Body Vital Organ Research Articles

Implementation Trendelenburg Position In Septic Shock Patients In The Intensive Care Unit : A Case Report

Introduction: Shock is a clinical syndrome that occurs due to hemodynamic and metabolic disorders characterized by failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion to the body's vital organs. Objective: This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Trendelenburg position intervention in patients with septic shock in the intensive care unit. Method: Researchers used the case report method to explain the implementation of the Trendelenburg position intervention in shock management. Result: In this study, the Trendenburg position can increase perfusion in patients with septic shock at the beginning of the maneuver but it does not last long. This position helps increase the perfusion of vital organs by improving blood flow to the brain and other organs in the patient. Recommendation: This study concludes that the Trendelenburg position has a positive effect on patients with septic shock if combined with other interventions and pharmacological support. Keywords: Intensive Care Unit, Shock, Trendelenburg

Comparative Efficacy of Inhaled and Intravenous Corticosteroids in Managing COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition in which the lungs fail to provide sufficient oxygen to the body's vital organs. It is commonly associated with COVID-19 patients. Severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to lung damage and organ failure due to an immune response in the body. To mitigate these effects, corticosteroids, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, have been suggested as a potential treatment option. The primary focus of this study was to assess the impact of various corticosteroid administration methods on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Methods: The current study was conducted on COVID-19 patients divided into three groups. The first group was administered 6 mg of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone; the second group received 1 mg/kg of IV methylprednisolone (methylprednisolone); and the third group received budesonide respirable solution at a dosage of 1mg twice daily. The neubilizer used was a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN). All patients received standard care. We found that dexamethasone administered intravenously led to a significant reduction in C-reactive protein levels, surpassing the effectiveness of both IV methylprednisolone and inhaled budesonide. Oxygen saturation without mask change over time showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) in favor of the budesonide and dexamethasone groups for all days. Individuals who received methylprednisolone showed a significant decrease in mortality rate and an extended survival duration, with statistical significance observed at p = 0.024. The rest of the parameters, including ferritin, lymphocytes, total leukocyte count, platelets, hemoglobin, urea, serum potassium, serum sodium, serum creatinine, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, uric acid, albumin, globulin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, international normalized ratio, oxygen saturation with flow, and oxygen flow, showed no statistically significant differences between the three drugs. In conclusion, treatment with IV methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) resulted in a shorter hospital stay, decreased reliance on ventilation, and improved health outcomes for COVID-19 patients compared to using dexamethasone at a daily dosage of 6 mg or budesonide respirable solution at a dosage of 1mg twice daily.

PMON230 Pancreatic Exocrine Cells are Altered during the Progression of Ovarian Cancer-Driven Cachexia in Female Mice

Abstract Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a progressive debilitating syndrome that frequently complicates metabolic function in body vital organs and subsequently causes a high mortality rate in cancer patients. However, the underlying mechanisms and the functional consequences of organs dysfunction during CAC are not fully elucidated. Recently, we have developed a preclinical model characterized by oocyte-specific knockin for constitutively active Pi3k (Pik3ca*) which induces ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) and mimics the stagewise progression of CAC in humans. Here, we aim to characterize the pathophysiological effect of cachexia on pancreatic dysfunction and investigate the potential role of the pancreas in the development and complication of cachexia in transgenic female mice with ovarian cancer. Notably, we found that cachectic mice showed a drastic loss in the pancreatic volume (PV) before death. Histological and morphometric assays revealed that exocrine pancreatic acinar atrophy (PAA) is drastic in the pancreas of cachectic PIK3CA* mice. The pancreas appeared to have an increased number of pancreatic stellate-shaped cells between acini. No significant changes were observed in the morphology of endocrine islets. Immunohistochemical assay confirmed a high level of TNF-a in atrophied pancreatic tissue and decreased intensity of pancreatic amylase in the cytoplasm of atrophied pancreatic acinar cells. Additionally, moderate fibrosis was also observed in the wall of pancreatic ducts and blood vessels, but not between the pancreatic acini. Masson trichrome and histochemical staining confirmed expression of extracellular matrix proteins including collagen I, II, IV, and a -smooth muscle actin in ducts and vessel walls. Overall, our preliminary findings in this novel CAC mouse model strongly suggest potential signs of exhausted exocrine pancreatic cells during the progression of ovarian cancer-driven cachexia. This mouse line could be an ideal preclinical model to aid in clarifying molecular mediators of pancreatic pathophysiology and metabolic dysfunction during CAC. Keywords: Ovarian cancer-driven cachexia, pancreas, atrophy, amylase. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Performance enhancement of an uncertain nonlinear medical robot with optimal nonlinear robust controller

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation refers to the process of sending oxygen and blood to the body's vital organs during cardiac arrest. For this reason, designing and controlling an accurate robot is crucial to saving the lives of patients. This study aims to optimize two nonlinear robust controllers for the first time for the parallel manipulator for cardiopulmonary resuscitation to reduce overshoot, increase accuracy, increase convergence speed, and increase robustness to destructive factors affecting the precision of the robots. The paper first presents the kinematics and dynamics of a translational parallel manipulator robot. Then, to reduce the difference between the practical and simulation results, the paper presents a nonlinear model under uncertainties, disturbances, and noise. Then, the ONSTSMC awaiting the uncertainty band is designed to eliminate the singularity problem and increase the accuracy and robustness to destructive factors, as well as improve stability using the Lyapunov principle. Furthermore, the results of applying this robust controller to the robot are compared with the results of a non-singular terminal sliding mode controller without considering the uncertainty band, a conventional sliding mode controller, and a PID controller for the same model. The developed controller exhibits better performance in terms of accuracy and convergence time even when external and internal destructive factors are present. The accuracy is 0.21 mm and the convergence time is 0.7 seconds when compared with PID. Furthermore, it is approximately 0.17 mm and 0.4 seconds faster compared with conventional sliding mode controllers.

Biomedical applications of electrospun nanofibers in the management of diabetic wounds.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease that affects almost all the body's vital organs. Around 415 million people have been diagnosed with DM worldwide, and most of them are due to type 2 DM. The incidence of DM is estimated to increase by 642 million individuals by 2040. DM is considered to have many complications among which diabetic wound (DW) is one of the most distressing complication. DW affects 15% of people with diabetes and is triggered by the loss of glycaemic control, peripheral neuropathy, vascular diseases, and immunosuppression. For timely treatment, early detection, debridement, offloading, and controlling infection are crucial. Even though several treatments are available, the understanding of overlying diabetes-related wound healing mechanisms as therapeutic options has increased dramatically over the past decades. Conventional dressings are cost-effective; however, they are not productive enough to promote the overall process of DW healing. Thanks to tissue engineering developments, one of the promising current trends in innovative wound dressings such as hydrocolloids, hydrogels, scaffolds, films, and nanofibers which merges traditional healing agents and modern products/practices. Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning with enormous porosity, excellent absorption of moisture, the better exchange rate of oxygen, and antibacterial activities have increased interest. The application of these nanofibers can be extended by starting with a careful selection of polymers, loading with active therapeutic moieties such as peptides, proteins, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), and stem cells, etc. to make them as potential dosage forms in the management of DWs. This review explains the potential applications of electrospun nanofibers in DW healing. A schematic view of role of nanofibers in diabetic wounds.

Biochemical parameters and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vital organs: COVID-19 outbreak in Iran

Since its emergence, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, and led to ever-increasing mortality. SARS-CoV-2 infection perturbs the function of the body's vital organs, making patients of all ages susceptible to the disease. Nevertheless, individuals developing critical illness with poor outcomes were mostly the elderly and people with co-morbid conditions, who constituted the vast majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatalities. Complications of COVID-19 mostly involve the respiratory, renal and cardiovascular systems, and in severe cases secondary infections leading to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which may precede the death of the patient. Multi-organ failure in individuals with COVID-19 could be a consequence of their co-morbidities. A patient's pre-existing conditions may affect the disease prognosis, requiring immediate attention to accurately detect and evaluate them in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. This review addresses several issues in relation to manifestations of the body's vital organs along with potential diagnostic blood factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is hoped that the review will lead to more comprehensive understanding of this complex disease.

VLSI Technology for Real Time Monitoring System of High Risk Cardiac Patients

Recent developments in Cardiac surgery have led to increase in number of patients between the age group of 25 and 69 years of age who have survived Myocardial Infarction. Regular and continuous monitoring of these patients becomes essential as this age group of people is the real asset to a family. Hence this paper aims in design and development of low cost, light weight, portable real time monitoring system for cardiac patients. The proposed system employs a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a reconfigurable platform that performs online analysis of the acquired ECG signal continuously. FPGA based Arrhythmia detector, implemented on a DE0 Nano Altera Cyclone IV board is interfaced with GSM/GPS module to alert the physician or the caretaker on a mobile phone about the imminent fatal condition and location of the patient. If the portable system detects any arrhythmia, it automatically sends an alarm condition to the patient's care taker and doctor or ambulance centre. Through our proposed system the caretaker is immediately aware of the fatal condition of the patient, and hence immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be performed, because CPR can provide an efficient method for maintaining a flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body's vital organs before advanced emergency care is available for the patient.