Book Of Exodus Research Articles

Black Readings of Exodus

Most academic study of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in North America has been done from a White European or North American perspective. Post-graduate schools have predominantly required students to read works written by White authors, and the vast majority of professors are White. However, the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament also has a long history of interpretation by non-White and Majority World thinkers, and their contributions need to be more widely acknowledged and employed in studying the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. This article surveys the contributions of Black Hebrew Bible/Old Testament scholars on the book of Exodus. Black scholars employ a variety of methods and approaches as they engage with the biblical text. We consider these approaches by category, beginning with textual criticism and translation before exploring works that focus on Africa in the Bible, those that draw on African or African American context, and those that highlight issues of gender or the perspectives of liberation theology. We conclude with those employing multi-faceted or integrative approaches.

Flourishing through Prayer by Singing in a Liturgical Choir

Prayer in human life enables directing attention to God and a transcendent goal beyond Earthly life. Singing has been present in the life of Israel since the oldest times, which is proved on the pages of the Holy Scriptures, in the Books of Exodus and Psalms. In the New Testament, there is a lot of encouragement to sing the glory of God in psalms and songs, as well as praising God Most High in Revelation. The Catholic Church is concerned with the quality of liturgical music through a number of recommendations and requirements defining the pieces that may become a part of the liturgy. Liturgical choir singing is a special form of common prayer. The aim of the present paper is to examine the effect of prayer by choral singing on human flourishing. The aim was achieved by analyzing recommendations of the Church on liturgical music, presenting the assumptions of the theoretical model investigating the effect of art on human flourishing, and then conducting empirical studies. Sixteen in-depth interviews were carried out with members of fourteen choirs. There were four groups of respondents according to their gender and family status. All obtained codes were organized into five main themes with four subcategories. They confirmed the assumptions of the model presented in the theoretical part and made it possible to identify the effect of choral singing on the performers’ health and the improvement of their skills. In addition, they showed a direct relation between prayer and spiritual well-being when singing in a choir, a coherence of activities with values as well as the striving for happiness.

Freedom Fighters: An Ecowomanist Reading of the Female Figures in Moses's Life

Abstract: This article underscores how intersectional female collaboration—across ethnicity, age, gender, and class—is supported by the forces of Mother Earth. It posits that the female collective in the book of Exodus both resists the oppressive Pharaonic regime and violence enacted by the deity. It also illuminates that girls and women offer effective models for addressing systemic violence against marginalized and vulnerable people through collective action and wisdom, which shift physical, social, economic, and political realities, enabling life and justice to thrive over killing and oppression.

Kesetiaan Tuhan dan Pemberontakan Israel di Padang Gurun

The thing that many people conceiving is the negative perspective on the wilderness. When we hear the word “wilderness”, our mind are immediately caught up in a dry, arid, barren and scary place. No one would choose to live in this almost lifeless place. In Pentateuch particularly in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy we are told about the wilderness in which the Israelites was chosen by God to wander for a promised land around forty years. It can be imagined that in the severe circumstance of the desert, the Israelites struggled to survive.
 On certain occasions the Israelites rebelled against God by allowing idolatry in their lives and complaining about the lack of food and drink. The rebellion of the Israelites in the wilderness, on the one hand, expressed their inability to remain faithful to the covenant that had been made with God on Mount Sinai. On the other hand, the same God who brought them out of Egypt remained faithful to His covenant to lead the Israelites to the promised land. At some point the wilderness witnessed Israel's rebellion against God, and God’s faithfulness to Israel as His chosen people. The desert also turned to be a school of faith for Israel to purify their faith and to learn how to observe Yahweh.

Translation or Tradition: A Brief Survey of Some Translational Issues in the Book of Exodus

In translating the MT of Exodus, we should be aware of the danger of allowing strongly embedded traditions to influence our rendering of specific Hebrew terms into English. Due to a now redundant sense of the English term “plague,” which previously meant a “strike” or “blow,” we should abandon its use to denote the miraculous events that are recorded in Exodus. For different reasons, we should also jettison references to an angelic destroyer and the Israelites departing as an army from the story of God’s redemption of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.

God’s warning from the Book of Exodus and Mahasweta Devi in “Rudali”: A Comparison

Mahasweta Devi is one of those extraordinary writers who fought for the marginalised tribes of the country for the past six decades. She is a strange mix of an activist and a writer. Through her writings, she often depicts the brutal oppression of the tribal people by the money-lenders, upper class landlords, and government officials. As the crusader of the tribal people, Mahasweta Devi emphasizes on justice, mercy, equality, liberty, love and women empowerment. In this paper, the researcher has thrown light on how Devi warns the society of the dooming consequences of oppression as in the Book of Exodus.

From Sinai to This Day: Hermann Cohen's and Franz Rosenzweig's Recasting of the Giving of the Torah

Abstract: The giving of the Torah at Sinai is the cornerstone of Jewish faith in divine revelation. Yet the account in the book of Exodus (19–20) is riddled with questionable descriptions that have puzzled commentators and exegetes from early midrash onward. In the early twentieth century, Hermann Cohen (1842–1918) and Franz Rosenzweig (1886–1929) attempted to reconcile the advent of modern philosophy with the bequeathal of Jewish tradition. From their viewpoint, Ex 19–20 raised epistemological difficulties and was fraught with questionable ontological assertions. Yet, since revelation, premised on its classic Jewish formulations, was central to the thought of Cohen and Rosenzweig alike, Sinai could neither be ignored nor silenced; it had to be accommodated. This essay traces the interpretive strategies Cohen and Rosenzweig employed to construct philosophical conceptions of revelation grounded in biblical prooftexts. A close reading of Cohen's The Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism and Rosenzweig's The Star of Redemption shows that by choosing alternative biblical prooftexts (Cohen: Deuteronomy; Rosenzweig: Song of Songs), they endorsed the historical impact of Sinai on the Jewish idea of revelation without accepting it as a historically verifiable event. The essay suggests that the reliance of the two philosophers on rabbinic literature to complete their interpretive strategies is the most subtle and illuminating aspect of their reception of Sinaitic revelation.

The Battle with Amalek (Exod. 17.8–16): When God Trusts in Man

The battle with Amalek (Exod. 17.8–16) is among the most enigmatic stories in the book of Exodus. Commentators have particularly struggled to understand the meaning of the iconic scene at its heart: Moses raising and lowering his hand(s) (holding God’s staff?). In this essay, I argue that the scene should be envisioned differently from how most commentators have imagined it. A literary analysis of Exod. 17.8–13 shows that Moses raises the staff horizontally using both hands, which are in turn supported by Aaron and Hur’s hands. This portrayal is further reinforced in light of evidence from Egyptian iconography. The proposed understanding of the scene entails a reinterpretation of the story: it is not about using the staff but about supporting it. This conclusion has unusual theological implications, which are further sharpened in light of the role our story plays within the broader wilderness narrative.

Old Testament Theology

Old Testament Theology Fred W. Guyette, Thomas Hieke, Christopher T. Begg, Martin Nitsche, and Richard A. Taylor 988. [OT Theology] W. H. Bellinger, Jr., Introducing Old Testament Theology: Creation, Covenant, and Prophecy in the Divine-Human Relationship (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2022). Pp. xv + 200. $24.99. ISBN 9781540961471. "The comprehensive designs of Walther Eichrodt and Gerhard von Rad are now found wanting and we must now find a new shape for Old Testament Theology," so wrote Walter Brueggemann in a 1985 CBQ article entitled "A Shape for Old Testament Theology." [End Page 357] B. believes that we can discern such a "shape," which he summarizes this way: Divine revelation and human response, as expressed in creation, covenant, and prophecy. Each of these three theological elements suggests a portrayal of God and invites a human response to God. Where, then, is the best place to begin our search for this pattern? Answer: Let's begin with the Psalms and the theme of deliverance: "They cried to the Lord in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress" (Ps 107:6). This leads into a second affirmation: God blesses. "May the Lord, maker of heaven and earth, bless you from Zion" (Ps 134:3). B.'s third theme for an OT Theology is: God speaks, which finds expression in the words of Ps 24:3: "Who shall ascend the hill of the Lord? Those who have clean hands and pure hearts." A theology of creation and blessing is implied in Genesis 1 and 2. God's act of delivering Israel from bondage leads to covenant-making in the Book of Exodus. And after we have forsaken God's ways, he calls us back to obedience through the words of the prophets. After our abject moral failures, who better than the prophet Hosea to offer us a better paradigm for renewing our faithfulness and loyalty to God? See also B.'s essay "Portraits of Faith: The Scope of Theology in the Psalms," An Introduction to Wisdom Literature and the Psalms (Mercer University Press, 2000) 111-28.—F.W.G. 989. [OT and NT Perspectives on Death and Resurrection] Paul Deselaers and Robert Vorholt, Tod und Auferstehung: Perspektiven des Alten und Neuen Testaments (Neue Echter Bibel – Themen 13; Würzburg: Echter, 2020). Pp. 160. Paper €16.90. ISBN 978-3-429-05535-6. The series aims at an interdisciplinary dialogue of Hebrew Bible/OT and NT studies. The topic "death and resurrection" is an important field of biblical theology. D. presents the many faces of death in the Hebrew Bible/OT and the biblical "yes" to life despite inevitable death. He treats the Primeval History (Genesis 1–9) as well as the literary struggle about the fate of the dead in narrative and poetic texts ("dying at a ripe old age, grown old after a full life; and being gathered to one's people"; Sheol; suicide and wishing to die; murder; illness; etc.). He also addresses the discussion about death in wisdom literature. Finally, D. examines the Psalms and other OT materials which occasionally hint at a salvation from death or to a hope for resurrection. V. presents the NT's message about the resurrection of Jesus in the Gospels. A brief section summarizes major findings and brings both parts of the Christian Bible into dialogue with each other.—T.H. 990. [Typology] James M. Hamilton, Jr. Typology – Understanding the Bible's Promise-Shaped Patterns: How Old Testament Expectations Are Fulfilled in Christ (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic, 2022). Pp. xxiii + 405. $29.99. ISBN 978-0310534402. As Basil of Caesarea says in his treatise On the Holy Spirit, "Typology points out what is to be expected." Following Basil's lead, H. explores several of the "promise-shaped patterns" found in the OT. The children of Israel were liberated from political bondage in the Exodus, while the "New Exodus" points toward a deeper spiritual reality: an exodus from sin. What God promised in the OT comes to fruition in the NT. Consider the difference Paul describes in Romans between the Old Adam and New Adam. The offices of Prophet, Priest, and King—these were...

„Hoc quidem iuris est” (Coll. 5.2.1.)

The Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum, or “Collation of the Laws of Moses and the Romans”, is one of the most perplexing works of late antiquity: a law book compiled in the fourth or fifth century – the date of the work is still a matter of controversy – by an anonymous editor who wanted to show the similarity between laws of Moses and the Roman laws. Citing first laws from the Pentateuchus – especially from the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy which he believed were written by Moses – the anonymous Collator then compared corresponding passages from Roman jurists and from Roman laws to form discussions on sixteen topics such as homicide, adultery, homosexuality, incest, and cruelty towards slaves. While earlier scholars wrestled with dating the Collatio, the religious identity of the Collator, and the purpose of the work, this paper suggests that the Collator may have been a Jew writing in Rome in an attempt to draw pagan lawyers to seeing the connections between the highly esteemed and very ancient laws of Moses, the famous legislator of the Jews whom he called as a priest, and the laws of classical Roman jurists, such as Paulus, Ulpianus, Modestinus, and Papinianus.

Heroic Illusions of Nature in Revolt: Luxemburgian Ecosocialism between William Morris and the Book of Exodus

ABSTRACT Historians have long demarcated between the public, political, and economic writings of revolutionary socialist Rosa Luxemburg and her personal affinity for plants and animals. This article, however, discovers and articulates a Luxemburgian ecosocialism across her work. This paper argues that Luxemburg interpreted nature as possessing its own order that resists the imposition of capitalist and imperialist (dis)orders. Luxemburgian ecosocialism, therefore, lies between the appreciation of beauty one finds in the Marxism of William Morris and the active participation of nature in the historic revolt against imperialism one finds in the Book of Exodus. According to Luxemburgian ecosocialism, that which unites Luxemburg's letters and Herbarium to her Die Akkumulation des Kapitels is a confidence that empires overextend themselves in their exploitation of human beings and nature, and that the natural order accordingly fights back. Beyond Luxemburg, this paper emphasizes the importance of fiction and illusion for ecosocialist storytelling, and argues for an ecosocialist vision that takes as its starting point not the elitism of aesthetic preference but radical forms of solidarity with suffering creation.

Intertestamental, Apocrypha, NT Use: Other Writings/Traditions

Intertestamental, Apocrypha, NT UseOther Writings/Traditions Brian J. Meldrum, Christopher T. Begg, Thomas Hieke, Richard A. Taylor, and David A. Bosworth 2411. [The Book of Exodus in Philo] Sean A. Adams, "The Book of Exodus in Philo of Alexandria," The Reception of Exodus Motifs, 183-98 [see #2501]. A. explores Exodus motifs in the writings of Philo. Exodus is the second most referenced scriptural book (after Genesis) in the Philonic corpus, although this focus on Exodus is not evenly distributed across all of Philo's works, and he engages with the Exodus text in a variety of ways. A. offers a succinct overview of the material in question, and then selects two major aspects of this for more detailed investigation. First, he considers several Exodus passages which are employed by Philo in multiple treatises and so can be assumed to have had particular significance for him (e.g., Exod 3:14; 7:1). Second, he examines how specific Exodus passages are interpreted by Philo in his Allegorical Commentary. A. draws out from his study some important conclusions about Philo's general exegetical method, especially his utilization of the intertextuality between Exodus and Genesis and other scriptural writings. [Adapted from book's introduction—B.J.M.] 2412. [Stelae Traditions in Second Temple Judaism and Their Legacy in Byzantium] William Adler, "Translatio studii: Stelae Traditions in Second Temple Judaism and Their Legacy in Byzantium," Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments, 380-401 [see #2488]. In his essay, A. takes as his point of departure two Jewish sources featuring the motif of the primordial stelae: Flavius Josephus's Antiquities and the Book of Jubilees. From this basis, he proceeds to trace the intricate pathway of the stelae motif in the writings of various Byzantine chronographers. Mirroring the earlier ambivalence of the Jewish traditions regarding the stelae, the chronographers vacillate between attributing positive or negative valences to the supposedly angelic knowledge carved on the stelae. Curiously, as A. further points out, these chronographers themselves lived in Anatolia, which raises an intriguing question: did these authors reflect upon the extant Anatolian rock-cut reliefs and inscriptions around them in their efforts to reconstruct the traditions of the primordial stelae? See also ##1782, 2472. [Adapted from editors' preface, p. x—C.T.B.] 2413. [The Fulfillment of Zech 12:10 in the Gospel of John] Eduardo Emilio Agüero, "'Mirarán al que traspasaron': El cumplimiento de Za 12:10 en el evangelio de Juan," RevistB 83 (3-4, 2021) 467-516. The Fourth Gospel exhibits a dynamism in which the identity of Jesus is gradually revealed in a dramatic way that is oriented toward the moment of "his hour." This hour arrives when Jesus is nailed to the cross, and just before the moment of the crucifixion, the evangelist quotes (a portion of) Zech 12:10, i.e., the phrase "they will look upon him whom they have pieced" as being fulfilled at this juncture. The themes and motifs of Zechariah's book are echoed and amplified in John's Gospel and contribute to the revelation of the divine and messianic identity of Jesus, king and priest of the new covenant, and his sanctifying impact on those who believe in him. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] [End Page 893] 2414. [Paul and the Exodus Tradition] David M. Allen, "Paul's Uses of Exodus: Appealing to the Wilderness Experience," The Reception of Exodus Motifs, 287-308 [see #2501]. A.'s chapter explores the major uses of Exodus material in Paul's letters, especially those directed to Rome and Corinth. A. analyzes the formal citations in Rom 9:15-17, the explicit comparison Paul develops between the wilderness generation, and the situation of his Corinthian audience (1 Corinthians 10), the reference to the imagery of the Paschal lamb in 1 Corinthians 5, and the theme of Moses's veiling his face in 2 Cor 3:7-18 (cf. Exodus 32–34). This investigation enables A. to draw out some important methodological reflections about how Paul re-appropriates the above traditions, and where his doing this situates him in relation to his contemporary exegetical context. [Adapted...

VOLUME 52 (2022)

VOLUME 52 (2022)

The Invisible Church: C. P. E. Bach, Die Israeliten in der Wüste ‒ A Freemasonic Oratorio?

Abstract The miracle narrative of the first oratorio by C. P. E. Bach – the escape of the people of Israel from the thirst death by Moses – comes from the Book of Exodus. In the course of the second part of the work, however, the figure of Moses is unexpectedly taken over by the Redeemer. The place turns out to be a paraphrase of Genesis 3:15. In the context of the German Enlightenment the biblical story can be interpreted as a reference to the assimilation process of the Jewish community. The composed libretto includes an interpolation, which speaks about the real advent of the Messiah, thus placing the work among the representatives of the messianic-cult of the Enlightenment. The interpolated text section focuses on the religion above religions as imagined by the latitudinarianism of the leading philosophers of the Enlightenment and testifies to the Masonic spirit in it. The text of the final chorus re-interprets the church dedication (the original function of Bach’s oratorio) as the dedication of the invisible Church: the soul.

Compound Words in the Septuagint Version of the Book of Exodus and Their Slavonic Correspondences

The first part of the paper examines the compound words (CWs) in the Greek text of the Book of Exodus. As a whole they are not typical for the text of this biblical book. Some of the CWs have a high frequency of use and are attested in the classical Greek. Others are typical only for the biblical and related literature, and they are rare words with terminological meaning, probably originating directly in the process of translating the Pentateuch and related to its specific content. The second part examines the relationship between the Greek CWs in the Book of Exodus and their Old Bulgarian correspondences. The Greek CWs can be rendered with CWs, a combination of words, simple words (most often), as well as remain untranslated. In addition, a comparison is made with the translation decisions in other Old Bulgarian writings as well as in the Church Slavonic text of the Book of Exodus. Some of the Slavonic equivalents have been established in the Cyrillo-Methodian translations. In most cases, however, when translating the Greek CWs the Old Bulgarian writer chooses words that are not typical for the first Slavonic translations. It seems that he avoided the use of CWs and sought a simpler style. Comparisons with other texts in which the Greek CWs we are interested in have been translated with CWs lead to such a conclusion. It can be said that the Old Bulgarian translator shows an admirable skill in transmitting the Greek CWs. In general, he seeks to use the resources of the language rather than creating new words. The latter is especially clear when the CWs in the Septuagint are neologisms.

Emblematic Tabernacles in John Donne, John Milton, and the Antwerp Polyglot Bible

The tabernacle became an early modern European emblem in the works of John Donne, John Milton, and the Antwerp Polyglot Bible (1568–1573). An emblem had long been understood as a mosaic artwork rather than the word-and-image genre it came to be in Renaissance emblem books. The emblematic tabernacles are mosaic: they are inlaid, three-dimensional, objets d’art that express the ongoing Divine Presence in the post-Tridentine world of their makers. The centerpiece of my essay is a substantial analysis of the Antwerp Polyglot Bible’s emblematic tabernacle, which was based in a Christian Hebraist interpretation of the tabernacle in the Book of Exodus and inflected by the emblematic mindsets of its creators. This Bible includes a neo-Latin treatise on the tabernacle and an engraving of it: both are crucial for understanding its tabernacle-as-emblem as well as understanding Donne’s and Milton’s. All their emblematic tabernacles engage the transmission of the Divine Presence from Mount Sinai, through the Word-Made-Flesh in Christ, to the doctrinal controversies in their own post-Tridentine Europe. All figure Scripture or scriptural exegesis. And all resonate with the biblical tabernacle and reverberate with issues of sacred philology important to Christian humanists, both Roman Catholic and Protestant. [T.G.]

Sikap Menghormati Orang Tua Melalui Refleksi Keluaran 20:12 Demi Terwujudnya Kesejahteraan Lansia

Honoring one's parents is the fifth of the ten commandments of God found in the book of Exodus. Over time, the attitude of respect for parents has decreased which is quite alarming. This is marked by the emergence of phenomena and cases that occur in neglected elderly and do not receive adequate services by their families and relatives around them. This study aims to provide an understanding and implications of the text output 20:12 so that readers have more respect for the elderly in the family and community environment. The method used is qualitative with a literature study approach related to the attitude of respect for the elderly contained in Exodus 20:12 to explain how to respect parents, especially the elderly. The results obtained are that Exodus 20:12 reflects the true respect for the elderly where it can be a guide for the welfare of the elderly in Indonesia, especially the Christian elderly. This respect is realized through the understanding that children as part of the family are not only supportive as a support system from the physical side but also spiritually.

MAKNA MUJIZAT DALAM KITAB KELUARAN

Miracles are a phenomenon often found when reading the Bible. Miracles are also known as a form of the power of God shown through His chosen people. But in the supernatural event, there is a meaning contained. The book of Exodus is a book that tells a lot about miracles. Therefore, the question in this study is what do miracles mean in Exodus? Writing this scientific paper aims to explain the meaning of miracles in the book of Exodus. The authors used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The data is obtained from various sources such as Bible commentary books, journal articles, and encyclopedia books. The result of the discussion in this study is the miracle of revealing the glory of God, deepening the knowledge of God, and miracles are interpreted as events that can foster the fear of God.

Laws of the Book of Exodus through the Lenses of the Reader of the Ostrog Bible (after copy Kyr.4476p from the collections of Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine)

The copy of the Ostrog Bible from the collections of Vernadsky National library of Ukraine (Kyr.4476p) contains a significant number of handwritten marginalia, representing an attempt of one of its readers to comment and translate biblical concepts from the Old Church Slavonic into the prosta mova. Especially interesting are his notes on the so-called Laws from the Book of Exodus with interpretations of legal formulas.Its owner was Ioanykii Seniutovych, abbot of St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery (mentioned in 1710, 1713) and Archimandrite of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (1715–1729). Though the intellectual heritage of this Kyiv hierarch has not attracted the attention of scholars so far, a collection of books he left behind, most of which are commentaries on the Holy Scriptures, is known. Lesser known is the fact that Seniutovych himself or someone from the persons close to him elaborated his copy of Ostrog Bible so that each page contained various traces of his (their) thoughtful reading. Systematic comparison of Cyrillic and much more rare Latin notes on the margins with the 16th century Catholic and Protestant editions of the Bible have brought an unexpected find. While on the whole the parallels have revealed the heavy impact of the Polish biblical translations, the main source for Ostrog Bible reader and commentator came to be the Krakow 1599 year edition of Jakub Wujek, which demonstrates literal coincidences of the texts. It seems that our reader has undertaken the difficult task of juxtaposing the Old Church Slavonic translation from the Greek Septuagint with the Polish translation from the Latin Vulgate. On the way of analyzing the texts he made both mistakes and correct conclusions regarding biblical semantics. Thus, the case study of just one fragment of this extremely interesting copy involves a lot of issues concerning the understanding of the Holy Scripture in Kyiv in the late 17th-18th centuries.

The Invention of Religion: Faith and Covenant in the Book of Exodus. By JanAssmann; translated by Robert Savage. Pp xviii, 392, Princeton/Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2018, $35.00.

The Heythrop JournalVolume 62, Issue 2 p. 369-370 Book Review The Invention of Religion: Faith and Covenant in the Book of Exodus. By Assmann, Jan; translated by Robert Savage. Pp xviii, 392, Princeton/Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2018, $35.00. Patrick Madigan, Patrick Madigan Campion Hall, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author Patrick Madigan, Patrick Madigan Campion Hall, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.13849Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume62, Issue2Special Issue: Classical CultureMarch 2021Pages 369-370 RelatedInformation