by natural disasters, BCS of new buildings, as well as during the reconstruction of objects. The article presents: the object of research "Compressor station in the area of BPS-2 X field"; block buildings located on the site of the booster pump station are considered; the characteristics of the enclosing structures of the "sandwich" type with various heaters are given; their thermal engineering calculation and comparative analysis of the efficiency of the heat-insulating material were carried out. Conclusions, methods and ways of solving BCS problems are presented; modernization of construction technologies.

Operation problems of booster pumping stations during the development of the Imilorskoye oil field

The article is devoted to the problems of operating a booster pumping station in the process of developing an oil field. During operation, the water cut of the product increases, and accordingly there is a need for engineering solutions that ensure the preservation of the throughput of the site, a decrease in the proportion of water in the oil produced, and a decrease in the workload of the operating techno­logical equipment. The practical significance of the article is due to the solution of the above-described problem by designing a booster pumping station and installing a preliminary water discharge in two independent stages, which will make it possible to put into operation first a booster pumping station, then, as fluid production increases, a preliminary discharge of produced water. This solution allows you to maintain the throughput of the site, to prepare field oil for reception at the central points of reception and preparation of oil. When designing and implementing the first stage, connection points, land acquisition, power supply are provided, taking into account the promising stage. The commissioning of the preliminary water discharge unit solves the problem of maintaining the throughput of the pipeline section to the receiving point and, at the same time, is a source of water for maintaining reservoir pressure.

Fatigue properties of weld joint of gas pipelines

Pipeline systems as well as pressure vessels under operation, possess some sections or junctions in which the operation conditions are different to those which were considered during the design stage. These places are usually booster pump stations or compressor stations where there are dynamical effects which are added to a pressure loading of piping systems. The most loaded sections are weld joints. Fatigue properties were measured on the specimens from the original weld joints of the pipelines. Together with the multiannual monitoring of loading pipelines at the compressor station it is possible to estimate the real fatigue strength and lifetime of welded pipelines.

Optimization of measuring instruments’ composition at the enterprise

This article discusses the component of metrological production support of a life-supporting enterprise-the work of monitoring the water pressure in the pipelines of a workshop for operating networks and booster pumping stations. Features of the current system of metrological production support are considered and characteristic shortcomings are revealed. Based on the conducted analysis, the authors propose a solution whose purpose is to optimize the existing set of measuring instruments located in the metrological department of the enterprise, considering an important component-the economic criterion.

Operation mode optimization of centrifugal pumps of a water supply system booster pumping station with a reserve tank

A technique of the optimal selection of power units and their operation mode in the booster pumping station of the water supply system with a reserve tank is proposed. The optimization mathematical model of pumping station in the form of a non-linear, multi-criteria, partially integral mathematical programming problem is developed. Necessary data for optimization problem definition: the structure of daily water consumption by consumers and resistance of the water-supply system were found on the base of a full-scale experiment results. The adopted approach has provided both mathematical rigor of the problem formulation and solution, and real data recording of consumer behavior and water supply system conditions. The processing of the full-scale experiment data was carried out by statistical methods of analysis of non-stationary random processes. The optimization procedure was realized with the help of genetic algorithm method. Comparison of booster pumping station operation optimal plans on the base of different centrifugal pumps has allowed choosing such a type of pump, that when using it, maximum energy efficiency of the water supply system is achieved and operation of pumping station with minimum number of pumps with maximum possible efficiency is provided. Minimum essential dimensions of a reserve tank, optimal operation speed of the centrifugal pumps are determined.

Parameter control of the adjustable pipeline heat supply system

Controlled pipeline heat supply systems are equipped with shut-off valves that causes a decrease in the stabilization level of the heat-transfer agent transportation process and reducing the pressure in the network during transition processes. Booster pumping stations are installed to stabilize the pressure in the heat supply system. The heat-transfer agent transportation process becomes turbulent that significantly reduces the hydraulic system stability when such systems are working. The process of transporting the coolant. Regulator that contains proportional, integral, and differential control components is used to control the dynamic parameters. Studies have revealed the reduction level of dynamic characteristics depending on the regulator components. The use of PID control allows to change the oscillatory process into acyclic process.

Simulation model of the electrical complex of auxiliary equipment of an oil and gas production enterprise

In this article we define the problem, formulate the theme and justify the relevance of the tasks to be solved, which depend on the object under study. The object under study was determined and the structure and basic elements were analyzed. It was found that an auxiliary transformer and from eight to ten outgoing lines are connected to one section of bus of a power transformer of the field substation. Mathematical models of electrical systems of a field substation and a pumping station for transporting oil flows with shop transformers, individual, node and centralized compensating installations have been developed. In mathematical models which take into account the change in the volume of transported oil into a common pipeline, asynchronous electric motors of pumping units with a capacity of 75, 132 and 160 kW with low-voltage frequency converter are considered. Using the MATLAB Simulink software package, we developed mathematical models for 75, 132 kW (132 and 160 kW) electric drives of pumping units. These models take into account emergency operation, i.e. when two pumping units operate from the same power source. The study of the operating modes of the electrotechnical complex of a booster pump station during direct start-up from the electrical network was carried out using its simulation model developed in the PSCAM software package. The article presents the simulation results in the form of graphs showing relationships between frequency buildup, electromagnetic and dynamic moments and the stator current of the asynchronous motor. Scientific novelty of the present work is in the developed mathematical and simulation models which take into account parametric perturbations in external and internal distribution electrical networks, and allow one to determine the energy parameters of operating modes in all sections and elements of the outgoing line, taking into account reactive power compensation in transient and steady-state conditions.

Прогнозная оценка пожароопасных зон при аварийных событиях на нефтегазоконденсатном месторождении

The aim of the work is to estimate the distribution zones of gas-air clouds with fire-dangerous concentrations during accidents at the booster pump station of the oil and gas condensate field. Methods. Simulation of emergency situations was performed in case of equipment leakage using the TOXI + Risk software package. The analysis of emergency events associated with the release of combustible substances during the depressurization of equipment (separator) has shown the probability of occurrence and spread of combustible gas-air clouds in the environment with concentrations corresponding to the concentration limits of ignition creating the danger of fires.

PUMP GROUP AUTOMATIC CONTROL FOR REDUCING ITS ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Booster pumping plants, equipped with a group of pump units operating in parallel, are typical objects of the city water supply system. Improving its power efficiency is a very urgent topical objective, because its power consumption is a significant part in the structure of power consumption of water utilities. The aim of the present study is to identify opportunities of improving the power efficiency of pumping stations due to the automatic control of the pump group. The paper presents results of the study of the instantaneous efficiency changes of booster pumping stations under the conditions of variable water consumption. The basic reasons of the reducing pumping plant efficiency are reported in the article. Among them, there is a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the regulated pump units, when they functioning for the hydraulic network with a significant static component of the pressure. The main factors affecting the duration of the adjustable pumping unit in inefficient area are determined. The method of controlling a group of pumping units, taking into account the instantaneous efficiency of each of them was suggested. The approbation of this method at the local booster pumping stations was fulfilled. The effects of disabling the controlled pump unit which is in the ineffective area, on the overall efficiency of the pumping station and on alteration of its output pressure immediately after the pump is switched off are studied. It was shown that the timely shutdown of an inefficiently controlled pump unit can reduce the power consumption of the pumping plant by 8–10 % as compared to the traditional control methods. The range of variation of the instantaneous efficiency of the pumping station can serve as a criterion of correct selection of pumping equipment as well it can be the rationale of the necessity for its replacement.

Effects of pumping station configuration on the energy performance of district cooling systems

In this paper, a hypothetical district representing the typical urban districts in Hong Kong was considered and a district cooling system model was designed for this district. Mathematical models were tailor-designed for all the major district cooling system equipment to simulate the effects of changing the pumping station’s configuration on the energy performance of the district cooling system. The measures included the use of multiple pumping stations and an unequal number of pumps in each station. In view of the vast number of pumping station combinations possible for analysis, a hydraulic gradient evaluation method was adopted to assist a quick assessment and exploration of those combinations that would be technically feasible. Furthermore, the energy performance of all these technically feasible combinations was evaluated to identify an optimum design that would lead to the lowest electricity consumption. Practical application: In a district cooling system where there is only one main pumping station for distributing chilled water to all the buildings in the district, the chilled water flow rate and pressure head are very high. Adding booster pumping stations can help to reduce pressure head, pump size and hence power demand of the main pumping station. In this paper, the effects of different pumping station configurations on the energy performance of a district cooling system were investigated. The configuration that could mitigate the impacts of a low delta-T on the energy performance of the district cooling system was also identified.

Multidimensional Fuzzy Control System Development of Oil Transportation and Treatment Technological Processes Based on the Input/Output Parameters Model in the Precise Terms Set Form

As pumps and pumping stations of oil collecting, maintaining reservoir pressure, transportation and treatment processes account for over 50 % of oil and gas enterprises estimated total cost of electricity, relevant issue is the development and application of intelligent control systems for energy efficiency of these processes. For the booster pump station as a multivariable nonlinear control object are proposed: a structure in which the function of regulating valves transferred to the pumps with frequency speed control; conceptual model with seven inputs and five outputs (adjustable) variables, which is the basis for constructing three-dimensional fuzzy controller with not-fuzzy terms to stabilize and improve the energy efficiency of oil transportation and treatment processes and minimize energy losses. In this paper we propose a control system of pumping station on the basis of multidimensional fuzzy logic controller with compensation of the mutual influence of control loops in the form of an additional system of production rules that helped to stabilize the liquid level at 2.5 m given level with an absolute error of ± 0.2 m and thus improve quality oil emulsion on the installation of oil and gas refining central collection point.

Staged Construction Modeling of Steel Pipes Buried in Controlled Low-Strength Material Using 3D Nonlinear Finite-Element Analysis

AbstractSeveral complexities are inherent in numerical simulation of staged construction modeling of large-diameter steel pressure pipes. A comprehensive robust three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite-element analysis model was developed and verified using three experimental field tests conducted at the Rolling Hills Booster Pump Station, Fort Worth, Texas, to simulate the behavior of buried steel pipes during staged construction installation. Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) was used as the embedment material, and the depth of the CLSM embedment and the trench width varied. The developed numerical model includes three possible nonlinearities, including geometric, material, and contact nonlinear algorithms. A large deformation algorithm was considered in the finite-element model and its associated analysis using a total Lagrangian formulation. The contact between each soil layer, soil-to-trench wall, and soil to pipe was carefully implemented. The lateral effect of compaction was identified in prev...

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WORK BOOSTER PUMP

The theoretical calculations, the raw data, graphs, calculation results and conclusions to reduce energy consumption by using integral control of the existing booster pump station versus unregulated work and that the stabilization of the output pressure of the pump station.

Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion accidents

In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events: 1) Which are the most hazardous junctions? 2) Which are the most vulnerable junctions? With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contaminant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.

다수원 상수도시스템 연계운영을 위한 최적 네트워크 모형 구축

Development of an optimal water supply system considering water quantity, quality, and economical efficiency is needed to decide optimal available area by combine water supply systems in overlapped area where are more than 2 water sources. The EPAnet and the KModSim were coupled to develop optimal network model. The developed network model was calibrated by measured data from water supply system in Geoje City, Korea in 2007 which have three water sources such as Sadeong booster pumping station, Guchun dam reservoir and Yoncho dam reservoir. The optimum network model was validated by operating results of 2011 to assess the economically optimized service area and optimal pump combination under the given hydraulic operating rules developed in this study. The developed model can be applied into designing water supply systems and operating rules for the conjunctive operation since the model can give the optimal solution satisfied with water quantity, economical efficiency and quality.

Study on arsenic level in public water supply of Delhi using hydride generator accessory coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Exposure to arsenic has been associated with several health hazards. Worldwide the main reason for chronic human intoxication with arsenic is intake of contaminated drinking water. Air acetylene type of atomic absorption spectrophotometer in combination with hydride generator accessory was used to analyze arsenic level in 25 water samples collected from 25 booster pumping stations and 313 water samples collected from tap water supply of 62 areas of Delhi. Results were analyzed using SPSS and Barlett's Chi Square Test. Mean arsenic level detected in water samples collected from booster pumping stations was 0.00976 ppm (Range 0.000-0.017 ppm, Standard Deviation 0.006 and Standard error of Mean 0.00118). Maximum arsenic level (0.017 ppm) was found in water samples of booster pumping stations of Mehrauli, Punjabi Bagh and Ramjas Road. Mean arsenic level detected in samples collected from tap water supply was 0.013 ppm (Range 0-0.0430 ppm, Standard Deviation 0.00911 and Standard error of Mean 0.000515). In water samples of 42 areas arsenic level detected was exceeding WHO/EPA permissible limit of 0.01 ppm (10 ppb). The mean arsenic level detected in water samples of booster pumping station was within WHO/EPA permissible limit while mean arsenic level detected in tap water samples was marginally higher. Mixing of ground water and contamination through broken or leaking channel could be the possible reason of higher arsenic level in tap water. Continuous monitoring of quality of drinking water is required particularly in view of water contamination caused by industrial waste and uncontrolled ground water extraction.

직결식 펌프의 수격현상

The waterhammer occur when the pumps are started or stopped for the operation or tripped due to the power failure, and the hydraulic transients take place as a result of the sudden change in velocity. Several times, the field tests of the waterhammer were carried out for Pangyo booster pumping station. Pangyo pumping station was installed with the booster pumps of 6 sets and the in-line pumps of 2 sets. The in-line pumps are additionally needed to the surge suppression device so that the pumping station acquire the safety and reliability for the pressure surge.