Body Weight Of Extract Research Articles

Effect of Treatment of Malaria and Diabetes with Aqueous Extract of <i>Anthocleista Djalonensis</i> in Mice

Anthocleista djalonensis is a medicinal plant that has been used to treat malaria, jaundice, abscesses and diabetes. The study assessed the effects of aqueous extract of A. djalonensis leaves on some biochemical indices in the treatment of malaria and diabetes. Twenty-four mice used were randomly assigned into six groups numbering four each and provided with feed and water ad libitum. Group 1 (control) received water and feed only. Groups 2, 3, 4 5 and 6 received 200 mg/kg body weight of extract; 5 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine, 400 mg/kg body weight extract, 2 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide 5 mg/kg body weight chloroquine and 2 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide respectively for seven days. Phytochemical screening of A. djalonensis leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, steroids, flavonoids and tannins at 6.76 ± 0.03, 0.61 ± 0.01, 2.11 ± 0.02, 0.89 ± 0.01, 3.10 ± 0.03 and 1.13 ± 0.01 % respectively. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity of Groups 5 and 6 were significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to the control. There were no visible histological changes in liver and kidney. Results of this study suggest that A. djalonensis is relatively safe for the treatment of diabetes and malaria at the administered doses.

Appetite Suppressing Activity of Rumex Usambarensis Leaf and Stem Aqueous Extract in Wistar Albino Female Rats: an in vivo Experimental Study.

The burden of obesity and overweight associated morbidity and mortality is increasing in epidemic proportions worldwide. Suppression of appetite is one of the mechanisms that has been shown to reduce weight. Most of the drugs on the market currently for appetite suppression are not readily available or affordable in resource-limited settings. Additionally, previous studies have shown that most of these drugs are associated with significant adverse effects, which demonstrates a need for alternative or complementary options of drugs for appetite suppression. In Uganda, herdsmen commonly chew the raw stems and leaves of Rumex usambarensis, a wild shrub, and this is believed to reduce hunger. This study aimed at determining the effect of Rumex usambarensis aqueous extract on food intake as a measure of appetite in Wistar albino rats. This study was carried out in two phases: the fattening phase and the treatment phase. Female albino Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 49 days. The fattened animals were then randomly separated into 4 groups, which received 1 mL of distilled water (negative control), 500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Rumex usambarensis, 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract and 20 mg/kg body weight topiramate (positive control), respectively. Food intake was measured every day, and weights were taken every two days for every group. Rumex usambarensis extract significantly reduced body weight of fattened rats compared to the control group at both doses: for the 500mg/kg dose (Mean difference, MD = 17.2, p < 0.001) and for 1000mg/kg dose (MD = 25.9, p < 0.001). Additionally, both doses of the aqueous extract showed a significant reduction in food intake: for the 500mg/kg dose (MD = 16.1, p < 0.001) and for the 1000mg/kg dose (MD = 37.3, p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between food intake and weight for both doses for the 500mg/kg dose (r = 0.744, p = 0.009), and the strongest association observed with 1000mg/kg dose (r = 0.906, p < 0.001). The aqueous extract of the leaves and stems of Rumex usambarensis has appetite suppressing and weight reduction effects in fattened female Wistar albino rats and could be an efficacious alternative medicine for management of overweight, obesity and other related disorders.

In vivo antiplasmodial activity and phytochemical composition of Landolphia dulcis (Sabine ex G.Don) Pichon bark and leaf extracts

Landolphia dulcis has been extensively used in folk medicine as sex booster, antidiabetic and antimicrobial especially in Western part of Nigeria. This research aims to investigate the curative potency of L. dulcis leaves and bark in Plasmodium infected mice. The extracts of L. dulcis were investigated against Plasmodiun bergei NK65, a chloroquine sensitive strain using curative assay. Parameters such as percentage inhibition, level of infected red blood cells (parasitaemia), weight variation and packed cell volume were evaluated in experimental mice. The crude extracts were assessed using standard phytochemical methods. The phytochemical screenings of crude extracts revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids and flavonoids. According to quantitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic, tannins, and flavonoid content were abundant in ethanol (50%) extracts. A significant increase in body weight of extract and chloroquine treated mice was observed; however, a reduction of -3.000 g was evident in group without treatment. A significant increase was observed in packed cell volume of 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanol (50%) extracts treated groups. An inhibitory activity of 87.7% and 53.61% were observed in 400 mg/kg ethanolic bark extract and 200 mg/kg ethanol (50%) leaves extract respectively, though, inhibitory activity of 100% was observed in chloroquine treated group. The outcomes of this study recommend the use of L. dulcis bark and leaves as a therapeutic agent for management of malaria and as a prospective antimalarial templates. Further studies are needed to investigate the safety and the mechanisms of action of the L. dulcis extracts.

Jatropha tanjorensis (Barbados Nut) Lowers Hematological Indices in a Dose-Dependent Fashion

The Jatropha tanjorensis plant is a vegetable commonly consumed in Southern Nigeria for its purported blood tonic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of J. tanjorensis on prepubertal male albino Wistar rats over a 28-day period. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: a control group receiving distilled water, a low-dose group receiving 111.803mg/kg body weight of extract, a medium-dose group receiving 223.606mg/kg body weight of extract, and a high-dose group receiving 335.409mg/kg body weight of extract. The results showed that the extract caused a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and neutrophils compared to the control group. The values for lymphocytes were not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) in the medium and high dose groups compared to the control group, but a slight increase (P&lt;0.05) was observed in the low-dose group. Furthermore, the monocyte count was significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05) in the low-dose group compared to the control group, while a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) was observed in the medium and high dose groups compared to the low-dose group. Platelet values showed a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the medium-dose group compared to the low-dose group, and a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) was observed in the high-dose group compared to both the low and medium-dose groups. These findings suggest that prolonged consumption of J. tanjorensis may be toxic, as evidenced by negative changes in the hematological indices of the experimental animals.

The effect of Callina papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Callina) leaves extract on histopathology of kidney and liver in cigarette smoke-exposed rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress that damages organ systems in the body. The study aimed to determine the protective effect of Callina papaya leaves ethanol extract on the histopathology of the kidneys and liver in cigarette smoke exposed rats. The study used 25 male rats divided into five groups, consisting of control (distilled water), negative control (exposed to cigarette smoke/ECS), P1 (ECS and given 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) extract), P2 (ECS and given 200 mg/Kg BW extract), and P3 (ECS and given 300 mg/kg BW extract) for 21 days. On the 22nd day, rats were sacrificed to take kidneys and liver for histopathological preparation. Observation parameters consists of organ index, and histopathology structure. All data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's pos hoc test (P&lt;0.05). The results showed no significant differences in organ index, glomerular number, and liver central vein area (P&gt;0.05). Inflammation area, necrosis cells number, diameter, and area of glomerulus in kidney at doses of 200 mg/Kg BW and 300 mg/Kg BW showed improvement compared to other treatments (P&gt;0.05). Hepatocyte area, sinusoid diameter, inflammatory area, number of hydropic degeneration cells, and number of necrosis cells in the liver also showed improvement at doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW compared to other treatments (P&gt;0.05). The conclusion shows that the Callina papaya leaves ethanol extract can protect against kidney and liver damage in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Hepatoprotective role of myricitrin isolated from Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract on γ-radiation-induced liver damage in rats: Phyto-biochemical investigations.

The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. (M. elengi L.) leaves and isolated pure myricitrin (3-, 4-, 5-, 5, 7-five hydroxyflavone-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside) (Myr) were evaluated in male rats exposed to γ-irradiation. The extraction of M. elengi L. leaves was performed using ethyl acetate (EtOAC). Seven groups of rats were used: control group, irradiated (IRR) group (6 Gy of γ-rays in a single dose), vehicle group (oral administration of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for 10 days), EtOAC extract group (100 mg/kg bodyweightof extract, orally for 10 days), EtOAC + IRR group (administration of extract and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7), Myrgroup (50 mg/kg bodyweight Myr, orally for 10 days), and Myr + IRR group (administration of Myr and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7). High-performance liquid chromatography and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance wereused to isolate and characterize the compounds from M. elengi L.leaves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay wasused for biochemical analyses. Identified compounds were Myr, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, myricetin 3-O-rahmnopyranoside (1 → 6) glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitol, gallic acid, α-,β-amyrin, ursolic acid, and lupeol. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased, while serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased after irradiation. Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 were increased following irradiation. Improvements were observed in most serological parameters after treatment with extract or pure Myr, with histological analyses confirming decreased liver injury in treated rats. Our study demonstrates that pure Myr has a greater hepatoprotective effect than M. elengi leaf extracts against irradiation-induced hepatic inflammation.

Investigation of Physiologic Effect of Prolonged Consumption of Raphia Hookeri Fruits Pulp Aqueous Extract on Renal Functions of Male Wistar Rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the physiologic effect of prolonged consumption of Raphia Hookeri fruits pulp aqueous extract on renal functions of male wistar rats. A total of 32 male wistar rats of weight ranging from 130gram to 200grams were used. The extract was administered orally for each 4 groups except control (group1) for twenty-eight (28) days. Group 1 rats were given animal feed and water only, group 2 were given 500mg/kg body weight of the extract, group 3 were given 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract, group 4 were given 2000mg/kg body weight of extract. The statistical analysis done using mean and standard deviation, P value at ≤ 0.05 and results showed that the sodium ion levels in all the test groups were marginally raised when compared to group 1, potassium ion levels in all test groups had only non-significant variations when compared to both the control and test groups but in test groups were seen to be slightly reduced with respect to group 1. Groups 2, 3 and 4 indicated elevated bicarbonate ion but of all, it was most and significant in group 4 when compared to group 1. Chloride ion indicated non-uniform and non-significant changes when compared to both the control and test groups. Creatinine all indicates non-significant effects of the extract when compared to group 1. The increase observed in urea and creatinine indicates that kidney function would deteriorate as it prolongs which negatively alter the renal physiology of the male wistar rats.

Evaluation of the haemostatic potentials of aqueous extract of Hyptis suaveolens leaves in wistar rats

Hyptis suaveolens is widely used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of bleeding and wounds amongst a number of other ailments. This study investigated the haemostatic activities as well as the effects of Hyptis suaveolens on some haematological parameters in Wistar rats. Preliminary phytochemical, mineral and trace metal analyses, as well as toxicity studies were carried out on the plant extract. Twenty (20) adult female Wistar rats having an average weight of 152.4 g were divided into four (4) groups comprising five (5) animals per group. Group 1 served as the control and received no treatment. Group 2 received 100 mg/kg bodyweight of extract; Group 3 received 200 mg/kg bodyweight of extract while Group 4 received 400 mg/kg bodyweight of extract. All treatments were administered orally for 21 days. The clotting time (sec), bleeding time (sec), prothrombin time (sec), partial thromboplastin time (sec) and haematological indices of the animals were all investigated and the results were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The extract significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the clotting and bleeding times at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of administration compared with control. The extract also significantly increased the red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels at all doses of administration compared with the control. The prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times along with other haematological parameters investigated, showed no significant variations. The significant lowering (p ≤ 0.05) of the bleeding and clotting times of the animals that received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose respectively of the extract compared with control, suggests that the aqueous extract of Hyptis suaveolens possesses haemostatic potentials.

In vivo antiplasmodial activities of stem bark extracts of Avicennia marina in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

malaria remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing tropical and subtropical nations. Due to the emergence and spread of drug resistance to currently available drugs, there is a need for the search of novel, safe, and reasonably affordable anti-malarial medications. The objective of this study was to assess the in vivoanti-malarial effectiveness of Avicennia marina stem bark extracts in a mice model. guidelines 425 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development were used to determine the extracts' acute toxicity. Mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) were tested for in vivoanti-plasmodial activity, and by giving oral doses of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight of extracts, the plant's suppressive, curative, and preventive effects were assessed. mice treated with dosages of up to 5000 mg/kg showed no evidence of acute toxicity or mortality. Consequently, it was determined that the acute lethal dosage of Avicennia marina extracts in swiss albino mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg. All doses of the extracts exhibited significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent suppression of P. berghei in the suppressive tests compared to the control group. At the highest dose (500 mg/kg), Methanolic crude extracts exerted the highest (93%) parasitemia suppression during the 4-day suppressive test. The extracts also displayed significant (p<0.001) prophylactic and curative activities at all doses compared to the control. results from this study ascertained the safety and promising curative, prophylactic and suppressive anti-plasmodial capabilities of the stem bark extracts of Avicennia marina in mice model.

Antidiabetic Effects and Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Chicken Drumstick Mushroom (Coprinus comatus) Extract in Diabetic Rats Model

Coprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) Pers. is a medicinal and edible mushroom containing bioactive compounds known as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents. The pancreatic β-cells were sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacks, which can cause necrosis and disrupt insulin production. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the C. comatus ethyl acetate extract for antidiabetic and antioxidant to decrease fasting blood glucose, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) levels, and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Subsequently, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, namely 2-5 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced 45 mg/kg, 1/HC (without any treatment), 2/NC (negative control), 3/PC (administered metformin 45 mg/kg Body weight (BW), 4-6 (T1: administered 250 mg, T2: administered 500 mg, and T3: administered 750 mg/kg BW extract). The parameters were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. According to the results, the extract significantly decreased DPP-4 levels, blood glucose and increased GPx (p ≤ 0.05). The 500 mg extract effectively reduced blood glucose levels and DPP-4 enzyme as well as increased levels of GPx.

Ethanol extract of the mushroom Coprinus comatus exhibits antidiabetic and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Context Edible mushrooms have a long history of use in traditional Chinese or Japanese medicine. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. (Agaricaceae) contains antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. Objective To identify the benefits of ethanol extracts of the C. comatus fruit body in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats by evaluating their blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), and glutathione (GSH) levels, with and without extract administration. Materials and methods Wistar rats were either left untreated or were administered 45 mg/kg body weight (BW) streptozotocin; 45 mg/kg BW metformin; or 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg BW extract for 14 days. The blood glucose, GLP-1, DPP-4, GSH, insulin, and HbA1c levels were determined. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests. Results Preliminary data showed that administration of C. comatus ethanol extract dose of 250, 500, and 750 mg orally has no toxicity effects after 24 h administration. The ethanolic extract of fruiting body of C. comatus considerably reduced the rat’s fasting blood glucose levels 26.69%, and DPP-4 6.97% at dose of 750 mg. The extract reduced HbA1c 4–4.30%, increased GLP-1 71.09%, GSH 11.19% at dose of 500 mg, and increased insulin levels 13.83%. Extracts contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoids, vitamins C and E, rutin, and saponin. Conclusions The C. comatus extract can be used as herbal medicine that reduces diabetic symptoms. Further investigation on C. comatus extracts should be conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterise the bioactive compounds.

CURATIVE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PALISOTA HIRSUTA ON NEPHROTOXICITY INDUCED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

This work was done to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Palisota hirsuta on nephrotoxicity induced by carbontetrachloride (CCl4). Biochemical analyses were carried out to determine the levels of creatinine, urea, total protein, chloride, carbonate using assay kits (products of Randox Laboratories Crumlin and Teco Diagnostics), sodium, potassium (method of Tietz,) and malondialdelyde (MDA) level (thiobarbituric acid assay) and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Consequently, twenty-five albino rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each, the animals were fed rats mash and water ad libitum. Group 1 (positive control) rats were administered only 0.5 ml/kg body weight of groundnut oil while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were induced with 0.5 ml/kg CCl4 and groundnut oil (1:1).The plant extracts were not administered to groups 1 and 2; while groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of extract respectively. Results showed increased levels of creatinine, urea, chloride, carbonate and malondialdelyde levels and reduced levels of total protein and SOD activity in the group induced with CCl4, but not given the drug extract (negative control). These effects were ameliorated at different dose levels of administration of the drug extract. This work therefore demonstrates the protective effect of P.hirsuta against nephrotoxicity induced by CCL4

Pharmacognostic and antidysentery screening of mixed ethanol leaf extract of Parkia biglobosa and Acanthus montanus (50:50)

Introduction: Parkia biglobosa belong to the family mimosaceae and Acanthus montanus belong to the family acanthaceae. The plants both have a multipurpose use as herbal medicine. Aim: This work investigate the pharmacognostic standard and anti-dysentery activity of the mixed ethanol extract of both plants on E. histolytical induced dysentery. Method: The phytochemical, chemo microscopy and proximate analysis were carried out using the standard procedures. The mixed extract of ratio 50:50 was administered to different groups of rats at different doses. Loperamide was administered as standard drug. The change in faecal consistency was observed and recorded. Result: The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, proteins, glycosides and carbohydrates. Chemomicroscopy of both plants showed the presence of starch, calcium oxalate, lignin, cellulose. While the extractive value analysis gave 25.0% and 32.7% for water extractive value and ethanol extractive value respectively (for Acanthus montanus) and 23.0% and 30.0% for water extractive value and ethanol extractive value respectively (for Parkiabiglobosa). The absence of death at 5000mg/kg of the extract shows that the lethal dose of the ethanol extract of the plant mixture is higher than 5000mg/kg which may be an indication of safety of the mixture. The anti-dysentery activity of the mixture of both plants with different concentration of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract showed a significant change in the faecal consistency of the rats. The effect obtained on the administration of 500mg/kg body weight of the extract mixture is more comparable to the standard (loperamide). Conclusion: The synergistic use of the extract contains the secondary metabolites glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, which may be responsible for their anti-dysentery synergistic activity. Mixed extracts from both leaves of P. biglobosa and A. montanus can be recommended as an anti-dysentery agent.

In vitro and in vivo Activities of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts and solvent Fractions against Salmonella Typhi

Typhoidal salmonella infections remain a challenge in the health care system in sub-Saharan Africa. Carrier status and advent of multi-drug resistant S. Typhi strains have necessitated the search for new drug leads. Hence, this study aims at investigating P. guajava and A. indica leaves for anti-salmonella activities. Guava and neem leaves were extracted by maceration in methanol and fractionated by solvent partitioning. In vitro activities were assessed by agar well diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Sixty male rats were randomized to 10 groups of 6 animals each for the in vivo experiments. Groups of rats except, normal control, were induced with 0.5McFarland of S. Typhi suspension orally. Treatment groups received 200 mg/kg body weight of extracts and fractions, and the control groups were treated with 14.29mg/kg body weight of ciprofloxacin and 1%v/v DMSO for 7 days post-infection. Biochemical parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. Hematological parameters were analyzed with automated hematology diagnostic machine. All fractions of P. guajava and three of A. indica inhibited S. Typhi growth with Zone of Inhibition (ZI) ranging from 11-15 mm. Active fractions inhibited 48.60-62.45% of S. Typhi biofilm formation at 25 mg/mL with Minimum Bactericidal Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) of 0.39-12.5 mg/mL. All fractions improved body weight of treated rats and inhibited bacteremia at 44.75 and 95.94%. Hematological parameters improved in all fractions-treated rats. MDA was not significantly (p&lt;0.05) altered in all groups. One fraction of P. guajava (ePg) lowered the elevated level in concentration of Nitric oxide (NO) while all fractions enhanced the lowered activity of SOD. Elevated (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin (BIL) were lowered by all fractions to various extents in treated rats. Fractions of P. guajava, and A. indica could be further considered for identification of active anti-salmonella principle(s).

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of 80% Methanolic Root Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke (Rubiaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice.

Background Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders, responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality due to limited efficacy and negative properties of antiepileptic drugs. Medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke is a medicinal plant used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. However, it lacks scientific investigation on its anticonvulsant activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of 80% methanol root bark extract and solvent fractions of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke in mice. Methods Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by using the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. The 80% methanolic root bark extract was subjected to successive fractionation with solvents differing polarity, i.e., chloroform, butanol, and water. The test groups received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight of extract and its solvent fractions. Result The ME400 and BF400 at the higher dose exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) anticonvulsant effect in both the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced seizure test compared with control. However, chloroform fraction only showed a significant (p < 0.001) anticonvulsant effect in the PTZ-induced seizure test, while aqueous fraction had least anticonvulsant activity in both seizure-induced tests. Phytochemical screening of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke root bark extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. Conclusion This study indicated that the plant has anticonvulsant activity and is considered as a potential source to develop a new antiepileptic drug.

Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P&lt;0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P&lt;0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on sperm count and sperm motility of adult wistar rats

Background: The plant, Corchorus olitorius is consumed by many tribes and cultures for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes. Purpose: The study was therefore designed to investigate, evaluate and unravel the possible effects of the plant extract on the sperm count and sperm motility. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 g separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the testes and accompanying epididymis harvested for investigations using standard laboratory standards. Results: Surprisingly, semen analysis showed that group B, C and D rats had an improved and increased sperm motility rate over group (A). Again, there was a pronounced significant increase in the average sperm count of the rats treated with varying doses of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract over that of the control group, a development that appeared to be dose dependent.

Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Dissotis Roundifolia on Plasma Glucose and Creatinine Concentration in Normal Albino Rats

Dissotis rotundifolia?is a broad spectrum medicinal plant that has received worldwide recognition. This study was designed to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Dissotis rotundifolia on plasma glucose and creatinine level in normal albino rats. A total of 6 albino wistar rats each weighing 150g were assembled and randomly divided into 2 groups (control and tests) consisting of 3 rats each. The control group received pelleted growers mash and distilled water all through the period of experiment while the test group received 2ml/kg body weight of extract twice daily. Blood samples was collected into lithium heparin bottle for creatinine and sodium oxalate tube for glucose determination. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20. Results showed a significant increase in the mean plasma glucose and creatinine levels in rats treated with Dissotis rotundifolia compared with normal control group. This suggests a deleterious effect of Dissostis rotundifolia at the investigated dosage and thus, may not be safe for oral consumption. Hence, there is need for further studies in this regard in order to ascertain the safety of Dissostis rotundifolia.

Acute Toxicological and Histopathological Elucidation of Rheum emodi Rhizome Extract to Demonstrate Antidiabetic Activity in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Rheum emodi has been used traditionally to treat diabetes in India. The study was designed to elucidate the effect of 75% ethanolic extract of R. emodi (rhizome) (EE-ReR) and its isolated compounds like emodin and chrysophanol on alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and to check its antidiabetic efficacy. Acute toxicological and histopathological studies were also assessed. Methods: Experimental rats were divided into six groups, with each group consisting of 6 rats. EEReR and its compounds emodin and chrysophanol were given orally for 30 days. Results: The experimental rats were sacrificed after 30 days by cervical dislocation. The renal profile and lipid parameters were determined. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas were examined in EE-ReR treated group. EE-ReR was fed orally to diabetic rats, which resulted in a decline in the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, creatinine, urea levels, and a rise in the insulin levels was observed almost in the normal range, in the rats which were fed with the extract. Histopathological studies of pancreas, kidney, and liver in diabetic rats revealed that the treated group of rats showed normal regeneration of islets cells. Acute toxicological studies revealed that the extract is safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract fed orally. Conclusion: These findings are suggestive of a possible protective and prevent damage to the internal organs played by the R. emodi and its compounds like emodin and chrysophanol compounds and elevate insulin production during high blood glucose levels without any acute toxicologically effect.

ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ONIONS (Allium cepa) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR ALBINO RATS

ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ONIONS (Allium cepa) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR ALBINO RATS