Bone Area Ratio Research Articles

Does an Osteoporosis-like Condition Jeopardize the Osseointegration Process around Dental Implants Placed in Animal Models? A Systematic Review.

Knowing that osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that could decrease dental implant success and survival, the purpose of this review was to gather information on the characteristics of implant osseointegration in animal models of induced osteoporosis. By pointing out the role of some factors that could improve the success rate in these situations, this study aimed to enhance the knowledge about this process that can be further translated to clinical designs. A systematic search in PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted to identify information between 2002 and 2023 regarding osseointegration of dental implants in animal models of induced osteoporosis. The following search strategy was utilized and adjusted to each database: (((dental implant) AND (Osseointegration)) AND (osteoporosis)) AND/OR (osteoporosis treatment). The inclusion criteria were animal studies in English, involving the placement of an osseointegrated implant in osteoporotic bone, and evaluating bone to implant contact (BIC) %. Exclusion criteria were studies in humans, in vitro studies, procedures involving any kind of bone graft and studies evaluating medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw. A standardized data extraction form was used to record data for each study, covering article title, date, authors, number of animals, purpose of study, type of analysis used by authors, follow-up, type of implant, test and control groups, intervention and conclusions. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) Risk of Bias tool.20 Results: A total of 204 articles were found for evaluation and selection. All of the 43 selected studies evaluated the bone-implant contact (BIC) %. Other parameters such as bone to implant mechanical interface, bone area (BA) and bone volume (BV) ratio were also evaluated in some of the studies. There was a tendency for compromised results of implant osseointegration in the presence of osteoporosis. Modification of the implant surface, systemic and local use of anti-resorptive drugs and other substances, showed benefits for the implant success in osteoporotic sites. Still, no consensus among studies on the superiority of systemic medications in improving the process of peri-implant bone repair, was observed. Although it is possible to improve the osseointegration of implants in osteoporotic bone, either by using systemic or local factors, the metabolic bone syndrome caused by osteoporosis can jeopardize the osseointegration of dental implants.

Randomized Clinical Trial: Bone Bioactive Liquid Improves Implant Stability and Osseointegration.

Implant stability can be compromised by factors such as inadequate bone quality and infection, leading to potential implant failure. Ensuring implant stability and longevity is crucial for patient satisfaction and quality of life. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we assessed the impact of a bone bioactive liquid (BBL) on the Galaxy TS implant's performance, stability, and osseointegration. We evaluated the impact stability, osseointegration, and pain levels using initial stability quotient (ISQ) measurements, CBCT scans, and pain assessment post-surgery. Surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro studies examined the BBL's effects on dental pulp pluripotent stem cells' (DPPSCs') osteogenesis and inflammation modulation in human macrophages. All implants successfully osseointegrated, as demonstrated by the results of our clinical and histological studies. The BBL-treated implants showed significantly lower pain scores by day 7 (p < 0.00001) and improved stability by day 30 (ISQ > 62.00 ± 0.59, p < 8 × 10-7). By day 60, CBCT scans revealed an increased bone area ratio in BBL-treated implants. AFM images demonstrated the BBL's softening and wettability effect on implant surfaces. Furthermore, the BBL promoted DPPSCs' osteogenesis and modulated inflammatory markers in human primary macrophages. This study presents compelling clinical and biological evidence that BBL treatment improves Galaxy TS implant stability, reduces pain, and enhances bone formation, possibly through surface tension modulation and immunomodulatory effects. This advancement holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and implant longevity.

Osseointegration of Dental Implants after Vacuum Plasma Surface Treatment In Vivo.

Previous studies have highlighted the need for post-treatment of implants due to surface aging. This study investigated the effect of vacuum plasma (VP) treatment on the osseointegration of sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant surfaces. The hypothesis was that VP might enhance implant stability, measured by implant stability quotient (ISQ) and histological osseointegration through bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area ratio (BA) in rabbit models. Eighteen implants were either untreated or treated with VP and installed into the femurs of six rabbits, which were sacrificed after four weeks. Histological analyses of BIC and BA, along with micro-CT analysis of bone volume and ISQ, were performed. The VP-treated group showed higher levels of BA, bone volume, and ISQ, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups. Despite limitations, both groups achieved better osseointegration and regeneration, warranting further studies on plasma treatment effects over varying implantation periods.

Osteoinductive biomaterials: Machine learning for prediction and interpretation

Biomaterials with osteoinductivity are widely used for bone defect repair due to their unique structures and functions. Machine learning (ML) is pivotal in analyzing osteoinductivity and accelerating new material design. However, challenges include creating a comprehensive database of osteoinductive materials and dealing with low-quality, disparate data. As a standard for evaluating the osteoinductivity of biomaterials, ectopic ossification has been used. This paper compiles research findings from the past thirty years, resulting in a robust database validated by experts. To tackle issues of limited data samples, missing data, and high-dimensional sparsity, a data enhancement strategy is developed. This approach achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.921, a precision of 0.839, and a recall of 0.833. Model interpretation identified key factors such as porosity, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and hydroxyapatite (HA) proportion as crucial determinants of outcomes. Optimizing pore structure and material composition through partial dependence plot (PDP) analysis led to a new bone area ratio of 14.7 ± 7 % in animal experiments, surpassing the database average of 10.97 %. This highlights the significant potential of ML in the development and design of osteoinductive materials. Statement of significanceThis study leverages machine learning to analyze osteoinductive biomaterials, addressing challenges in database creation and data quality. Our data enhancement strategy significantly improved model performance. By optimizing pore structure and material composition, we increased new bone formation rates, showcasing the vast potential of machine learning in biomaterial design.

Effects of electrical stimulation with alternating fields on the osseointegration of titanium implants in the rabbit tibia - a pilot study.

Introduction: Electrical stimulation has been used as a promising approach in bone repair for several decades. However, the therapeutic use is hampered by inconsistent results due to a lack of standardized application protocols. Recently, electrical stimulation has been considered for the improvement of the osseointegration of dental and endoprosthetic implants. Methods: In a pilot study, the suitability of a specifically developed device for electrical stimulation in situ was assessed. Here, the impact of alternating electric fields on implant osseointegration was tested in a gap model using New Zealand White Rabbits. Stimulation parameters were transmitted to the device via a radio transceiver, thus allowing for real-time monitoring and, if required, variations of stimulation parameters. The effect of electrical stimulation on implant osseointegration was quantified by the bone-implant contact (BIC) assessed by histomorphometric (2D) and µCT (3D) analysis. Results: Direct stimulation with an alternating electric potential of 150mV and 20Hz for three times a day (45min per unit) resulted in improved osseointegration of the triangular titanium implants in the tibiae of the rabbits. The ratio of bone area in histomorphometry (2D analysis) and bone volume (3D analysis) around the implant were significantly increased after stimulation compared to the untreated controls at sacrifice 84days after implantation. Conclusion: The developed experimental design of an electrical stimulation system, which was directly located in the defect zone of rabbit tibiae, provided feedback regarding the integrity of the stimulation device throughout an experiment and would allow variations in the stimulation parameters in future studies. Within this study, electrical stimulation resulted in enhanced implant osseointegration. However, direct electrical stimulation of bone tissue requires the definition of dose-response curves and optimal duration of treatment, which should be the subject of subsequent studies.

Age-related changes in densitometry and histomorphometry of long bone during the pubertal growth spurt in male rats.

Because experimental studies to determine the developmental toxicity of exposure to various substances in children are impossible, many studies use immature male rats. This study aimed to provide normative data for longitudinal bone growth with age during the puberty in male rats. In order to evaluate long bone growth and mineralization we examined bone size and bone density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, analyzed histomorphometry of the growth plate, and serum hormone levels relevant to bone growth from postnatal day (PD)20 to PD60. The length and weight of long bones increased strongly by PD40, and no further increase was observed after PD50. On the other hand, tibial growth plate height decreased sharply after PD50 along with a reduction in the number of cells and columns, which was probably responsible for the absence of further lengthening of long bones. Parameters related to bone formation such as bone area ratio, and the thickness and number of trabeculae, also increased significantly between PD40 and PD50. Furthermore, serum levels of IGF-1 peaked at PD30 and testosterone increased rapidly on and after PD40, when IGF-1 levels were going down. These changes may participate in the parallel increase in mineral acquisition, as well as lengthening of long bones. Our findings provide comprehensive data for changes in bone density, histomorphometry of long bones, and hormone levels relevant to bone growth during the growth spurt. This will be useful for planning animal toxicological studies, particularly for deciding on the appropriate age of animals to use in given experiments.

Association of physiological factors with grip and leg extension strength: tohoku medical megabank community-based cohort study

BackgroundUpper and lower extremity muscle strength can be used to predict health outcomes. However, the difference between the relation of upper extremity muscle and of lower extremity muscle with physiological factors is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between physiological data and muscle strength, measured using grip and leg extension strength, among Japanese adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,861 men and 6,717 women aged ≥ 20 years living in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Leg extension strength was measured using a hydraulic isokinetic leg press machine. Anthropometry and physiological data, including blood pressure, calcaneal ultrasound bone status, pulmonary function, carotid echography, and blood information, were assessed. We used a general linear model adjusted for age, body composition, and smoking status to evaluate the association between muscle strength and physiological factors.ResultsGrip and leg extension strength were positively associated with bone area ratio, vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and negatively associated with waist circumference and percentage body fat mass in both the sexes. Diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with grip strength in both the sexes and leg extension strength in men, but not women. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and red blood cell counts were positively associated with grip and leg extension strength in women, but not men. In both the sexes, pulse rate, total cholesterol, and uric acid were consistently associated with only leg extension strength, but not grip strength. In women, glycated hemoglobin demonstrated negative and positive associations with grip and leg extension strength, respectively.ConclusionsGrip and leg extension strength demonstrated similar associations with anthropometry, pulmonary function, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, but the associations with the other factors were not always consistent.

Protective effects of arecanut seed phenols in retinoic acid induced osteoporosis and the potential mechanisms explored by network pharmacology.

Arecanut seed is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. It has been presented in a clinical formula to treat osteoporosis (OP) in China. Arecanut seed is abundant in phenols. However, most of current studies mainly focused on estrogen-deficient osteoporosis (OP) model of arecanut seed phenols (ASP), there is still a lack of roundly research about molecular mechanism of ASP therapy on OP and its influence on in drug-induced bone loss. To explore potential molecular mechanisms and the effects of ASP on OP, network pharmacology, molecular docking methods and a retinoic acid-induced OP rat model were employed in this study. According to the network pharmacology method, OP related targets and ASP compound related targets were collected from databases to obtain hub targets and top active chemicals in ASP treating OP. The potential therapic pathways were also calculated. Binding capacities of top active chemicals to hub targets were analyzed by molecular dock assay. In the animal experiment, osteocalcin (OCN) levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in serum of all the rats were determined. The views of bone section were stained to observe the bone micro-structure of ASP affects. Bone mineral density (BMD), cortical bone thickness (CBT), area ratio of bone cortex (CAR) and area ratio of bone trabecula (TAR) were obtained from micro computed tomography to evaluate the effectiveness of ASP on bone loss. Three hub genes and three top active compounds were screened by network pharmacology analysis and they combined well with each other. ASP had positive effects on alleviating RA-induced bone loss by regulating the expression of the hub genes. Signals in IL-17 pathway were predicted and primarily verified being potential targets in ASP treating OP.

Transcriptomic analysis the mechanisms of anti-osteoporosis of desert-living Cistanche herb in ovariectomized rats of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Desert-living Cistanche herb (DC), as a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney yang, is often used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Total phenylethanoid glycosides are instruction ingredients for discrimination and assay according to the China pharmacopoeia for DC. This research aimed to reveal the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of total phenylethanoid glycosides of DC (PGC) by transcriptomic analysis of ovariectomized rats. Serum levels of BGP were evaluated by ELISA, the bone weight was measured, and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of osteoblasts in rats. In addition, micro-CT was used to detect the bone volume (Tb.BS/BV), bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), and bone mineral content (Tb.BMC) in trabecular bone, and the ratio of cortical bone area to total area (Ct.ar/Tt.ar), and the level of bone mineral content (Ct.BMC) in cortical bone. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) after PGC treatment were analyzed by transcriptomics. Then, a bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was carried out through GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment, and selection of the nucleus gene through the protein-protein interaction network. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the DEGs were verified. The analysis results indicated that PGC increased the secretion of osteogenic markers, and ultrastructural characterization of osteoblasts and bone morphology were improved in ovariectomized rats. A total of 269 genes were differentially expressed, including 201 genes that were downregulated and 68 genes that were upregulated between the model group and the PGC group. Bioinformation analysis results prompt the conclusion that PGC could promote the bone metabolism by muscle cell development, myofibril assembly, etc. In addition, our study also found that PGC has a good effect on osteoporosis complicated with cardiomyopathy, and it also provided evidence for the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis.

Three-dimensional femur morphology analysis for the optimal location of subtrochanteric osteotomy with an implanted Wagner cone stem in total hip arthroplasty for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip

BackgroundThis study aimed to accurately evaluate the matching of proximal and distal femoral segments and fitting of the femur–femoral stem in patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) who have undergone subtrochanteric osteotomy at different locations with an implanted Wagner cone stem to improve the rate of the bone union at the osteotomy site.MethodsThree-dimensional femur morphology of 40 patients with Crowe type IV DDH was evaluated at each cross-section to determine the femoral cortical bone area. This study focused on five osteotomy lengths (2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 cm). The overlapped area between the proximal and distal cortical bone segments was defined as the contact area (S, mm2), and the contact area to distal cortical bone area ratio was defined as the coincidence rate (R). Three indicators were used to evaluate the matching and fitting of the osteotomy sites with the implanted Wagner cone stems: (1) higher S and R between the proximal and distal segments; (2) the effective fixation length of the femoral stem at the distal segments being at least 1.5 cm; and (3) osteotomy did not involve the isthmus.ResultsIn all groups, S significantly decreased in the two proximal levels above the 0.5 cm level below the lesser trochanter (LT) compared with those below this level. In comparison, at osteotomy lengths from 2.5 to 4 cm, R significantly decreased in the three proximal levels. The optimal osteotomy levels ranged from 1.5 and 2.5 cm below the LT for an appropriately sized stem.ConclusionsSubtrochanteric osteotomy at the optimal level not only ensures fitting of the femur–femoral stem but also meets the requirements of a higher S and R to ensure adequate reduction and stabilization at the osteotomy site, which may contribute to the bone union. Although the optimal osteotomy level varies with the size of the femoral stem and the length of the subtrochanteric osteotomy, the optimal osteotomy levels for an appropriately sized Wagner cone femoral stem implantation range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm below the LT.

Evaluation of cortical bone density using clinical computed tomography images: Detection of cortical porosity areas or transitional zones in human femoral diaphyses.

Age-related changes in human trabecular bone and cortical bone are known to vary. Although the porosity of cortical bone has been suggested to increase the risk of bone fracture, most of the currently available instruments for osteoporosis testing target trabecular bone. In this study, we evaluated cortical bone density using clinical computed tomography (CT) and compared the reliability of the cortical bone density index (CDI) with that of a polished male femoral bone from the same region. CDI images revealed that the porous area of cortical bone was extended in low CDI values. Moreover, this method was used to semi-quantitatively evaluate the cortical bones of the diaphysis of male femur specimens (n=46). We found that there was a significant relationship (r=0.70, p < 0.01) between the value of the cortical index (the ratio of cortical bone area to the cross-sectional area of the femoral diaphysis) and the average of CDI in the low signal area. Our findings suggest that the smaller the cortical bone occupancy, the more areas of consequential bone density loss were present. This may be the first step toward using clinical CT to assess cortical bone density.

Preclinical evaluation of the effect of periodontal regeneration by carbonate apatite in a canine one-wall intrabony defect model.

This study aimed to histologically compare periodontal regeneration of one-wall intrabony defects treated with open flap debridement, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) in dogs. The mandibular third premolars of four beagle dogs were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, a one-wall bone defect of 4mm×5mm (mesio-distal width×depth) was created on the distal side of the mandibular second premolar and mesial side of the fourth premolar. Each defect was randomly allocated to open flap debridement (control group), periodontal regeneration utilizing β-TCP, or CO3Ap. Eight weeks after the surgery, histologic and histometric analyses were performed. No ankylosis, infection, or acute inflammation was observed at any of the experimental sites. Newly formed bone and cementum were observed in all experimental groups. The mineral apposition rate of the alveolar bone crest was higher in the CO3Ap group than in the control and β-TCP groups. The ratio of the new bone area was significantly higher in the CO3Ap group than in the control group (P<0.05). The bone contact percentage of the residual granules was significantly higher in the CO3Ap group than in the β-TCP group (P<0.05). Although this study has limitations, the findings revealed the safety and efficacy of CO3Ap for periodontal regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs, and CO3Ap has a better ability to integrate with bone than β-TCP.

Micro CT assessment of the effect of single and fractionated X radiation doses in rats tibias

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of X radiation in single and fractionated doses in tibias of rats by micro-computer tomography (µCT) analysis. The sample was consisted by 20 male rats, divided into 3 groups: Control, Single dose and Fractionated dose. The rats were submitted to a radiation X exposure on lower limbs. The single dose group was exposed to single radiation of 15 gray (Gy), while the fractionated group was submitted to three irradiation sessions of 5 Gy each, totaling 15 Gy. After 24 hours and 25 days, the rats were euthanized; the tibias were removed and scanned using a µCT unit, SkyScan 1174 Compact Micro-CT (Kontich, Bélgica). The parameters total bone area (Tt.Ar) , cortical bone area (Ct.Ar) , total cross-sectional bone area ratio (Ct.Ar / Tt.Ar) e cortical thickness (Ct.Th) for cortical bone, e bone volume ratio (BV / TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) e trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), for trabecular bone analysis were evaluated. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The µCT evaluation showed significant differences on Tt.Ar and Tb.Sp parameters (p&lt;0,05). It was observed a lower Tt.Ar in the fractionated group compared to control, and higher Tb.Sp in the group receiving a single dose when compared to the control and fractionated groups. It is concluded, in relation to bone microarchitecture, that the radiation X in fractionated doses presents more deleterious effects on the cortical bone and when in singe doses, more damage on trabecular spaces, leading to a higher porosity.

Sex Differences in Age-Related Physical Changes among Community-Dwelling Adults.

The prevalence of physical functioning limitations is positively correlated with age in both men and women. However, whether the appearance of deterioration differs depending on physical function and sex remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the modes of age-related changes in physical function and sex differences in middle-aged and older adults. This study comprised 124 (46 men and 78 women) healthy adults aged 30 years or older and examined gender differences in physical function. The results of this study showed that one-leg standing time had the highest rate of age-related decline in both men and women, followed by knee extension strength, skeletal muscle mass, the 5 m walking test, and the timed up and go test. The sex-specific points showed a high rate of decline in trunk forward bending in men and a high rate of decline in forced expiratory volume (1 s) and gradual rate of decline in the bone area ratio in women. After middle age, it is desirable to start monitoring and training balance, muscle function, and walking. Men require early intervention for flexibility, and women require early intervention for respiratory function and continued intervention for bone mineral density.

Bioactivity Evaluation of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Immersed and Grown with Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Solution

Recently, the frequency of use of bone substitute materials for the purpose of bone augmentation has increased in implant treatment, but bone formation with bone substitute materials alone is limited. Calcification of bone in the body progresses as Ca2+, H2PO4-, and HPO42- in the body form hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. In this study, therefore, we prepared a biphasic bone substitute with biological activity to promote bone formation by inducing precipitation and growth of HA crystals on the surface of a bone substitute and evaluated it. Biphasic bone substitute granules were prepared by immersing HA granules in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution prepared by mixing five medical infusion solutions, the precipitate was analyzed, and the biological activities of biphasic HA granules were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the precipitated calcium phosphate crystals were identified as low crystalline HA. On the surface of the HA granules, low-crystalline HA grew markedly as needle-shaped crystals and significantly promoted cell proliferation and bone differentiation. In animal experiments, biphasic HA granules had a significantly higher bone mineral density, new bone volume ratio, and new bone area ratio. Therefore, it suggests that biphasic hydroxyapatite is a useful bone substitute for bone augmentation in dental implant treatment.

Effects of zinc-containing diamond-like carbon coated splints on the healing of fractures in mice: A pilot study

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are highly biocompatible. They have been attracting attention because they can be used in the surface treatment of body-implanted devices. Zinc (Zn) promotes the metabolism of skin and bones. For these reasons, we developed Zn-doped DLC (Zn-DLC), a highly biocompatible DLC, as a coating material to promote bone formation. In our previous study, in vitro tests using osteoblast cells revealed that Zn-DLC promoted calcification associated with osteogenesis. Therefore, in the present study, the ability of Zn-DLC to promote osteogenesis was assessed in vivo using a Zn-deficient mouse model.We compared the healing stages of the bone fractures between Zn-DLC splints group and DLC splints group (N = 7 mice in each group), using computed tomography (CT)-created 3D models of the fractured parts. The number of mice that were fully healed by 4 weeks when fixed with DLC and Zn-DLC splints was two and four, respectively. Then, we investigated the bone features (the bone volume, bending strength, twisting strength, cortical bone thickness, cortical bone area ratio, and spongiosa bone density) after the in vivo test. These results suggested that Zn-DLC had tendencies to improve these parameters compared with DLC, though these differences were not significant statistically. Moreover, we confirmed Zn elution from Zn-DLC, using XPS analysis.These results suggested that Zn-DLC can supply Zn in vivo condition and may improve the therapeutic effect of conventional implants used in the treatment of fractures.

Simvastatin reverses the harmful effects of high fat diet on titanium rod osseointegration in ovariectomized rats.

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether simvastatin (SIM) could reverse the harmful effects on titanium rod osseointegration in ovariectomized rats fed high-fat diet (HFD). Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups and received SIM treatment plus HFD for 12 weeks. We then evaluated the microstructure parameters, histological parameters, biomechanical parameters, bone turnover, and blood lipid level. After 12 weeks of treatment, SIM can significantly improve bone formation around the titanium rod and osseointegration including higher values of maximum push-out force, bone area ratio (BAR), bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), mean connective density (Conn.D) when compared with the HFD group. In addition, system administration of SIM showed positive effects on collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX-1), procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Compared with the HFD group, lower values of CTX-1, P1NP, TC, TGL and LDL were observed in the SIM+HFD group (P < 0.05). Our findings revealed that HFD may have an adverse effect on osseointegration in osteoporotic conditions, and the harmful effect of HFD on osseointegration could be reversed by SIM.

Comparison of the effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® and Emdogain in periodontal regeneration.

The present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) with enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) for treating fenestration defects in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (each n=8). Fenestration defects were created in all rats, to which ABS, EMD, or saline (S) was then applied. The rats were grouped and sacrificed at one of two different time points, as follows: ABS-10-group, ABS-treatment/sacrifice on day 10; EMD-10-group, EMD-treatment/sacrifice on day 10; S-10-group, S-treatment/sacrifice on day 10; ABS-38-group, ABS-treatment/sacrifice on day 38; EMD-38-group, EMD-treatment/sacrifice on day 38; and S-38-group, S-treatment/sacrifice on day 38. Then, histomorphometric analysis including measurements of new bone area (NBA) and new bone ratio (NBR), and immunohistochemical analysis including the determination of osteopontin (OPN) and type-III-collagen (C-III) expression were performed. The NBA and NBR were significantly higher in the ABS-10-group and EMD-10-group compared to the S-10-group (p<.05), and in the EMD-38-group compared to the S-38-group (p<.05). The levels of C-III and OPN immunoreactivity were significantly higher in the ABS-10-group compared to the S-10-group (p<.017). The results of this study suggested that ABS can promote early periodontal regeneration, although its efficacy seems to decrease over time.

Evaluation of success rate and biomechanical stability of ultraviolet-photofunctionalized miniscrews with short lengths

The aim of this research was to verify that ultraviolet light (UV)-photofunctionalization improves the success rate and biomechanical stability of miniscrews regardless of length, and to evaluate the comparability of biomechanical stability between UV-photofunctionalized miniscrews with short lengths and untreated miniscrews with conventional lengths. Eight male beagles (age, 12-15months; weight, 10-13kg) received a total of 64 miniscrews, including 7-mm and 4-mm untreated and UV-photofunctionalized, acid-etched miniscrews with the use of a random block design. The cumulative success rates were examined in all studied groups. The insertion and removal torques and screw mobility were measured. Microcomputed tomographic scans and histomorphometric analyses were performed at 8weeks postoperatively. The success rates of 7-mm UV-untreated and UV-photofunctionalized miniscrews were 87.5% and 100%, respectively, vs 43.8% for the 4-mm UV-untreated and 4-mm UV-photofunctionalized miniscrews. The rates were significantly different in accordance with the length (P<0.001). There were no differences in the insertion and removal torque and screw mobility between groups according to the length or UV treatment. However, the 4-mmUV-untreated miniscrews yielded a mean bone area ratio of 6.35±7.43%, whereas the 7-mm UV-photofunctionalized miniscrew yielded a mean ratio of 32.17±8.34% (P=0.037). The UV-photofunctionalization significantly increased the biomechanical stability and led to increased bone and miniscrew contact area in dogs with miniscrews of the same length. However, the most important factor that affected the success rate of the miniscrew was the length.

Ultraviolet irradiation improves the hydrophilicity and osteo-conduction of hydroxyapatite

BackgroundTreating a titanium or titanium alloy implant with ultraviolet (UV) light is known to improve its associated cell growth and osseointegration. However, little is known about the effect of UV irradiation on hydroxyapatite (HA), which is also used frequently in orthopaedic and dental surgery. Here we examined the effect of UV irradiation on the hydrophilicity of HA, and on its osteoconduction ability in rats.MethodsHA implants of low and high porosity were treated with UV light, and photofunctionalisation was assessed by the contact angle of a water drop on the surface. HA implants were also inserted into rat femurs, and the rats were killed 2 or 4 weeks later. The bone volume and bone area ratio were calculated from microcomputed tomography and histological data.ResultsThe contact angle of a water drop on HA implants of both porosities was significantly reduced after UV irradiation. In the rat femurs, there was no significant difference in the bone volume between the UV light-treated and control implants at 2 or 4 weeks. The bone area ratio for the UV light-treated versus control implants was significantly increased at 2 weeks, but there was no significant difference at 4 weeks.ConclusionsThe surface of UV-irradiated HA disks was hydrophilic, in contrast to that of non-irradiated HA disks. Photofunctionalisation accelerated the increase in the bone area ratio in the early healing stage. This technology can be applied to surgical cases requiring the early fusion of bone and HA.