Bone Density Of Lumbar Vertebrae Research Articles

Hypogonadism as a consequence of craniopharyngioma in female patients: comparison of childhood and adult onset and effects of estrogen replacement therapy.

(1) to compare clinical, biochemical features in female patients with hypoestrogenism due to childhood- and adult-onset CP; (2) to reveal effects of estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with childhood-onset CP. Thirty-seven women that received specific treatment for CP in the period from 1980 to 2019 were recruited: 21 with childhood-onset and 16 with adult-onset CP. Clinical and hormonal characteristics were evaluated. Seventeen-beta-estradiol 2 mg and dydrogesterone 10 mg in sequential regiment was used in 18 childhood-onset cases. Mean follow-up was 31 months. Amenorrheic women with childhood- and adult-onset CP presented with the same complaints except for lack of genital hair and breast hypoplasia, which were common in patients with childhood-onset CP. BMI was lower in childhood-onset CP group, as was the proportion of overweight patients. They had more favorable lipid profile. The levels of estradiol, testosterone and DHEA-S were low and did not differ. Uterine and ovary volumes were reduced in all patients, but the decline was noticeable in the childhood-onset group. Mineral bone density of lumbar vertebrae was diminished in childhood-onset group. Estrogen therapy in these patients led to clinical improvement: increase in BMD in lumbar spine without negative changes in BMI and/or lipid profile. Study showed that women with childhood-onset CP had less negative metabolic changes. However, they have more pronounced breast and uterus hypoplasia and lower BMD in lumbar spine. The estrogen replacement therapy led to clinical improvement and BMD increase in lumbar spine without increase of BMI and/or lipid profile changes.

Investigation and analysis of osteoporosis, falls, and fragility fractures in elderly people in the Beijing area: a study on the bone health status of elderly people ≥ 80years old with life self-care.

The purpose of this study is to investigate prevalence of osteoporosis, falls, and fragility fractures in this population, and analyze related factors, in order to provide a basis for standardized prevention and treatment. From August 2015 to August 2016 in Beijing City, a total of 175 elderly individuals, who were ≥ 80years old and had good self-care ability, were included into this study. The questionnaire, risk of falls, grip force, and walking speed were measured, and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and chair-rising test (CRT) were performed. Compared to women, men have higher rates of smoking, drinking, drinking strong tea, longer outdoor activity time, as well as larger muscle strength and pace, and lower consumption of dairy products, fall risk assessment scale (FRA) score, 25OHD, administration rates of calcium and anti-osteoporosis drugs (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with men, women had higher bone turnover markers (P1NP, β-CTx, and OC) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and lower levels of sex hormones (E2, T) (P < 0.01). The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 24.6%, and this was significantly higher in women than in men (52.5 vs. 9.6%, P < 0.01). Among these subjects, 62.9% had a history of fall after 80years old, and this rate was higher in women than in men (77 vs. 55.3%, P < 0.01). The overall prevalence of fragility fractures was 25.1%, which was higher in women than in men (45.9 vs. 14.0%, P < 0.01). Risk factors included falls after age 80, high FRA score, and reduction in bone density of lumbar vertebrae 1-4, and odds ratio (OR) was 12.195, 1.339, and 0.076, respectively (P < 0.01). Anti-osteoporosis therapy was only performed on a small number of patients with fractures. The prevalences of falls, prior fracture, and low BMD were high among ≥ 80years old and under life self-care in the Beijing area. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to assessment and treatment should be promoted.

Mineral Density Levels in Male and Female Collegiate Cross Country Runners: Is there Reason for Concern?

Introduction: The results of several recent studies have questioned the consequences of high levels of running on bone mineral density (BMD). Elite endurance athletes experience high physiological stress which may negatively impact bone health. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the change in BMD in male and female Division I collegiate runners during a competitive Cross Country (CC) season. Methods: T wenty-three (1 1 male and 12 female) Division I collegiate CC runners (ages 18-22 year) were recruited for this study. Total/regional BMD and body composition was determined using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Caloric intake and running mileage was obtained from self-reported diet and training logs. All measures were performed prior to the start (pre) and immediately following (post) a three month collegiate CC season. Results: Males did not demonstrate any significant changes in body composition from pre-post CC whereas females had a significant increase (2.7 ± 1.7 lbs or 2.1%) in total mass, with non-significant increases in fat free and fat mass. From pre- post CC, males did not have any significant changes in bone density whereas females had a statistically significant decrease in bone density of lumbar vertebrae. While no other changes in total or regional BMD were observed, ~ 50% of the both male and female athletes tested in this study had total BMD lower than the age-based reference value. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a single competitive CC season can result in a decrease in the lumbar spine BMD in female collegiate distance runners. Moreover, this study revealed that a large percentage (~ 50%) of both male and female distance runners had lower than age-adjusted normal BMD level, raising concerns about long-term bone health in these athletes. Verification of these findings in a larger more diverse population of young athletes is warranted to determine the long term consequences of distance running on bone health.

Effect of surface modification of a metal implant by micro-screw threading plus micro-arc oxidation on its biostability in osteoporotic sheep

Objective To observe whether biological performance of a metal implant can be im-proved after its surface has been modified by micro-screw threading plus micro-arc oxidation in osteoporotic sheep. Methods Osteoporosis was induced in 6 adult female sheep by bilateral ovariectomy and con-firmed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and test of bone density of lumbar vertebrae after hormone ad-ministration and low calcium diet for 12 months. After 6 implants were put into the right ilium of each sheep, they were divided into 3 equal groups: group A (untreated), group B (treated by micro-screw threading) and group C (treated by micro-screw threading plus micro-arc oxidation). All the animals were sacrificed at 3 months after implantation. Three of them were randomly chosen as zero point controls, in each of which 6 implants were put into the left ilium and divided into similar 3 treatment groups. Mechanical test, Micro-CT analysis and histological observation were conducted for statistical analysis of the data. Results At 3 months after implantation, the maximal pull-out strength and energy absorption in each experimental group were significantly enhanced compared with each control group (P<0.05). The maximal pull-out strength and energy absorption in group C were significantly better than in groups A and B (P<0.05). Micro-CT recon-struction showed that the bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and bone mineral density in group C were significantly improved compared with groups A and B (P<0.05). Histological observation showed significantly improved rates of new bone formation and bone contact in group C compared with groups A and B (P<0.05). Conclusion Biological performance and stability of a metal implant in osteoporotic sheep can be significantly improved after its surface has been modified by micro-screw threading plus micro-arc oxidation. Key words: Osteoporosis; Osteogenesis; Sheep; Micro-arc oxidation; Surface treatment

Bone size and density measurements in prepubertal children with Turner syndrome prior to growth hormone therapy

Using computed tomography (CT), we found the decreases in bone size of vertebrae and femur, cortical bone area (CBA) of femur and bone density (BD) of vertebrae in prepubertal female with Turner syndrome (TS) compared to those of controls. Bone mineral density results from previous studies utilizing single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with TS are controversial. The present study used CT to assess the differences in cancellous and cortical bone size and BD between prepubertal TS patients prior to growth hormone therapy and historical age and ethnicity-matched female controls. Anthropometrics and CT bone measurements including cross-sectional area (CSA) and BD of lumbar vertebrae and femur and CBA of femur in prepubertal TS females were reviewed and compared with those in controls. Twenty-two prepubertal TS patients had delayed bone age, were shorter and lighter than controls (Ps < 0.001). After adjusting for weight, height and skeletal age, vertebral BD and CBA of the femur were lower in patients than in controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively). However, after additional adjusting for puberty, results were not different from controls. While a positive correlation between vertebral BD and age was noted in controls (r = 0.367, P = 0.092), a significant negative correlation was noted in patients (r = -0.615, P = 0.002). While the decrease in vertebrae and femur sizes of patients with TS appeared to be secondary to their small body size, the decreased BD of vertebrae and CBA of femur were likely secondary to estrogen deficiency.

Effects of soybean isoflavones on expression levels of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand mRNAs in bone tissues of ovariectomized rats

To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavones (SI) on expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) mRNAs in bone tissues of ovariectomized rats, and to discuss the mechanism of soybean isoflavaones in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Thirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operation group, untreated group and SI-treated group. The rats in the last two groups were bilaterally ovariectomized. The bone density of L(3) to L(6) vertebrae was detected after 12-week intervention. Total RNA was extracted from femur head and the expression levels of OPG and OPGL mRNAs were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SI could increase the bone density of lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized rats, up-regulate the expression level of OPG mRNA and down-regulate the ratio of OPGL mRNA/OPG mRNA, but exert no significant effect on the expression of OPGL mRNA. The therapeutic effects of SI on PMO may be related to regulating the expression levels of OPG and OPGL mRNAs, and the ratio of OPGL mRNA/OPG mRNA.

Skeletal effects of estrogen deficiency as induced by an aromatase inhibitor in an aged male rat model

Aromatization of androgens into estrogens may be important for maintenance of the male skeleton. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated the skeletal effects of selective estrogen deficiency as induced by the aromatase inhibitor vorozole (Vor), with or without 17β-estradiol (E 2) administration (1.35 μg/day), in aged (12-month-old) male rats. A baseline group was killed at the start of the experiment (Base). The control group (Control), the group treated with vorozole alone (Vor), the group treated with E 2 alone (E 2), or the group with a combination of both (Vor + E 2) were killed 15 weeks later. Vorozole significantly increased serum testosterone (T) and reduced serum E 2 compared with Control. Body weight gain and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were also lower in Vor, whereas significant weight loss and decrease of serum IGF-I occurred as a result of E 2 administration. Bone formation as assessed by serum osteocalcin was unaffected but osteoid surface in the proximal metaphysis of the tibia was increased in Vor-treated rats. Bone resorption as evaluated by urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was increased in Vor. Biochemical parameters of bone turnover were reduced significantly in all E 2 treated rats. Premature closure of the growth plates and decreased osteoid and mineralizing surfaces were also observed in E 2 and Vor + E 2. Apparent bone density of lumbar vertebrae and femur, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was significantly reduced in Vor. Vorozole decreased femoral bone density mainly in the distal femur (trabecular and cortical region). This decrease of bone density was not present in E 2 and Vor + E 2. Similar findings were observed when bone density was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT); that is, trabecular density of the distal femur, the proximal tibia, and the distal lumbar vertebra were all lower in Vor. This decrease in density was not observed in all E 2-treated animals. In conclusion, administration of the aromatase inhibitor, vorozole, to aged male rats induces net trabecular bone loss in both the appendicular and axial skeleton, despite a concomitant increase in serum testosterone. E 2 administration is able to prevent this trabecular bone loss in vorozole-treated animals.

Lactation history and bone mineral density among perimenopausal women.

To examine the relation between lactation and bone mineral density, we conducted a cross-sectional study among white, nonsmoking, perimenopausal women age 40-54. Three hundred fifty-two women completed a questionnaire covering medical and reproductive histories, physical activity, and diet. We measured the bone density of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 with dual photon absorptiometry, and the midradius and distal radius with single photon absorptiometry. Women with a history of lactation had 41 mg per cm2 higher lumbar bone mineral density than women with no lactation (95% confidence interval = 8-74 mg per cm2), controlling for parity, body mass, physical activity, and menopausal status. We found no important increase at mid- or distal radius.

Vertebral bone density in insulin-dependent diabetic children

To determine the effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on bone mass, we compared the trabecular and cortical bone density in lumbar vertebrae, measured by quantitative computed tomography (CT), in 48 white diabetic patients (23 females, 25 males; 5.2 to 19.6 years of age) with those of a control group of 48 healthy subjects, matched for race, sex, and age. Patients with neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and those with recent ketoacidosis were excluded from the study. The patient and control groups did not differ in sexual or skeletal maturation, weight, height, surface area, body mass index, abdominal fat, or paraspinal musculature. In diabetic children, cortical bone density was slightly but significantly lower than in controls (3.5% lower, P < .02); there was no difference between patients and controls regarding trabecular bone density. The decrease in cortical bone density in the diabetic group did not correlate with age, sex, duration of diabetes, or glycosylated hemoglobin levels. These results suggest that in children with uncomplicated IDDM, decreased vertebral bone density is a minor abnormaltiy that only affects cortical bone.

Distribution pattern of density in lumbar vertebra studied with computed tomography: a study of histogram plot

The bone mineral status of the cancellous bone in the lumbar vertebrae was evaluated by analysing density histograms and measuring the mean density by computed tomography. The results obtained were as follows: (a) the distribution pattern of bone density in lumbar vertebrae revealed a normal distribution. (b) high correlation coefficients between peak density (r = -0.79) or mean density (r = -0.77) and age was obtained in males, whereas peak densities in females were maintained well at ages younger than 50 years and peak densities abruptly decreased after 50 years of age. Osteoporotic vertebrae, in which multiple osteosclerotic changes were observed, had several peak densities and did not show normal density distribution pattern. These results indicated that our methods combining analysis of density histograms and measurement of mean density are useful to evaluate the bone mineral status.

Regional bone density measurements compared to total body calcium in osteoporosis

In 21 women with crush fracture osteoporosis quantities related to trabecular bone density in lumbar vertebrae and in the distal radius were significantly correlated ( r = 0.50, P < 0.05). When the group was enlarged to include data from other patients without osteoporosis, higher coefficient of correlation was obtained ( r = 0.69, P < 0.001). Total body calcium, measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis, was significantly correlated to quantities related to cortical bone mass in the radius and femur. Thus, these quantities could be used to make estimates of total body calcium in osteoporotic patients. There was no significant correlation between total body calcium and quantities related to trabecular bone density, measured by computed tomography, in vertebrae or in the distal radius.

Bone mineral content in relation to age and menopause in middle-aged women. A study of bone density in lumbar vertebrae by dual photon absorptiometry in a population sample of women.

As one phase of a comprehensive population study of women, bone density was determined in the third lumbar vertebra by dual photon absorptiometric technique. The method involves the use of two radionuclides, which both emit gamma radiation but with different energies (241Am with 59.6 keV and 137Cs with 662 keV). Women in three age strata were studied: 46, 54 and 62 years. The bone mineral content was higher in premenopausal or recently postmenopausal 54-year-old women than in women of the same age who had been postmenopausal for a long time (p less than 0.02). A similar trend was found for women aged 62. The differences could not be explained by differences in other factors studied, such as body height, body weight, smoking habits, numbers of pregnancies or physical inactivity. No significant differences were found when women with similar menstrual status in different age-groups were compared. In the ages studied, hormonal factors seem to be more important than the age per se for the development of oeteoporosis.