Bone Thickness In Patients Research Articles

Thinner femoral cortical thickness in patients with destructive rheumatoid arthritis of the knee

BackgroundThe examination of femoral cortical bone thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been notably limited in prior research. We aimed to compare femoral cortical thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls and to investigate the association between femoral cortical thickness and clinical parameters within the RA group.MethodsForty-four patients (58 limbs) with RA who underwent total knee arthroplasty were enrolled. Preoperative computed tomography images of the lower limbs were analyzed. The femoral cortex was divided into the proximal, central, and distal diaphysis regions and further into the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral regions. The divisions were measured using Stradwin® software and standardized by femoral length. Femoral cortical thickness was compared between RA and healthy control (n = 25) groups. Correlation analyses between standardized cortical thickness and disease parameters were performed in the RA group.ResultsThe RA group had significantly lower standardized femoral cortical thickness at the anterior and medial distal diaphysis than healthy controls. Standardized proximal lateral and central lateral in the RA group were significantly larger than those in the healthy control groups. Standardized femoral cortical thickness was significantly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) in 11 areas, except the posterior central diaphysis, and with body mass index in 8 areas, except the central posterior, distal lateral, distal anterior, and distal medial diaphysis.ConclusionsFemoral cortical thinning was noted in patients with RA complicated with destructive knee, particularly at the anterior and medial distal diaphysis. Femoral cortical thickness was significantly correlated with BMD and body mass index (BMI); thus, patients with RA and low BMD and BMI should be cared for to prevent fragility fractures.

Symphysis morphology and mandibular alveolar bone thickness in patients with β-thalassemia major and different growth patterns

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study aimed to assess the morphology of symphysis and alveolar bone thickness (ABT) surrounding mandibular incisors in thalassemic patients, as compared to unaffected individuals. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on lateral cephalograms of 60 thalassemic and 60 unaffected patients with Class II malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment at Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sample was divided into three subgroups including hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent, according to the Jarabak index. Symphysis dimensions and alveolar bone thickness surrounding mandibular incisors were measured using AutoCad software. Finally, the correlation between alveolar bone thickness and symphysis morphology was assessed. Results: In general, chin dimensions and bone thickness at different levels of mandibular incisor roots (cervical, middle, apical) were smaller in thalassemic adolescents than controls. Concerning the total sample as well as the normodivergent subgroup, significantly lower values were observed in thalassemic patients for symphysis width, total ABT at the cervical, and lingual ABT at the apical root area compared to controls (p < 0.05). The hypodivergent growth pattern was not associated with any statistical differences between the groups (p> 0.05). In both thalassemic and control subjects, symphysis width showed a weak to moderate positive correlation with ABT of lower incisors (p< 0.05), whereas symphysis height showed a moderate positive correlation with cervical ABT in only ß‐thalassemia patients (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to controls, ß-thalassemia patients showed thinner alveolar bone at different levels of lower incisor roots and smaller symphysis dimensions. There were significant correlations between symphysis dimensions and alveolar bone thickness of mandibular incisors in the sample.

Изменение торка фронтальных зубов с оценкой толщины костной ткани на конусно-лучевом компьютерном томографе

Changing the vestibulo-oral inclination (torque) of the frontal teeth is an important component of orthodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography is recommended as an accurate diagnostic tool allowing the orthodontist to estimate the safety of frontal tooth movement and inclination. This tool is helpful in measuring bone thickness at different levels of the tooth root and estimating incisal inclination and position. The aim of our study was to analyze bone thickness in patients with pathologically and normally inclined teeth using CT images and to create a universal table that will provide useful information about the thickness of the bone around different segment of the root required for a safe change in tooth inclination. Using the proposed table, the orthodontist can assess the feasibility of the planned tooth movement in the setting of changed tooth inclination, with due account of critical bone deficit regions. This will ensure the safety of tooth movement, stable retention and a positive treatment outcome.

Cone beam computed tomographic comparison of infrazygomatic crest bone thickness in patients with different facial types

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate cortical bone thickness in the infra zygomatic crest region for subjects with low, normal and high angle facial patterns by bone mapping using cone beam computed tomography. Material and methods The study was conducted using CBCT images of 33 subjects, who were assigned to low-, normal- or high-angle groups. Cortical bone thickness was measured from the cementoenamel junction towards the maxillary sinus floor at heights of 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm along the mesial aspect of upper first molar, middle of the crown through the furcation area of the maxillary first molar, inter radicular bone/interdental region between the maxillary first and second molars, middle of the crown through the furcation area of the maxillary second molar and distal of the maxillary second molar. Results Low angle patients had significantly higher values of bone thickness compared to normal and high-angle patients between the first and second molars at a height of 12 mm and distal to second molars at a height of 14 mm. Conclusion The ideal site for insertion of temporary anchorage devices in the infrazygomatic crest region lies between the maxillary first and second molars at a height of 12 mm in all facial types. To avoid the risk of trauma or mini-implant failure, clinicians should be aware of the probability of thinner cortical bone in high angle patients as compared to normal and low angle patients.

Evaluation of Vestibular Bone Thickness in Class I Malocclusion Treatment With Corticotomy-Assisted Rapid Orthodontics.

Corticotomy-assisted rapid orthodontics is a widely used method for speeding up conventional orthodontics. This study (i) evaluates the effects of corticotomy alone, corticotomy combined with bone graft, and corticotomy with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on vestibular alveolar bone thickness in patients with class I malocclusion; (ii) compares the treatment time with a conventional orthodontic therapy group, and (iii) investigates the periodontal health of patients who have undergone corticotomy-assisted rapid orthodontics. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 10) underwent corticotomy alone; Group 2 (n = 10) underwent corticotomy combined with bone graft, and Group 3 (n = 10) underwent corticotomy combined with PRF. In the following stage, vestibular alveolar bone thicknesses were evaluated using 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography images. The findings showed that Group 2 achieved a more significant augmentation of the vestibular alveolar bone than Groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.001, P = 0.003), while corticotomy-assisted rapid orthodontics decreased treatment times. Sufficient alveolar bone thickness and preservation of the periodontal health were achieved when the corticotomy procedure was either combined with a bone graft or with PRF in the Class-I malocclusion patients. Bone grafts provided better bone thickness at the buccal surface of the anterior teeth of the mandible and maxilla, whereas the thickness of the keratinized gingiva was better with PRF.

Quantitative evaluation of palatal bone thickness in patients with normal and open vertical skeletal configurations using cone-beam computed tomography.

PurposeTo perform a comparative analysis of the palatal bone thickness in Thai patients exhibiting class I malocclusion according to whether they exhibited a normal or open vertical skeletal configuration using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsThirty CBCT images of Thai orthodontic patients (15–30 years of age) exhibiting class I malocclusion with a normal or open vertical skeletal configuration were selected. Palatal bone thickness was measured in a 3.0-mm grid pattern on both the right and left sides. The palatal bone thickness of the normal-bite and open-bite groups was compared using the independent t-test. The level of significance was established at P<.05.ResultsThe palatal bone thickness in the normal-bite group ranged from 2.2±1.0 mm to 12.6±4.1 mm. The palatal bone thickness in the open-bite group ranged from 1.9±1.1 mm to 13.2±2.3 mm. The palatal bone thickness was lower at almost all sites in patients with open bite than in those with normal bite. Significant differences were found at almost all anteroposterior sites along the 3 most medial sections (3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane) (P<.05).ConclusionClass I malocclusion with open vertical skeletal configuration may affect palatal bone thickness, so the placement of temporary anchorage devices or miniscrew implants in the palatal area in such patients should be performed with caution.

Pediatric Calvarial Bone Thickness in Patients With and Without Aural Atresia.

To compare temporal bone thickness along a three-dimensional arc of potential osseointegrated implant sites for bone-anchored hearing aids in children with and without aural atresia using computed tomographic imaging (CT). Retrospective case review. Tertiary children's hospital. Children with or without aural atresia aged less than 11 years who had a temporal bone CT. Calvarial bone volume on CT was rendered in three-dimensional and thickness was reconstructed and measured at up to 12 defined sites along an arc of recommended implant sites. Determining whether a majority of observed potential implant sites have 2, 3, or 4 mm of bone thickness while controlling for age differences and atresia status. A total of 40 atretic (from 34 patients) and 34 control (from 34 patients) temporal bones were compared using CT. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that diagnosis did not have a statistically significant effect on whether patients reached thresholds of 2, 3, or 4 mm at most observed sites (p = 0.781, 0.773, and 0.529, respectively) when adjusting for age. For all children measured, 93% had >50% of measured points greater than or equal to 2 mm thick. Most children had greater than 2 mm of temporal bone thickness at >50% of the sites measured regardless of age or atresia diagnosis. The likelihood of reaching 4 mm of thickness at most sites improves with age. In unilateral patients, there was not a significant difference in thickness between affected and unaffected sides. There was also no significant difference in thickness when comparing patients with atresia to those without.

Effects of Primary Alveolar Grafting on Alveolar Bone Thickness in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

The purpose of this study was to compare alveolar bone thickness around the teeth adjacent to the cleft using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who underwent primary alveolar grafting (PAG) as compared with CLP waiting for secondary alveolar grafting (SAG) and to determine the associations with other factors such as the patient's age, sex, and type of cleft. CBCTs of 39 CLP patients were divided into either group 1 (PAG, N = 11) or group 2 (SAG, N = 28). Measurements of bone thickness around the closest tooth to the cleft were performed on the axial sections on each subject's CBCT at 3, 6, and 9 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction along the root length. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate intrarater reliability. Bone measurements with 95% confidence intervals for the mean were estimated using analysis of variance models with a random patient effect to account for correlation among multiple measurements within a patient. Similar models were used to test the associations of age, sex, and type of the graft with the bone measurements. No statistically significant associations of the factors were found with mesial or distal bone measurements. Buccal bone thickness was significantly greater only at 9 mm in the primary bone graft subjects compared with secondary bone graft subjects (P = 0.009). Unilateral cleft subjects showed significantly greater buccal bone thickness at the level of 9 mm compared with bilateral cleft subjects (P = 0.046) and lingual bone thickness at the level of 6 mm (P = 0.0026) and 9 mm (P = 0.0096). In conclusion, PAG does not add benefits to the bone width on the cleft sides of the closest teeth to the cleft as compared with children with CLP who have not undergone alveolar grafts yet.

Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in subjects with Class III dentofacial deformities.

The purposes of this study were to identify buccolingual inclinations and alveolar bone thickness in patients with Class III dentofacial deformities and to compare these measurements with those from subjects with normal occlusions to verify, based on the correlation between these 2 variables, whether the natural process of bone remodeling provides uniformity of bone thickness or whether it varies around the roots due to tooth inclination. The sample consisted of 35 adults with normal occlusions and 35 adults with Class III dentofacial deformities with no previous orthodontic treatment. Buccolingual inclinations and alveolar bone thickness were measured at 3 heights from the cementoenamel junction from 3-dimensional images generated by cone-beam computed tomography. The region corresponding to the maxillary canines appeared to be thinner, and the palatal area of the maxillary central incisors and the distobuccal region of the mandibular secondmolars appeared to be thicker. Greater tooth inclinations were observed in the maxillary incisors and mandibular canines, and smaller tooth inclinations were observed on the buccal roots of the mandibular secondmolars. In subjects with Class III deformities, more statistically significant correlations were found between inclination and thickness in the mandibular teeth, whereas in subjects with normal occlusion, few statistically significant correlations were found between these 2 variables.

Assessment of Dental Arch Changes and Buccal Bone Thickness in Patients treated with Self-ligating Brackets.

To evaluate changes in transverse dimensions of upper arch and thickness of the buccal bone plate in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment during the leveling phase. Sixteen patients aged between 11 and 30 years, presenting with class I and II malocclusion, with minimum of 2 mm crowding treated without extraction, were divided into two groups: GI (n = 8), self-ligating brackets (Easyclip Aditek), and GII (n = 8), conventional preadjusted brackets (3M Unitek). The intercanines, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were measured in dental casts using a digital caliper, before (T1) and after 6 months of treatment (T2). Measurements of the thickness of the bone plate were performed by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and Dolphin three-dimensional program. Paired and nonpaired t tests were applied to analyze the results in and between the groups for the changes in the transversal arch dimensions and buccal bone thickness. In all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5%. A nonsignificant increase in transverse dimensions and a slight reduction on thickness of the buccal bone plate were observed in both groups. The dimensional changes of transverse and thickness of the bone plate during the initial phase of treatment were similar, regardless of the bracket design. It should be noted that the bracket design does not influence the treatment course regarding transversal dimensions and buccal bone thickness.

Computed Tomographic Scanning Measurement of Skull Bone Thickness in Patients with Chronic Tension Type Headache; Case Control Study

Computed Tomographic Scanning Measurement of Skull Bone Thickness in Patients with Chronic Tension Type Headache; Case Control Study