Bold Approach Research Articles

Hydrothermal carbonization of primary sewage sludge in a prototype reactor: Sensitivity analysis of key parameters for hydrochar and liquid phase upscaling and reuse

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of untreated sewage sludge with high water content was evaluated as an alternative to usual wastewater treatment. This bold approach allowed bioproducts useful as biofuel and nutrient sources to be obtained directly from raw sludge. HTC experiments were performed in a scalable arrangement (technology readiness level >4) composed of a 10-liter high-pressure reactor. The influence of the experimental conditions, including temperature (180-220°C), reaction time (60-120min), and pH (6.5-12.0), was evaluated on nutrients and heavy metal distribution through the liquid phase by a 23 central composite design with a triple central point. The bioproducts were characterized by a set of six analytical techniques, and the results were refined by statistical procedures (Principal Component Analysis and Response Surface Methodology). pH is a variable that impacts bioproducts’ characteristics, making it a guiding factor for application. Basic pH promotes transfer of components from solid to liquid phase, while natural pH favors the heating value of hydrochars. Liquid phase is a carbon- and nitrogen-rich source that can be useful for plant nutrition, mainly due to the increase of ammonia nitrogen from 20.6 to 51.7wt.% under pH 6.5, and an expressive decrease of chemical oxygen demand from 32 to 6-16 mgO2L-1. The hydrochar can be considered a renewable solid fuel, reaching up to 12.43 MJ kg-1 under pH 6.5; the basic pH favored an increase in the O/C ratio and lower HHV values. HTC of primary sewage sludge can replace steps of a conventional treatment station and promotes treated wastewater reuse.

Munāsabah dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim Karya Mahmud Yunus

This paper reviews the discourse on munāsabah found in the Qur'anic exegesis by Mahmud Yunus. This monumental tafsir sparked discussion due to Mahmud Yunus' bold approach to interpreting the Qur'an. Munāsabah is a study within the Ulumul Qur'an (the sciences of the Qur'an) that holds aesthetic value in the process of revelation since the Qur'an was first revealed. It serves as a historical key to understanding the context of certain verses when they were revealed. This research explores various aspects, including the munāsabah present in Mahmud Yunus' tafsir. This research employs a qualitative method based on library research, combining two sources: the primary source in the form of Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim and secondary sources such as journals, blogs, or relevant literature. The results of this study reveal that the author identified elements of munāsabah based on Mahmud Yunus' theoretical framework. The first is munāsabah between one surah and another in the Qur'an (such as between Surah Al-Baqarah: 22 and Surah An-Nur: 43). The second is the munāsabah between the end of one verse and the beginning of the next (such as between the end of Al-Baqarah: 219 and the beginning of Al-Baqarah: 220).

Rethinking compensation in light of the development of AI

ABSTRACT The opacity, autonomy and complexity of AI systems can stand in the way of a fair and efficient allocation of risk and loss. The European Commission (EC) has recognized this and has addressed these matters in two proposals for two directives: the AI Liability Directive and a new Product Liability Directive. Both Directives address information asymmetries between parties in a liability claim by providing new rules on the burden of proof. In addition, the proposed Product Liability Directive has been brought ‘up-to-date’ by explicitly incorporating new technical developments and by ending the debate on software as a product. Nevertheless, the injured party might still not receive compensation for the damage caused by a defective AI-system. This gives rise to the question of whether the legal framework for compensation should be revised more boldly to ensure compensation for the damage suffered by the injured party. This contribution will explore such a bold approach by delving into compensation funds. More specifically, this contribution will examine how a compensation fund for damage caused by AI-systems can be designed as well as what its boundaries could or should be and what its benefits could be.

A professional and institutional organization based on the “Aller vers” dynamic

The French Union for Oral Health (UFSBD) embodies a professional initiative in institutional form, based on the philosophy of “Aller vers” (going toward). Based on plural representation, it brings together a variety of dentists, who are representative of the diversity of practices, whether in urban or rural areas, as employees or independent practitioners, or in local practice or hospital contexts. Proximity to the public is the very essence of its action and gives it a good understanding of realities on the ground. Since its creation, the UFSBD has been engaged in an ever-evolving collective mission, adapting its efforts to the changing needs of society and citizens. Its bold approach goes beyond the traditional boundaries of dental practice, by reaching out to the most vulnerable people and those furthest from the health system. This translates into an inclusive, proactive, and local approach. This dynamic has played a decisive role in advocating, since the 1990s, the recognition of oral health as an essential component of general health. Despite the obstacles and the time required to change mentalities, the UFSBD persevered, particularly regarding the challenge that periodontal diseases represent for oral health. Challenges persist, particularly with regard to access to prevention for populations at risk, population aging, and the integration of oral health into overall care pathways. However, the main objective remains that oral health regains its place as an undeniable national priority. Indeed, the mouth is at the heart of general health and can play an essential transversal role in public health.

Cosmic Rays Measurements on an Interstellar Probe: A Bold Approach to Concluding the Second Century of Space Aged Science

Cosmic Rays Measurements on an Interstellar Probe: A Bold Approach to Concluding the Second Century of Space Aged Science

Conservative surgical management of a heterotopic scar pregnancy: A case report

Introduction: The cesarean scar pregnancy is on rise and the objective of this case study is to highlight a different, bold but conservative approach to an unusual challenging case of eight weeks heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy, which was threatening to rupture. Case Report: A 31-year-old G3P2L1 previous two cesarean sections presented with lower abdominal pain and bleeding. She was hemodynamically stable, and ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed heterotopic pregnancy, eight weeks (gestational sacs > 32 mm) intrauterine and caesarean scar pregnancy, which was threatening to rupture. Since the scar pregnancy was large, BHcG was > 200,000 iu, there was evidence of imminent scar dehiscence; and she was stable and had good blood parameters. The authors decided to take cautious but bold decision of suction evacuation under USG guidance, following the uterine artery embolism. The procedure was smooth and lower segment scar sacculus bleeding was controlled by compression with help of Foley’s balloons inside uterine cavity as well as in bladder. There was no evidence of extrauterine bleeding. She made a good post-operative recovery. Follow-ups consisted of serial BHcG and USG to monitor the regress. Conclusion: This case study implies that cesarean scar pregnancy, even with imminent scar dehiscence can be managed by USG-guided suction evacuation by experienced hands. Prior uterine artery embolization (UAE) added the safety of bleeding control. This case also emphasizes the importance of a patient monitoring and relying on failing BHcG, and a symptom free patient; and not on mass in CS scar alone which was slow to resolve.

CHORNOBYL AS TEXT IN THE WORKS BY MARKIIAN KAMYSH

Focused on the works “Oformliandiia”, “Scrap metal” (“Chormet”), and “Duckweed” (“Riaska”) by the modern Ukrainian writer Markiian Kamysh, the paper clarifies the peculiarities of the literary representation of the Chornobyl disaster at various levels of the fictional text, such as narratological, pictorial, thematic, and architectonic. While each work has its distinct structure, hero type, and set of issues, they all share a common thread of characters being involved in the exclusion zone.
 Kamysh takes a bold approach to developing the Chornobyl theme, emphasizing the dark aspects of life in the zone, the complex existential process of self-understanding, and long-term stays in the zone as a way to alleviate pain and talk effectively about trauma. Every visit to the exclusion zone is an important event in the inner life of the characters. The confessional nature of the narrative, reflections on the exclusion zone as a territory for self-understanding, self-therapy, relief from trauma, and therefore general spiritual healing, allow for “Oformliandia” to be considered an alternative existential post-traumatic text within the modern Ukrainian nuclear discourse.
 M. Kamysh emphasizes that staying in the exclusion territory opens opportunities for the hero of “Oformliandia” to deeper understand his belonging to the country, its history, traditions, and the emerging culture of ties with the zone. In the form of fiction, the writer illustrates the impact of the accident on the morals and values of the whole society and a particular person and offers his recipe for life after the Chornobyl accident and with the Chornobyl tragedy.
 The narrator-witness from “Oformliandia” is the author’s alter ego; this fact increases the degree of emotionality and truthfulness of the presented fictional material. Through his works “Oformliandiia”, “Chormet”, and “Riaska”, M. Kamysh marked a new direction for the understanding of the Chornobyl theme in Ukrainian literature in the 21st century.

Application of RSA algorithm in e-passport with python3 implementation

The e-passport is a bold approach which companied with Biometric Identification and Radio Frequency Identification. By employing the RSA encryption algorithm, e-passport have become effective for protecting the security during the transmission of information. This paper introduces the application of the RSA encryption algorithm in the e-passport, the possible security risks and vulnerabilities of active authentication, and the implementation of RSA encryption and decryption. The processing of RSA encryption and decryption is simulated by using Python, and the advantages and disadvantages of using this implementation in an e-passport are discussed. Because this paper uses a relatively basic RSA algorithm logic, there are certain security issues when applying it to an actual e-passport.

ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКА МІСІЯ МИКОЛИ ЛУКАША В РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРИ

The relevance of the article is determined by the general focus of translation studies on the research of the heritage, as well as the practice of artistic translation of the Ukrainian theoretician Mykola Lukash. In fact, in translation studies, the author's method of translation of baroque literature in the polysystem of the Ukrainian literature still remains vaguely defined. The analysis of the influence of the translated baroque literature on the creative and life paths of the artisttranslator seems to be promising. The purpose of the study is to reveal Mykola Lukash’s translation mission as a significant figure in the history of the Ukrainian translation and development of Ukrainian language culture. Comprehensive understanding of the history of the Ukrainian literature, as well as its culture and people is not possible without an overall study of the history of the Ukrainian artistic translation, as well as the Ukrainian translation studies in general. The defender of the Ukrainian culture and, in particular, the language, the ascetic translator Mykola Oleksiyovych Lukash, takes a prominent position in the research. Acting as a mediator, the translator M. Lukash explains the incomprehensible, reveals the author to a new community. He often changes the established view of the work as an obvious and complete thing, convinces everyone with a fresh and deeper interpretation, cancels errors of perception. His characteristic was a bold approach to solving difficult translation tasks, he often experimented with linguistic means. The creative legacy of the master of the Ukrainian translation, M. Lukash, has always aroused the increased interest of specialists in his author's innovations, dominant features of the individual style and method of translation of a certain literary direction and genre. Actually, the translation of baroque literature, the specificity of which is the contrast between reality and illusions, heterogeneous combination of the tragic and the comic, the sublime and the vulgar, the terrible and the funny, i.e. the combination of the book and the folk, the sacred and the profane, brought M. Lukash to a completely new level as after the release of these translations, a language revolution took place in the field of professional translation.

Measurement of Cerebral Oxygen Extraction Fraction Using Quantitative BOLD Approach: A Review.

Quantification of brain oxygenation and metabolism, both of which are indicators of the level of brain activity, plays a vital role in understanding the cerebral perfusion and the pathophysiology of brain disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a widely used clinical imaging technique, which is very sensitive to magnetic susceptibility, has the possibility of substituting positron emission tomography (PET) in measuring oxygen metabolism. This review mainly focuses on the quantitative blood oxygenation level-dependent (qBOLD) method for the evaluation of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in the brain. Here, we review the theoretic basis of qBOLD, as well as existing acquisition and quantification methods. Some published clinical studies are also presented, and the pros and cons of qBOLD method are discussed as well.

A DNA barcoding and photo-documentation resource of water mites (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia) of Siberia: Accurate species identification for global climate change monitoring programs

Water mites (Hydrachnidia) are good model organisms for the assessment and long-term monitoring of the biological impacts of natural and human-induced environmental changes in freshwater ecosystems, including those related to global climate change. However, monitoring programs using water mites as bioindicators may be impeded by difficulties associated with species identification. Here we integrate conventional morphology, DNA sequence data (using the COX1 barcoding locus) and extensive voucher photo documentation to create and validate a tool for accurate species identification of water mites in Western Siberia (including a dedicated reference climate monitoring and research site). Using this approach, we detected a total of 95 species, of which, one was a conventional new species; 14 taxa were cryptic species having large among-species COX1 K2P distances but lacking any apparent morphological differences. Our a priori species delimitation was successfully validated a posteriori. An automatic species delimitation algorithm (ASAP) identified exactly the same set of 95 species, with a species delimitation threshold of 6.1%. This result agrees with previous works suggesting a large threshold of 5.6–6.0% for water mites, but contrasts with the BOLD approach which uses a much lower threshold to identify BINs (1%). Furthermore, by comparing our identified sequences with GenBank data, we expanded known geographic ranges of several water mite species. Using extensive GenBank data on mites in Canadian waters, four species were detected to be Holarctic rather than Palaearctic as thought previously (Lebertia obscura, Limnesia undulatoides, Oxus nodigerus and Arrenurus papillator). Four species, Lebertia obscura, Torrenticola brevirostris, Hygrobates limnocrenicus and Unionicola parvipora, were recorded for the first time in Russia. We provide an annotated species checklist reporting the distribution, ecology, bioindiocation potential, and COX1 barcode sequence data along with high-resolution photographs of each DNA voucher. Future ecological and biodiversity studies will benefit from using molecular tools for accurate identification of useful mesofaunal bioindicator organisms, such as water mites.

Пестель vs. Пестель: трагедия Л. Зорина «Декабристы» и роман Б. Окуджавы «Бедный Авросимов»

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of two interpretations of Pavel Pestel’s personality and fate in the literature of the late Khrushchev thaw. The contribution of the peer writers to the liberation of cultural and historical memory from official dictatorship is discussed, the basis of their ideological similarity is shown: this is the awareness of the fatal problem of morality and revolution (Zorin). The author of the tragedy The Decembrists (1966) and the author of the novel Poor Avrosimov (published in 1969) worked with the same documents on the history of Decembrism, but each of them established his own hierarchy of sources. The article shows the difference between creative strategies and remarkable artistic results of both authors. Zorin, who surprised his contemporaries with his bold approach to a familiar topic, on the whole remained true to the spirit of the Decembrist myth. For the playwright, the memoir testimony of the priest Myslovsky (“Nothing shook his firmness”) was of paramount importance; therefore, even on the eve of his execution, Zorin’s hero is presented as a forward-looking fighter. The chief Decembrist in Okudzhava’s work is different: the concept of the novel is based on the facts that “in the first person” overturn the mythologized reputation of Pestel. This allows the modern writer to see the eternal – existential – nature in the old political tragedy. The context of Okudzhava’s creative search is formed not only by historical documents, but also by impressions from the Decembrists (a play and performance on the stage of the Sovremennik Theatre); the article underlines the main aspects of the polemical dialogue between the novelist and the playwright. While Zorin’s play skillfully updates the Decembrist mythology and Pestel’s personal myth, the myth in Okudzhava’s novel is reflected and hence overcome.

COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring in low and middle income countries – Time for a bold new approach

COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring in low and middle income countries – Time for a bold new approach

Addressing Child Health Equity Through Clinical Decision-Making.

Addressing Child Health Equity Through Clinical Decision-Making.

A Question of Freedom: The Families Who Challenged Slavery from the Nation's Founding to the Civil War by William G. Thomas III

Reviewed by: A Question of Freedom: The Families Who Challenged Slavery from the Nation's Founding to the Civil Warby William G. Thomas III Ted Maris-Wolf (bio) Slavery, Antislavery, Abolition, Legal history A Question of Freedom: The Families Who Challenged Slavery from the Nation's Founding to the Civil War. By William G. Thomas III. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2020. Pp. 418. Cloth, $35.00.) [End Page 156]Rarely have white historians of slavery sought relationships with descendants of those enslaved by their very own ancestors, let alone authored a scholarly monograph detailing the horrors of slaveholding and violence in their family history. William Thomas has done both. The resulting study, A Question of Freedom: The Families Who Challenged Slavery from the Nation's Founding to the Civil War, is an ambitious and meticulously researched examination of slavery and law between the Revolution and the Civil War, as well as an unconventional and provocative call for historians to lead the way in fostering truth and racial reconciliation in today's society. Thomas challenges readers (especially those of us descended from enslavers) to reflect on our own relationships to the private and public pasts we inherit, study, and narrate. Are we open to hearing and acting on the calls of those enslaved by our own family members? Reckoning with revelations uncovered during the course of his research, Thomas asks, "How would I respond to the call of these ancestors? How would you?" (121). Thomas's unorthodox use of first-, second-, and third-person voice likely will inspire more scholars to follow his example (and that of others before him, including Saidiya Hartman, Edward Ball, and Thomas Norman DeWolf) in crafting more intimate historical explorations of the lives of the enslaved. Perhaps A Question of Freedomwill even precipitate the long-awaited moment when we historians of slavery acknowledge greater kinship with our cousins in anthropology by explicitly positioning ourselves (and our personal histories) to the subjects and people we study—something anthropologists have been doing for decades. It is just as likely, however, that Thomas's approach will alienate some who see his first-person interludes of "self-revelation" and attempts at racial reconciliation as distracting, overly personal, or even insulting, especially if they find these passages obscure the individuals at the center of the study—enslaved Black men and women who took the extraordinary step of petitioning for their freedom and challenging the very basis of legal slavery in Maryland, Washington, DC, and elsewhere (2). After all, must we be privy to the private ruminations and emotional journeys of the historian to appreciate brilliant scholarship? Thomas's bold narrative approach is reason enough to assign A Question of Freedomin any graduate seminar, but his remarkable archival detective work and resulting contributions make this one of the most [End Page 157]important recent works in legal history and, more broadly, the history of American slavery. Thomas recounts in painstaking detail the efforts of five generations of enslaved families of Prince George's County, Maryland, to secure their freedom and that of others by directing white lawyers to file hundreds of freedom suits on their behalf in various courts—county, state, even the U.S. Supreme Court. Through their personal involvement in the conception of these suits, the Queens, Mahoneys, Bells, and other enslaved families "accumulated a substantial reservoir of legal experience and knowledge" that not only secured freedom for many of their own petitioners between 1787 and 1861 but also rattled the foundations of the institution of slavery in Maryland and beyond (149). One of Thomas's most important contributions is advancing our understanding of an increasingly robust Black legal culture between the Revolution and the Civil War and the role of enslaved petitioners and their freedom suits in fostering this tradition. Thomas recounts the complicated situations of dozens of petitioners who creatively, persistently, and often repeatedly challenged the property claims of their enslavers through law. In several early suits in Maryland, enslaved families evoked the Somersetv. Stewartruling of 1772 to argue that because an ancestor of theirs had set foot in England, they and all descendants were free, according to English common law...

The Influence of Philosophy in the Establishment of Islamic Art

Visual arts created by culturally Islamic people from the seventh century onwards are referred to as Islamic art. Islamic art has taken a way of unveiling the interior of the art and its cultural, conceptual, and social messages since its creation and separation from traditional art. This study aims to examine art from an Islamic viewpoint to gain a thorough understanding of Islamic art, its styles, and values. The key goals were to find out what factors influence the establishment of Islamic art and to comprehend the importance of art in Islamic culture. A thematic analysis based on literature was used as the methodology. According to previous scholars, Islamic art represents spiritual harmony, and appreciation of beauty was of great significance in art. The suggestion was drawn that art and what constitutes art are strongly influenced by the history and values of particular communities or religious affiliations. Islamic thinkers take a bold new approach to Islamic art, believing human to be the most divine being formed by Allah (swt).

The Problem of Becoming a Bodhisattva and the Emergence of Mahāyāna

This essay examines how nikāya traditions and early Mahāyānists understood the bodhisattva path. It makes the point that these traditions shared the understanding that it is only possible to enter the path in the presence of a living Buddha and that it is thus impossible for any person now living to do so. It argues that while Buddhists following nikāya traditions found a few ways to work around this problem, the authors of early Mahāyāna sūtras established a coherent bodhisattva tradition by using a bold approach to attribute bodhisattva status to their followers.

Anti-transcendentalism and dark romanticism in Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death"

This review seeks to analyse the short story “The Masque of the Red Death”, by Edgar Allan Poe, and to study its connection to the anti-transcendentalist and dark romantic movements. Through an examination of the literary aspects contained in the story, this work aims to inspect Poe's writing style, notedly marked by a bold approach of the themes of death, mourning and decay, and to compare his aesthetic decisions - such as the strong symbolic streak, the reliance on colour and architecture and the artistic depiction of death - to the chief tenets that influenced anti-transcendentalist writers over the 19th century.

The rise and fall of university-based nurse training

Aim/objectiveTo consider the future of nurse education and the merits of a university-based course versus vocational training. BackgroundIn the 1990s nurse training in the United Kingdom moved from an apprenticeship model to a university-based education. At about the same time, the two-tier structure of registered and enrolled nurses was abandoned, leading to an all-graduate profession. DesignOpinion paper MethodsLeave blank. ResultsNursing is primarily a humanistic endeavour, requiring interpersonal as well as academic knowledge and technical skills. We argue that the move into universities has not served recruits (and patients) as well as intended. Students today are financially worse off than their predecessors, have fewer practice opportunities, and often lack the sense of belonging that existed when training was hospital-based. The academic environment is a deterrent to some who cannot afford fees or who would struggle to attain a university degree. Branch-specific courses have produced an inflexible workforce. ConclusionsThe move from practice to universities was a bold approach, but it has failed. We urge a revised apprenticeship model, with university input and generic training.

Dengue virus induces human immune cells to secrete factors capable of tumor cell killing and activation of effector cells against treatment-resistant tumors

Abstract The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as immunotherapies has reinvigorated interest in microbial-based cancer therapies (MBCTs). However, thus far only one OV is FDA-approved and improvement in overall survival is experienced by a small proportion of treated patients. Seeking to take a bold approach, we pursued using Dengue virus (DV) as a novel cancer virotherapy. Thus far, DV has had little to no exploration in cancer, despite being well-studied in the vaccine context, where it demonstrates an outstanding safety profile. In our studies, we identified DV as having the ability to cause tumor cell death. Importantly, co-culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with DV resulted in cytokine production (including IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, TNFα, and IFNγ) rather than cell death. We observed that supernatants from such co-cultures at 72 hours (m.o.i. of 2.0) were able to stimulate T cell- and NK cell-mediated killing of 624.28 melanoma cells, which are resistant to killing due to deletion of the HLA A2.1 gene. Surprisingly, these supernatants alone were also able to cause 624.28 cell death without effector cells or DV present. To determine whether DV could likewise reduce in vivo tumor growth, we utilized our DV plus dendritic cell (DC) platform, in which bone marrow-derived DCs deliver a relevant tumor antigen. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were challenged with B16 cells (5×104) via tail vein injection, resulting in lung melanoma foci. DV treatment (106 pfu, subcutaneous) with gp100-loaded DCs (6×106 via infusion) reduced melanoma foci in the lung by 51% (p<0.05). Future research will focus on mechanisms underlying DV-driven anti-tumor immune responses and tumor cell killing, with the intent of translating these findings to the clinic.