Bond Strength Of Glass Ionomer Cement Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Cention N and Glass Ionomer Cement - An In Vitro Study

Aim: This study compared the shear bond strengths of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Type IX and Cention N. Materials and Methods: To assess the shear bond strength, 40 samples each of GIC Type IX and Cention N were evaluated. Sample cylinders with dimensions of 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height were bonded to the buccal surface of teeth to evaluate the shear bond strength in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results: The shear bond strength of Cention N in comparison to GIC Type IX was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The results reached to a conclusion that shear bond strength of Cention N as compared to GIC Type IX was superior.

Meta-Analysis of In-Vitro Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Restorative Materials to Primary Teeth.

Restoration of primary teeth is among the main clinical applications of glass-ionomer cements (GIC). The aim of the study was to review and summarize existing evidence of in vitro bond strength of glass-ionomer (GI) restoratives to enamel and dentin of primary teeth. A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published until April 2021. The search strategy was: (“glass”) and (“ionomer”) and (“primary” or “deciduous”) and (“bond” or “tensile” or “shear”). Two researchers independently retrieved articles that reported on the bond strength of GIC to primary dentin and/or enamel. The meta-analysis was performed to compare the bond strength values of conventional (C) GIC and resin-modified (RM) GIC to different substrates. From 831 potentially eligible articles, 30 were selected for the full-text examination, and 7 were included in the analysis. Studies were rated at high (3), medium (3), and low (1) risk of bias. RM-GIC showed higher bond strength to primary enamel and dentin compared to the C-GIC. Meta-analysis of in vitro studies, evaluating bonding properties of GI restoratives to primary teeth, suggests the superior performance of RM-GIC. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the properties of novel GI formulations.

Effects of bioactive glass incorporation into glass ionomer cement on demineralized dentin

The effects of the incorporation of sodium-free bioactive glass into glass ionomer cement (GIC) on the demineralized dentin are studied. Four experimental groups with various amounts of BAG in GIC were considered: BG0 group: 0 wt% (control); BG5 group: 5 wt%; BG10 group: 10 wt%; BG20 group: 20 wt%. The GIC surface and GIC-approximated demineralized dentin surfaces were evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to evaluate the chemical changes in the GIC-approximated dentin surface. In addition, a shear bond strength test was performed to evaluate the effects of BAG incorporation on the bond strength of GIC. FE–SEM analysis indicated that BAG-incorporated GICs formed distinct precipitates on their surface. Precipitates were also formed on the GIC-approximated demineralized dentin surface. It was more obvious when the amount of BAG increased. In the XRD analysis, fluorapatitie (FAP) peaks were detected in the BG5, BG10, and BG20 groups. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength among all experimental groups. BAG-incorporated GIC precipitated FAP crystals underlying demineralized dentin surface without affecting bond strength. This study suggests the possibility of BAG as a beneficial additive in GIC.

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength of Different Luting Cements for Cementation of Stainless Steel Bands on Primary Molar Crowns (Stainless Steel and Zirconia Crowns): An In Vitro Study.

Aim and backgroundPrimary teeth are the valuable assets of a child. Apart from the obvious function of delivering esthetics, their most important function is space maintenance for the succeeding permanent teeth. At times, due to unavoidable pathological conditions, there is premature loss of primary teeth. Space maintainers can either be banded to the enamel surfaces of healthy adjacent teeth or to the surfaces of full coronal restorations, the most common ones being stainless steel crowns (SSCs) and zirconia crowns (ZCs). Due to esthetic demands, ZCs have started replacing SSCs and therefore, there needs to be data on the banding of space maintainers on ZCs and the bond strengths obtained on cementations. Thus, the present study planned to evaluate and compare the bond strengths obtained by the banding of stainless steel bands (SSBs) over SSCs and ZCs using type I glass ionomer cement (GIC) and self-adhesive resins.Materials and methodsSixty primary right mandibular molars were divided into four groups, group I, with cementation of SSB on SSC with type I GIC; group II, with cementation of SSB on SSC with self-adhesive resin cement; group III, with cementation of SSB on ZC with type I GIC; and group IV, with cementation of SSB on ZC with self-adhesive resin cement.ResultsThe mean bond strength value of GIC as luting cements in group I is 1.13 ± 0.075 MPa. The mean bond strength value of self-adhesive resin as luting cements in group II is 1.70 ± 0.104 MPa. The mean bond strength value of GIC as luting cements in group III is 1.38 ± 0.100 MPa. The mean bond strength value of self-adhesive resin as luting cements in group IV is 2.06 ± 0.119 MPa.ConclusionThe bond strength of self-adhesive resin was higher when SSB was cemented over SSC when compared with the bond strength of GIC when SSB was cemented over ZC.How to cite this articleKalaskar R, Ijalkar R, Kalaskar A, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength of Different Luting Cements for Cementation of Stainless Steel Bands on Primary Molar Crowns (Stainless Steel and Zirconia Crowns): An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(6):762–767.

Surface Conditioning Prior to the Application of Glass-Ionomer Cement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To systematically review the literature to determine whether the laboratory and clinical performance of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) is influenced by surface conditioning with polyacrylic acid (PAA). This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016039305). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases considering clinical and laboratory studies published up to July 2018, with no limit on year of publication. Two reviewers independently selected papers, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Of 141 eligible studies, 23 were fully analyzed. A total of 15 studies (12 laboratory and three clinical trials) were included in the systematic review and three laboratory studies concerning the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that pretreating the surface with PAA before using GIC significantly improved the μTBS (OR = 3.17; 95% CI: 0.51-5.83; p = 0.02). In the longitudinal clinical trials, no significant difference was observed between applying PAA or not into the cavities before using GIC. Risk of bias was considered high in all study designs. Surface preconditioning with PAA has a positive effect on the bond strength of GIC. However, this finding was not confirmed in longitudinal clinical trials.

Fluoride release/recharging ability and bond strength of glass ionomer cements to sound and caries-affected dentin.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of different glass ionomer cements (GICs) on sound/caries-affected dentin and to assess the fluoride release/recharging ability. After creating artificial caries lesions, teeth with sound and caries-affected dentin were assigned to be restored with one of the GICs: Ketac N100; GC Equia; GCP Glass Fill, and tested using a microtensile test. Ten of each material were prepared, and fluoride ion-release was measured at 10 different intervals. After 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride-gel immersion, fluoride re-release was then measured at the same intervals. In sound dentin, GC Equia exhibited significantly higher μTBS value (P < 0.05). The mean μTBS of Ketac N100 to caries-affected dentin was significantly lower than the other materials (P < 0.05). All materials showed maximal fluoride release at 24 h, GC Equia released the most fluoride. The bond strength of GICs is affected by tooth substrate. High-viscosity GICs show higher initial fluoride release as well as greater fluoride recharge capacity.

Evaluation on shear bond strength of different glass ionomer and hydroxy apatite cements used in ossiculoplasty.

Glass ionomer cements (GIC) have been widely used in dentistry for many years. In recent years, GIC have also been used for ossiculoplasty. The bond strength of GIC used in ossiculoplasty and the way they may change over the years in the cementation area are being questioned. The bonding strength of the substance may be of importance for long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the bond strength of different GIC on ossicles. In vitro study. Twenty ossicles were obtained from patients who had undergone ear surgery. All specimens were randomly divided into four subgroups. All specimens were inserted into a specially designed apparatus for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The tested materials [Aqua Meron (AM), Aqua Cem (AC), Ketac Cem (KC), and Otomimix CPB (OH)] were prepared and applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The SBS was tested using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean SBSs were found to be 13.28 MPa, 23.43 MPa, 8.51MPa, and 1.78 MPa for AM, AC, KC, and OH, respectively. AC had the highest SBS, which was statistically significantly different from that of KC and OH (p<0.05). Both AM and KC had higher SBS than OH (p<0.05). The results obtained in this study by investigating the bone-bonding strength of cements widely used in ossiculoplasty demonstrate that some of these substances have a greater ability to bond to ossicles compared to others. Further clinical investigations are needed to test different parameters.

Influence of long-term water storage and thermocycling on shear bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to Er:YAG laser-prepared dentin.

To evaluate the influence of long-term water storage and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of a glass-ionomer cement to Er:YAG-irradiated and bur-prepared dentin. Fifteen bovine incisors were selected and the roots removed. Crowns were sectioned into four pieces, resulting in 60 samples that were individually embedded in polyester resin (n = 15) and ground to plane the enamel and expose the dentin. The bonding site was delimited and samples were randomly assigned according to the method of cavity preparation: Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz) or high-speed handpiece (diamond bur #2096). Samples were fixed to a metallic device, where glass-ionomer cement (GIC) cylinders were prepared. Subsequently, they were subdivided according to the duration of water storage (WS) and number of thermocycles (TCs) - 24 h WS/no TCs and 6 months WS/12,000 TCs - and subjected to a shear bond strength test (500 N at 0.5 mm/min). The duration of water storage and number of thermocycles tested had no statistically significant effect on the shear bond strength to laser-irradiated dentin (p > 0.05). For bur-prepared substrate, the long-term degradation process promoted a decrease in shear bond strength values (p < 0.05). Long-term water storage and thermocycling did not affect shear bond strength of glass-ionomer cement bonded to Er:YAG laser-prepared dentin.

Effects of dentin surface treatments on shear bond strength of glass-ionomer cements

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength of a conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin. 80 bovine permanent incisors were used. 40 cylindrical specimens of a GIC (Fuji IX GP Extra) and 40 cylindrical specimens of a RMGIC (Fuji II LC) were attached to the dentin. The teeth were then randomly assigned to 8 groups of equal size (n=10), 4 for every type of glass-ionomer cement, corresponding to type of dentin surface treatments. Group 1: GC Cavity Conditioner; Group 2: 37% phosphoric acid gel; Group 3: Clearfil SE Bond; Group 4: no dentin conditioning (control). The specimens were placed in a universal testing machine (Model 3343, Instron Corp., Canton, Mass., USA) and subsequently tested for shear bond strength (MPa). ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various groups. Post hoc Tukey test showed different values of shear bond strength for Fuji IX GP Extra and for Fuji II LC. The different conditioners variably influence the adhesion of the glass-ionomer cements tested. Conclusions. RMGIC shear bond to dentin was higher than GIC. The use of a Self-etch adhesive system improved the shear bond strength values of RMGIC and lowered the shear bond strength values of GIC significantly.

Influence of the addition of chlorhexidine diacetate on bond strength of a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement to sound and artificial caries-affected dentin

INTRODUCTION: The aim of adding chlorhexidine (CHX) to glass ionomer cements (GIC) is to improve their antibacterial property, but it may interfere with their bond to dentin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of adding chlorhexidine diacetate at different concentrations to a high-viscosity GIC on its bond to sound and artificial caries-affected dentin. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eighty human third molars were used, on which an area of dentin was exposed on the occlusal surface. Half of the specimens were kept sound and the other half were subjected to artificially induced caries. CHX was mixed with GIC powder at 0.5%, 1% and 2% (w/w). GIC without CHX was used as control. On each dentin surface a specimen measuring 1 mm in diameter and 1 mm high was made. The samples were kept at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 24 hours and subject to microshear testing. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (α=0.05). RESULT: There was no significant difference between bond strength of sound and caries-affected dentin (p&gt;0.05). For both substrate conditions, groups GIC, GIC+0.5% CHX and GIC+1% CHX showed statistically similar bond strength (p&gt;0.05), and higher than that of GIC+2% CHX (p&lt;0.025). Cohesive and mixed failures were predominant in all groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of 0.5% and 1% chlorhexidine did not result in negative changes in the bond strength of GIC to caries-affected and sound dentin.

Surface properties and bond strength measurements of N-vinylcaprolactam (NVC)-containing glass-ionomer cements

N-vinylcaprolactam (NVC)-containing glass ionomers are promising dental restorative materials with improved mechanical properties; however, little information is available on other physical characteristics of these types of modified glass ionomers, especially their surface properties. Understanding the surface characteristics and behavior of glass ionomers is important for understanding their clinical behavior and predictability as dental restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of NVC-containing terpolymers on the surface properties and bond strength to dentin of GIC (glass-ionomer cement), and to evaluate the effect of NVC-containing terpolymer as a dentin conditioner. The terpolymer of acrylic acid (AA)-itaconic acid (IA)-N-vinylcaprolactam (NVC) with a molar ratio of 8:1:1 (AA:IA:NVC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized terpolymer was used in glass-ionomer cement formulations (Fuji IX GP). Ten disc-shaped specimens (12 × 1 mm) were mixed and fabricated at room temperature. Surface properties (wettability) of modified cements were studied by contact angle measurements as a function of time. Work of adhesion values of different surfaces were also determined. The effect of NVC-modified polyacid on the bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to dentin was investigated. The mean data obtained from contact angle and bonding strength measurements were subjected to t test and 2-way ANOVA (α=.05). NVC-modified glass-ionomer cements showed significantly (P<.05) lower contact angles (46 degrees) and higher work of adhesion (W(A)=60.33 erg/cm(2)) in comparison to commercially available Fuji IX GP (57 degrees and W(A)=53.01 erg/cm(2)). The wettability of dentin surfaces conditioned with NVC-containing terpolymer was significantly higher (P<.05) (22 degrees, WA=73.77 erg/cm(2)) than dentin conditioned with GC dentin conditioner (29 degrees, W(A)=70.52 erg/cm(2)). The experimental cement also showed significantly higher values for shear bond strength to dentin (8.7 ±0.15 MPa after 1 month) when compared to the control group (8.4 ±0.13 MPa after 1 month). NVC-containing terpolymers may enhance the surface properties of GICs and increase their bond strength to the dentin. Furthermore, NVC-containing polyelectrolytes are better dentin conditioners than a commercially available dentin conditioner (GC dentin conditioner).

Effects of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) containing polyelectrolytes on surface properties of conventional glass-ionomer cements (GIC)

It has been found that polyacids containing an N-vinylpyrrolidinone (NVP) comonomer produces a glass inomer cement with improved mechanical and handling properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NVP modified polyelectrolytes on the surface properties and shear bond strength to dentin of glass ionomer cements. Poly(acrylic acid (AA)-co-itaconic acid (IA)-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) was synthesized by free radical polymerization. The terpolymer was characterized using 1H NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and viscometry for solution properties. The synthesized polymers were used in glass ionomer cement formulations (Fuji II commercial GIC). Surface properties (wettability) of modified cements were studied by water contact angle measurements as a function of time. Work of adhesion values of different surfaces was also determined. The effect of NVP modified polyacid, on bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to dentin was also investigated. The mean data obtained from contact angle and bonding strength measurements were subjected to one- and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α = 0.05. Results showed that NVP modified glass ionomer cements showed significantly lower contact angles ( θ = 47°) and higher work of adhesion (WA = 59.4 erg/cm 2) in comparison to commercially available Fuji II GIC ( θ = 60° and WA = 50.3 erg/cm 2, respectively). The wettability of dentin surfaces conditioned with NVP containing terpolymer was higher ( θ = 21°, WA = 74.2 erg/cm 2) than dentin conditioned with Fuji conditioner ( θ = 30°, WA = 69 erg/cm 2). The experimental cement also showed higher but not statistically significant values for shear bond strength to dentin (7.8 MPa), when compared to control group (7.3 MPa). It was concluded that NVP containing polyelectrolytes are better dentin conditioners than the commercially available dentin conditioner (Fuji Cavity Conditioner, GC). NVP containing terpolymers can enhance the surface properties of GICs and also increase their bond strength to the dentin.

Shear Bond Strength of Light-cured Glass Ionomer to Enamel and Dentin

The shear bond strengths of a light-cured glass-ionomer cement to enamel and dentin were determined with use of extracted human maxillary permanent canines and molars. Bonding sites on the ground, etched enamel and ground dentin surfaces were demarcated by the punching of a hole, 3 mm in diameter, in an adhesive tape. The mixed glass-ionomer cement was transferred to the demarcated site, cured by exposure to visible light for 30 s, and the cement surface treated with Scotchprep Dentin Primer followed by Scotchbond 2 Light Cure Dental Adhesive. The embedded teeth were positioned in an assembly apparatus, and Silux composite was bonded to the glass-ionomer-cement surfaces. The specimens were disassembled after 15 min and subjected to a shear load (in an Instron machine) immediately after disassembly; after storage in water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, without and with temperature cycling; and after storage in water for four weeks, without and with temperature cycling. The shear bond strength of the glass-ionomer cement to etched enamel was in the order of 12 MN.m-2, and to dentin it was 9 MN.m-2. Temperature cycling and duration of storage had no adverse effect on the shear bond strength. The enamel and dentin aspects of fractured test specimens were examined, and the percentage of the bonding area that failed in the cement was estimated. Most of the test specimens failed partly at the enamel and dentin interfaces and within the glass-ionomer cement.

Bond strength of polycarboxylic acid cements to treated dentine.

The effect of some dentine surface pretreatments proposed in the literature to enhance the bond strengths of one or more polycarboxylic acid cements, has been examined. Few of these pretreatments have been independently investigated. The bond strengths of two polycarboxylic acid cements, one of which contained SnF 2 , and a glass-ionomer cement were determined in tension by detaching 3 mm diameter stainless steel pads cemented to tooth surfaces and compacted synthetic hydroxyapatite. The bond strengths of the unfluoridated polycarboxylate cement were inferior to those of the SnF 2 containing cement. By exchanging liquids the major cause was found to be the old, highly viscous liquid of the unfluoridated cement. A significant increase in bond strength was obtained with the unfluoridated polycarboxylate cement following pretreatment of dentine with Ca(OH) 2 , or a mineralising agent or in situ precipitation of Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . Similar increases were obtained with the polycarboxylate cement containing SnF 2 , which in addition showed improvement after in situ precipitation of Sn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . No worthwhile improvement in bond strength of glass-ionomer cement to dentine was obtained with any pretreatment. Cohesive fracture of a weak layer of cement in contact with dentine may have masked any improvements in bond strength. Some general characteristics of successful dentine pretreatment agents are summarised.