Bone Regeneration Research Articles

Advances in mechanotransduction signaling pathways in distraction osteogenesis

To review the role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical treatment. The role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis were summarized by extensive review of relevant literature at home and abroad. The mechanotransduction signaling pathway plays a central role of "sensation-transformation-execution" in distraction osteogenesis, and activates a series of molecular mechanisms to promote the regeneration and remodeling of bone tissue by integrating external mechanical signals. Mechanical stimuli are converted into mechanotransduction signals through the perception of integrins, Piezo1 ion channels and bone cell networks. Activate downstream molecules are transduce through signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein-Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase Hippo-Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B, so as to achieve the effects of promoting osteoblasts proliferation, accelerating endochondral ossification, regulating bone resorption and the like, thereby promoting the regeneration of new bone in the distraction area. The study of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in distraction osteogenesis is expected to optimize the mechanical parameters of distraction osteogenesis and provide targeted intervention strategies for accelerating new bone regeneration and mineralization in the distraction zone. However, the specific mechanism of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis remains to be further elucidated, and artificial intelligence and multi-omics analysis may be the future development direction of mechanotransduction signaling pathway. In distraction osteogenesis, mechanotransduction signal transduction is the core mechanism of bone regeneration in the distraction zone, which regulates cell behavior and tissue regeneration by converting mechanical stimulation into biochemical signals.

New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

• To systematically determine the effectiveness of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) as bone substitute materials (BSM) compared to other BSMs for new bone formation in dental implant treatment through a network meta-analysis (NMA). • Following PRISMA-NMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on lateral sinus augmentation and dental implants comparing BCP with other BSMs for histomorphometric new bone formation were included. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase (up to November 2024), with quality assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB2.0) tool. Analysis included direct and network meta-analyses using a random-effects model, with SUCRA scores determining treatment rankings. The PROSPERO registration number was CRD42024607526. • Of 268 studies, 11 met criteria, covering 283 patients and 362 sinus augmentations using autografts (AB), allografts (AL), beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP), BCP, and xenografts (Xeno). NMA showed AB resulted in 12.33% more new bone formation than BCP (95% CI: 10.74, 13.93), with AL showing 5.14% more (95% CI: 3.33, 6.95). Xeno showed 4.14% less bone formation than BCP (95% CI: -6.38, -1.90). AB ranked highest for new bone formation, followed by AL, BCP, TCP, and Xeno. Residual graft material was highest in Xeno (6.21%; 95% CI: 2.81, 9.61). • BCP demonstrated sufficient new bone formation, outperforming xenografts in both bone formation and residual graft material. While autografts and allografts exhibited superior bone regeneration, BCP remains an effective option for bone augmentation treatments.

Three-Dimensional-Printed Ordered Bredigite Scaffolds with Dual Bioactivities Promote Osteochondral Regeneration.

Osteochondral tissues have limited self-healing abilities, making it challenging to achieve complete healing following injury. Osteochondral defects present significant clinical challenges. Bredigite (BRT, Ca7MgSi4O16) bioceramic scaffolds exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity, making them promising candidates for osteochondral repair and regeneration. Herein, a BRT bioceramic was fabricated into structurally ordered scaffolds (BRT-O) and random morphology scaffolds (BRT-R) by using 3D printing techniques, while the tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds that are used in the clinic were fabricated as controls. The physicochemical properties, effects on bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes in vitro, and performance in cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration were evaluated and compared among the three scaffolds. The results showed that the BRT-O scaffolds possessed the highest compressive strength, controllable biodegradability, and ability to regulate the local microenvironment by releasing bioactive ion products and altering the pH. In vitro, BRT-O scaffolds significantly enhanced the migration and osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as the adhesion and maturation of chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that the BRT-O scaffolds promoted the simultaneous and effective regeneration of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone in rabbit osteochondral defect models. In summary, the monophasic BRT-O scaffold demonstrated dual bioactivity, promoting both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, and thus, it holds significant clinical potential for osteochondral defect repair.

Insights into advanced bone implants: optimising biocompatibility and mechanical performance in PEEK-HA composites

ABSTRACT This research explores the impact of hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration on the mechanical properties and bioactivity of polyetheretherketone-hydroxyapatite (PEEK-HA) composites, aimed at optimising these materials for orthopaedic implants. Utilising a combination of experimental approaches and computational modelling, including Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), the study systematically investigates how varying hydroxyapatite content influences the evolving tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and mineral deposition rates. Significant findings indicate that increasing the hydroxyapatite (HA) content from 10% to 40% results in a 16.7% reduction in tensile strength, decreasing from 90 MPa to 75 MPa, and a slight decline in the modulus of elasticity from 3.5 GPa to 3.2 GPa. Despite this reduction in mechanical properties, higher HA concentrations markedly enhance mineral deposition, indicating improved enhanced bioactivity – an essential factor for effective osteointegration. These results suggest that while elevated HA content may modestly compromise stiffness and tensile strength, it offers substantial benefits in applications where enhanced bioactivity and compressive strength are critical. The research confirms the potential of PEEK-HA composites to be tailored for specific biomedical applications, providing a foundation for developing advanced implant materials that offer improved bone replacement and regeneration outcomes.

The use of autologous biomaterials in combination with biocompatible matrices for restoration of bone tissue defects (literature review)

Bone defect repair is an interdisciplinary research field encompassing surgical orthopedics, regenerative medici- ne, tissue engineering, immunology (addressing biocompatibility challenges), materials science and technology (including additive manufacturing, porosity, and mechanical strength), and nanotechnology for developing bio- compatible matrices that enhance bone regeneration. This literature review highlights recent advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on the application of autologous biomaterials in combination with biocompatible matrices to improve bone regeneration outcomes.

EGR1 Promotes Craniofacial Bone Regeneration via Activation of ALPL⁺PDGFD⁺ Periosteal Stem Cells.

Oral and craniofacial bone regeneration remains challenging due to unique anatomical and functional demands. Rodent models have limited translational value because of significant structural differences from humans. The study reveals high similarity in calvarial periosteal cell composition between miniature pigs and humans at single-cell resolution. ALPL+PDGFD+ (AP+) cells are identified as distinct calvarial periosteal stem cells (PeSCs) that possess self-renewal and differentiation potential in both swine and human calvarial periosteum. Postnatally, AP+ PeSCs exhibit reduced activity compared to their embryonic counterparts, with EGR1 recognized as a crucial factor for their activation. Upon activation, these cells effectively facilitate the repair of craniofacial bone injuries. EGR1 regulates PeSCs development by modulating BMP signaling through its Znf2 domain and activating these cells via the CTNNB1/WNT10B pathway through its Znf2/3 domains in response to injury. The validation of the findings using human cranial periosteal samples from various developmental stages (embryonic and adult) further supports the results obtained from large animal experiments, providing a solid scientific foundation for the clinical application of AP+ cranial periosteal stem cells. Additionally, targeting specific EGR1 domains for in situ activation of PeSCs offers a promising strategy for enhancing bone regeneration.

Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Cell Secretomes and Extracellular Vesicles for Craniofacial Regenerative Applications.

Although tissue engineering and cell therapy have been widely investigated as promising regenerative modalities, their clinical translation has partly been limited by a lack of standardization, high costs, and regulatory barriers. Recently, cell-free therapies (CFT) in the form of cell secretomes [conditioned media (CM)] and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as viable alternatives to cell therapies. However, much of the evidence is based on preclinical studies. This scoping review aimed to summarize the current evidence for using human-derived CFT, with a focus on EVs, for craniofacial regeneration. Based on predefined inclusion criteria and a systematic search covering three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science), 122 animal studies (n = 27 CM, n = 95 EVs), and 4 clinical studies (n = 2 CM, n = 2 EVs), mostly reporting on bone and periodontal regeneration, were included. The use of oral-derived CFT, particularly from the periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and gingiva, was frequently reported. A wide range of pre-conditioning strategies, dosages, and delivery methods were tested. The preclinical data revealed a clear adjunctive benefit of CFT with biomaterial scaffolds versus scaffolds alone for bone and periodontal regeneration. Limited clinical data based on small patient groups confirmed the safety and feasibility of CFT, although robust evidence for efficacy is lacking. Finally, several issues related to the clinical translation of CFT have been highlighted for future consideration.

Microtopography-induced changes in cell nucleus morphology enhance bone regeneration by modulating the cellular secretome

Nuclear morphology plays a critical role in regulating gene expression and cell functions. While most research has focused on the direct effects of nuclear morphology on cell fate, its impact on the cell secretome and surrounding cells remains largely unexplored. In this study, we fabricate implants with a micropillar topography using methacrylated poly(octamethylene citrate)/hydroxyapatite (mPOC/HA) composites to investigate how micropillar-induced nuclear deformation influences cell secretome for osteogenesis and cranial bone regeneration. In vitro, cells with deformed nuclei show enhanced secretion of proteins that support extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, which promotes osteogenic differentiation in neighboring mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In a female mouse model with critical-size cranial defects, nuclear-deformed MSCs on micropillar mPOC/HA implants elevate Col1a2 expression, contributing to bone matrix formation, and drive cell differentiation toward osteogenic progenitor cells. These findings indicate that micropillars modulate the secretome of hMSCs, thereby influencing the fate of surrounding cells through matricrine effects.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Distraction Lengthening in Traumatic Hand Amputations.

Background: Fingers are highly susceptible to injuries, leading to functional impairment, particularly in the thumb and index finger. While traditional reconstructive methods exist, they often involve multiple surgeries and complications. Distraction lengthening, a minimally invasive technique, promotes bone and soft tissue regeneration, making it a promising alternative for digital lengthening. This study aims to assess the efficacy and functional results of distraction lengthening in patients with traumatic shortening of digits. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at a tertiary care centre. This study evaluated distraction histogenesis in 11 trauma patients with digital shortening. A unilateral mini external fixator was used for gradual distraction following osteotomy. Distraction began 5-7 days post-surgery at 1 mm/day, with healing monitored via radiographs. Functional recovery, length gained, healing index and patient satisfaction were assessed over a 1-year follow-up. Results: Patients (73% male, aged 16-30) primarily sustained machinery-related injuries. The mean preoperative shortness was 20.4 mm, with an average length gain of 20.2 mm. The mean external fixation and consolidation times were 111.3 and 91.36 days, respectively. The healing index averaged 47.5 days/cm. Functional grip, thumb web space and hand utility improved significantly, with success influenced by stable fixator use, surgical technique and patient adherence. Conclusions: Distraction lengthening is a reliable and effective method, offering functional restoration with minimal invasiveness. Despite prolonged treatment, it preserves sensitivity, prevents stiffness and eliminates the need for bone grafting. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic).

Apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from human dental pulp stem cells facilitate periodontal tissue regeneration

ObjectiveApoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are subcellular structures released during programmed cell death. These vesicles carry rich biological information and regulatory potential, and have demonstrated significance in regulating cell behavior and tissue repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are key to regenerating periodontal tissue, and their osteogenic differentiation ability directly influences the repair and reconstruction of periodontal bone tissue. However, the potential of ApoEVs derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs-ApoEVs) to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of hDPSCs-ApoEVs on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, offering new insights and methods for treating periodontal bone tissue injuries, with important scientific and clinical implications.MethodshDPSCs-ApoEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot. In vitro, hPDLSCs were treated with hDPSCs-ApoEVs to determine whether the vesicles could enter hPDLSCs and to assess the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. In vivo, a rat periodontal bone defect model was established, with local injections of hDPSCs-ApoEVs or PBS administered every other day. After 6 weeks, the maxillae were collected and analyzed using micro-CT and histological staining.ResultsIn vitro, hDPSCs-ApoEVs promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In vivo, treatment with hDPSCs-ApoEVs can enhance the recovery of periodontal bone defects in rats.ConclusionhDPSCs-ApoEVs play a significant role in promoting bone regeneration, suggesting their potential as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.

A costal-cartilage derived stem cell-laden prominin-1-derived peptide collagen hydrogel for angiogenesis and bone regeneration.

A costal-cartilage derived stem cell-laden prominin-1-derived peptide collagen hydrogel for angiogenesis and bone regeneration.

Stability of Augmented Bone and Its Influencing Factors After Simultaneous Guided Bone Regeneration With Implant Placement in the Posterior Mandible: A Retrospective Study.

To analyse the stability of augmented bone and its influencing factors after simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) with implant placement in the posterior mandible. A total of 165 implants in 102 patients were included. General information, peri-implant soft-tissue parameters and complications were recorded. Cone-beam computed tomography images at preoperative (T0), immediate postoperative (T1), post-healing (T2) and the latest follow-up (T3) were collected. Buccal bone width, height, bone distance (BD) and augmented bone volume (ABV) were assessed. Bone augmentation range was classified into inside-contour (IC) group and outside-contour (OC) group based on BD values. Factors influencing the augmented bone volume resorption rate (ABV%) were analysed. During the follow-up period of 12-88 months, the mean ABV% was 47.56% ± 20.29%, predominantly occurring between T1 and T2. The OC group showed higher ABV% compared to the IC group (p < 0.001). BD of the IC and 0-1 mm OC groups was less than 0, while BD of the 1-2 and > 2 mm OC groups was near 0 at T3. Bone augmentation range (p < 0.001), non-contained defects (p = 0.001) and 2-mm healing abutments (p = 0.008) significantly influenced ABV%. Simultaneous GBR with implant placement in the posterior mandible provided predictable volumetric stability of the augmented bone. OC grafts resorbed towards individual phenotypical dimensions, whereas 1-2 mm over-augmentation might optimise contour maintenance. Non-contained defects compromised volumetric stability, while the 2-mm healing abutments enhanced stability compared to cover screws.

Design and structural deformation assessment of three-dimensional printed dental implants by means of finite element analysis.

BackgroundThe increasing demand for dental implants necessitates the exploration of advanced materials and manufacturing techniques. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a viable method for producing custom dental implants, allowing for intricate designs and improved patient-specific fits. This study focuses on the design and structural deformation assessment of 3D-printed dental implants using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). By simulating the mechanical behavior of these implants under realistic loading conditions, we aim to evaluate their performance and predict potential failure points, ultimately enhancing their reliability and longevity in clinical applications.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive design and structural deformation assessment of three-dimensional (3D) printed dental implants using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Specifically, the study aims to: Evaluate stress distribution and deformation patterns in three 3D-printed dental implant designs under simulated physiological loading.Compare the stiffness, strength, and elastic behavior of PEEK and CFR-PEEK under occlusal forces.Identify failure points in implants and bone-implant interfaces by analyzing high stress concentrations.Predict the biomechanical behavior of a novel dental implant by determining its elastic modulus through finite element analysis (FEA).MethodsThree models 3D were designed to understand stress distribution with different structures using PEEK as biomaterial, with 4 test conditions modeled and compared. An occlusal load was applied (230 N at 90˚ and 30˚) on the implants. Isotropic, linear elastic, and homogeneous were considerate as properties of the components.ResultsUnder axial loads, all models stayed within physiological stress limits, while under 30° oblique loading, Model 3 showed the lowest stress, strain, and pressure.ConclusionsFEA results indicate that 3D-printed dental implants, particularly the optimized Model 3, maintain safe stress levels under axial and oblique loads, supporting their potential for immediate loading. However, due to numerical limitations, experimental validation remains necessary to advance implant designs that optimize bone regeneration and material efficiency.

Comprehensive physicochemical evaluation of 3D‐printed medical‐grade poly(lactic acid)‐based composite: Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties

Abstract Achieving a high mineral content has become a key focus in the design and additive manufacturing of 3D‐printed biodegradable composite scaffolds to enhance biodegradation, osteoconductivity, and mechanical performance. However, the effects under simulated physiological conditions, such as temperature and hydration, which are important considerations from an implant design perspective, on these composites are not well understood. In this study, we employed medical‐grade composite filaments consisting of 60% Lactoprene and 40% β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to 3D print scaffolds. We used various analytical techniques to characterize these scaffolds under simulated physiological conditions, including morphological, physicochemical, and thermomechanical analyses. The composite exhibited a glass transition temperature of 28°C, which significantly reduced its mechanical properties under physiological conditions. Interestingly, when gamma irradiation was used for sterilization, the compressive modulus increased by approximately 17 times, reaching 106.5 MPa. The composite also demonstrated notable recovery behavior, particularly in hydrated samples at 37°C, indicating hyperelastic characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of studying the hydration water in high‐ceramic‐content scaffold composites. We provided insights into the molecular interactions between ceramic materials, polymers, and water. This study underscores the necessity of testing composite scaffolds under physiological conditions and supports future research on the degradation behavior and in vivo testing of polymers reinforced with osteogenic fillers for scaffold‐guided bone regeneration.

Preparation and characterization of three-dimensional porous bioelectrets and study on bone repair in osteoporosis.

Preparation and characterization of three-dimensional porous bioelectrets and study on bone repair in osteoporosis.

Metformin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Diabetic Osteoporosis by Regulating Autophagy.

Patients with diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) face significant challenges in bone defect repair and regeneration. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to their accessibility and multi-potency. However, DOP-ASCs exhibit lower capacity for osteogenic differentiation compared to control ASCs (CON-ASCs). In this study, we explored the effects of metformin (Met) on the autophagy and osteogenic capacity of DOP-ASCs. DOP mouse model was established with a high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with streptozotocin injection. After treating DOP-ASCs with Met and 3-methyladenine (3-MA), changes in autophagy levels and osteogenic differentiation capacity were observed by western blot analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and GFP-LC3 fluorescence labeling analysis. DOP-ASCs were cocultured with the Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP), and implanted into the cranial defect area of DOP mice. The mice then received oral Met and intraperitoneal 3-MA injections for 3 months. The implanted BCP was assessed by micro-CT, HE and Masson staining. We observed a significantly reduced autophagic levels and capacity for osteogenic differentiation in DOP-ASCs, as compared to CON-ASCs. Met activated autophagy in DOP-ASCs and improved their osteogenic differentiation capacity. However, in the DOP + Met + 3MA group, both the autophagic level and the osteogenic differentiation capacity were suppressed. The results from the in vitro research and the in vivo outcomes agreed. Moreover, Met dramatically reduced p-PI3K and p-AKT expression. Met improves the osteogenic differentiation capacity by activating autophagy, an effect mediated through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Case Report: Buccal shifted flap with palatal “C” shape ridge split to facilitate the palatal bone augmentation without compromising the buccal vestibular depth: Report on three cases

Due to its dense connective tissue structure, the coronal advancement of the palatal flap is not feasible, making the reconstruction of single-site palatal bone defects particularly challenging. This case report describes the effectiveness and efficacy of an innovative technique combining the buccal shifted flap and palatal “C”-shaped ridge split together during bone augmentation procedures in the posterior maxilla. The described approach not only facilitates obtaining reliable bone regeneration without compromising the vestibular depth, but also surprisingly increases the horizontal contour.

Comparative Evaluation of Porcine-Derived Barrier Membranes for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in a Canine Model

Comparative Evaluation of Porcine-Derived Barrier Membranes for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in a Canine Model

Biocompatibility Study of Silica-Based Magnesium Composites: A Review

Because of their exceptional biodegradability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility, magnesium-based composites have attracted a lot of interest in the biomedical field. This is especially true in the fields of orthopaedics, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Magnesium has limited utility in load-bearing implants and scaffolds due to its quick corrosion in physiological settings. Magnesium alloys are strengthened with silica (SiO2), which improves biocompatibility, decreases corrosion rates, and enhances mechanical qualities, so overcoming these constraints. The biocompatibility of silica-based magnesium composites has not been well reviewed, despite the increasing interest in these materials. This study aims to rectify that. By focusing on how these composites interact with cells, tissues, and the immune system, this review hopes to assess their biocompatibility. It delves into the ways in which biocompatibility is affected by variables such silica concentration, surface changes, degradation behaviour, and composite processing processes. Research on cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, osteogenesis, and tissue integration is particularly covered, as are in vitro and in vivo investigations. The difficulties of improving these composites’ mechanical strength, degradation rates, and stability in biological settings are also discussed in the paper. In contrast to previous reviews that have mostly dealt with the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of magnesium alloys, this one focus entirely on the biocompatibility of silica-based magnesium composites, an area that has received very little attention in the literature. The study goes on to talk about how many methods have been used to determine biocompatibility, such as cytotoxicity testing, gene expression analysis, cell viability experiments, and in vivo research with animals like rabbits and rats. Research on magnesium composites with silica has shown encouraging findings, suggesting that these materials are more biocompatible than pure magnesium and other magnesium alloys. In vitro studies have demonstrated that silica improves bone regeneration, angiogenesis, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and in vivo studies have shown that silica improves tissue integration, reduces inflammation, and increases bone growth at implant sites. Still, there are obstacles to overcome, most notably regulating the rates of magnesium breakdown, which can have undesirable consequences including gas buildup and the early deterioration of mechanical strength. Surface coatings, alloying, and biodegradable polymer usage are some of the strategies being investigated as potential solutions to these problems. Also, a major obstacle is still making sure silica-magnesium composites are stable over the long run. In spite of these challenges, the encouraging results suggest that magnesium composites based on silica have enormous potential as a material for drug delivery systems, bone tissue engineering, and orthopaedic implants. Researchers, biomedical engineers, and clinicians may benefit greatly from this study since it sheds light on the biocompatibility of these materials and helps direct the creation of safer, more effective biomaterials based on magnesium for use in clinical settings. The results will pave the way for further biological applications of these materials, such as medication delivery and bone healing, and will aid in their successful clinical translation. HIGHLIGHTS Investigating Magnesium as a Biodegradable Material. Investigating Role of Silica in Enhancing Magnesium Composites. Investigating Nanoparticles and Their Role in Biocompatibility. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effect of two deproteinized bone graft materials for socket preservation: a clinical and histological study

ObjectiveTo evaluate dimensional changes and new bone formation using two deproteinized bovine bone minerals, NuOss and Bio-Oss, in socket preservation.Materials and methodsEighteen patients (6 males, 12 females; aged 23–45 years) requiring posterior tooth extraction were enrolled. Eighteen extraction sockets were augmented with either NuOss or Bio-Oss and covered with a collagen membrane. After six months, Cone Beam Cephalometry (CBCT) assessed dimensional changes in buccolingual width and buccal bone thickness. Bone core biopsies were obtained during implant placement and decalcified for histomorphologic examination. Statistical analysis compared dimensional changes and histomorphometric parameters between groups.ResultsAll experimental sites healed uneventfully, with complete soft tissue healing within four weeks and successful implant placement. CBCT scans showed comparable, non-significant dimensional reductions. Histomorphologic examination revealed lamellar cortical bone and osteoid trabeculae with partial to optimal integration. NuOss demonstrated significantly higher new bone formation (52.5 ± 2.5%) compared to Bio-Oss (37.5 ± 2.5%; p = 0.0021), with lower residual graft material (27.5 ± 2.5% vs. 42.5 ± 2.5%; p = 0.0018). Bio-Oss grafted cases exhibited more pronounced inflammatory cell infiltration. Soft tissue proportions were similar between groups (NuOss: 22.5 ± 2.5%, Bio-Oss: 17.5 ± 2.5%; p = 0.0892).ConclusionBoth NuOss and Bio-Oss showed positive bone regeneration effects. However, NuOss demonstrated more favorable biocompatibility, with less inflammation and improved bone integration than Bio-Oss.